Kua pāngia pea tātou katoa e taua āhua kore whakamarie i roto i ō tātou puku i muri i te inu i tētahi karāhe miraka, i tētahi miraka kawa, i tētahi koko aihikirīmi rānei. Tērā pea ka pupuhi koe, ka rongo i ngā oro haruru i roto i tō puku, ka pāngia koe e te mamae o te puku, ka pāngia rānei koe e te mate korere. Kua pāngia koe e ēnei tohu? Mena koinā, he mea nui ēnei mōhiohio mai i Nirogi Lanka māu. Ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi mate e mōhiotia ana ko te Lactose Intolerance .
He aha te kore manawanui ki te lactose?
Ki te kī ngāwari, ka puta te koretake o te lactose ina uaua te pūnaha nakunaku ki te wawahi i te lactose — he huka tūturu e kitea ana i roto i te miraka me ngā hua miraka. Ahakoa he uaua ki te nuinga o te tangata te nakunaku i te lactose, kāore te katoa e kite i ngā tohu e kitea ana. Heoi, ki te kore koe e pai ki te kai miraka, tera pea kei te pāngia koe e te koretake o te lactose.
Kua rongo pea koe i te kupu "lactose malabsorption ". E pā ana tēnei ki tētahi āhua kāore e taea e tō tinana te mimiti katoa i ngā matūkai mai i ngā ngota lactose. He mea tino noa tēnei; tata ki te 65% o ngā pakeke o te ao he uaua ki te nakunaku i te lactose. Ina neke tēnei lactose kāore anō kia nakunaku mā roto i tō ara nakunaku, ka puta te mamae e pā ana ki tēnei āhuatanga.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te lactose malabsorption me te lactose intolerance?
Ahakoa te ahua pōhēhē, he māmā noa te rerekētanga: ko te hunga katoa e kore e manawanui ki te lactose ka pāngia e te lactose intolerance, engari kāore e pāngia te katoa e te lactose intolerance e ngā tohu o te kore manawanui ki te lactose.
Whakaarohia pēnei: ka tīmata te ngoikore o te mimiti lactose i roto i tō whekau iti , i te wā e kore ai e mimiti tika te lactose e te tinana. Heoi, ko te mamae tinana e whai ake nei—ko tā tātou e kī nei ko ngā tohu—ka puta i roto i te whekau nui .
Ko tō whekau iti te kawenga matua mō te mimiti i ngā matūkai mai i te kai e kainga ana e koe, me te wawahi i aua matūriki hei matūriki iti ka puta mā roto i te pakitara o te whekau ki roto i tō toto. Ko ngā mea kāore anō kia mimitia ka haere tonu ki te whekau nui.
Kia tae atu aua matūriki lactose kāore anō kia nakunaku ki tō whekau nui, ka nui ake te wai ka kukume mai, ka puta he hau. I te wā e whakapūpū ana ō huakita puku i ēnei huka, ka pupuhi pea, ka mate korere, ka mamae hoki te puku. Hei tāpiri, ka tukuna pea e tō whekau nui he wai tāpiri hei āwhina i te tango i ngā huka kāore anō kia nakunaku.
Ko te kaha o ō tohumate ka whakawhirinaki ki ētahi āhuatanga: te nui o te lactose ka taea tonu e koe te nakunaku, te nui e kainga ana e koe, me te mea kei a koe ētahi atu mate puku. Tērā pea ka kōrerohia ēnei āhuatanga e tō tākuta ki a koe kia pai ake ai tō mārama ki tō āhuatanga.
He aha ngā tohu?
Mena he koretake koe ki te lactose, ka pāngia pea koe e ngā tohu pēnei i:
- Pupuhi: He ahua kī tonu, he pēhanga rānei i roto i tō puku.
- Te nui rawa o te hau: Te putanga pinepine o te hau.
- Whakapairuaki me te ruaki: Ka pāngia pea ētahi e te ruaki, ā, i ētahi wā, ka ruaki pea.
- Mamae me te kōpiripiri o te puku: He kare koi, he kōpikopiko rānei i roto i tō puku.
- Te haruru o te puku: Ka rangona ngā oro haruru mai i tō ara nakunaku.
- Korere: He tūtae wai, he tūtae pahekeheke rānei.
Ka puta ēnei tohu ina tae te lactose kāore anō kia nakunaku ki tō whekau nui. I te mea e 6 ki te 10 hāora pea ka tae te kai ki te whekau nui, ā, e 24 ki te 36 hāora anō hoki hei haere mā roto, kāore pea ō tohu e tīmata tae noa ki te rā, e rua rānei i muri i tō kai miraka.
Ko ēhea kai ka puta ai ngā tohu?
Kei roto i te nuinga o ngā miraka me ngā hua miraka te lactose mēnā kāore i tangohia motuhaketia. Hei tauira, he nui te lactose i roto i te miraka hou me te kirīmi, engari he iti ake ngā taumata o ngā tiihi kua pakeke. Tērā pea ka kitea e koe he iti noa te tiihi i roto i te huamata kāore he raruraru mōu.
Heoi, ki te tino pāngia koe e te mate pāwera, ahakoa he iti noa iho, ka taea e ngā tohu te whakaoho. Tirohia tonu ngā tapanga kai kei runga i ngā kai kua takaihia. He maha ngā kai tukatuka—pērā i ngā hupa, ngā ranu huamata, me ngā kai maa—kei roto te lactose huna. Ahakoa ētahi rongoā ka whakamahia pea te lactose hei kai koretake.
He aha te take o te kore manawanui ki te lactose?
E rua ngā āhuatanga matua: te koretake o te mimiti o te lactose me te aro o te puku . Ko te wāhanga tino nui ko te koretake o te mimiti o te lactose, ka puta ina kore e taea e tō whekau iti te wawahi tika i te huka, ka taea ai e ia te tae atu ki te whekau nui me te whakaoho i ō tohumate.
Te mahi a te whākōkī Lactase
Hei wawahi i te lactose, me whai whākōkī motuhake tō whekau iti e kiia nei ko te lactase . I te wā o te pēpi, ka whakaputa noa tō tinana i te nui o te lactase hei nakunaku i te waiū ū. Heoi, mō te tini o te tangata, ka tino heke te hanga o tēnei whākōkī i a rātou e pakeke haere ana.
Ki te kore e nui te lactase e whakaputaina e tō tinana, kāore e taea e koe te keri tika i te lactose. Ahakoa he nui ake ngā taumata o tēnei whākōkī e mau tonu ana i ētahi tāngata, ko te nuinga o te taupori o te ao ka heke iho te lactase i a rātou e pakeke haere ana. Ko ētahi taupori anake ka haere tonu ki te whakaputa i ngā taumata teitei o te lactase puta noa i ō rātou oranga pakeke.
Te mārama ki te hauora o tō puku
Koinei te wāhi e hiranga ai te aro o tō puku ki te kai. I ētahi wā ka kai te katoa i ngā mea uaua ki te nakunaku. Tērā pea ka puta ētahi muka me ngā huka mā roto i tō pūnaha nakunaku, ā, ka whakapūpūngia e ngā huakita o te puku. Mō te nuinga o te tangata, kāore ēnei taunekeneke iti e whakararu nui i a koe; heoi, ki te mea he ngāwari koe ki te pāngia e ngā raruraru nakunaku, tērā pea ka tino pāngia koe e ngā pānga.
Heoi, he ahurei te katoa. He pānga nui tō ira, tō hauora o te puku, tō aro ki ngā āhuatanga o te tinana, me ō tikanga kai. Ka rerekē pea te kohinga ahurei o ngā huakita i roto i tō puku (e mōhiotia ana ko te microbiome puku ) i tō tētahi atu. Nā reira, ko koe te kaiwhakawā pai rawa atu mō ō rohe—mā ō tohu ake koe e whakaatu ki te nui o te lactose ka taea e koe te manawanui.
He aha ngā momo e whā o te kore e manawanui ki te lactose?
E whā ngā momo matua o tēnei mate, he rerekē ngā take matua o ia momo:
- Tuatahi: Ko te momo tino noa, ka puta ina heke te hanga o te whākōkī lactase i roto i tō whekau iti i a koe e pakeke haere ana.
- Tuarua: Ka puta tēnei ina pakaru, ina mumura rānei tō whekau iti nā te mate, te whara, te pokanga rānei—hei tauira, nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate Celiac , ngā mate pāwera rānei.
- Whānautanga: He mate tino onge e pā ana mai i te whānautanga, ina kore e taea e te tinana te whakaputa i te lactase e tika ana mai i te tīmatanga.
- Whanaketanga: He mea noa i roto i ngā pēpi i whānau mai i mua i te wā, nā te mea kāore anō kia tino whanake te kaha o te whekau iti ki te whakaputa lactase.
He take ira te kore e manawanui ki te lactose?
Ae, he mea nui te mahi a ngā ira. Ka pāngia e tō DNA te roa o te wā e whakaputa ai tō tinana i te whākōkī lactase, ā, ka pā pea ki te aro o tō puku me te hanganga o ngā huakita o tō puku. Ka whakapūpūtia e ētahi huakita te lactose hei hau, ko ētahi ka huri hei waikawa lactic, ka iti ake pea ngā tohu.
Tērā pea he nui ake tō mate ira ki te koretake o te lactose me te kore manawanui ki te kai mena kei roto i tōu taonga tuku iho:
- Āhia
- Tangata Whenua o Amerika
- Hispanika
I tua atu, tera pea kei a koe te tūponotanga ira ki te whakaputa tonu i te lactase tae noa ki te pakeketanga mēnā ko tōu whakapapa:
- Te Tai Tokerau o Ūropi
- Āwherika
- Te Rawhiti o Waenganui
I ētahi wā tino onge, ka whānau mai ngā tāngata me te ngoikoretanga lactase whānau , he mate ira e puta ai te kore e manawanui ki te lactose mai i te whānautanga.
Ka taea te whakawhanake i te kore manawanui ki te lactose i roto i te wā?
Mō te nuinga, ka puta te koretake o te lactose i a rātou e neke ana mai i te tamarikitanga ki te pakeketanga. Ko te momo tino noa, ko te koretake o te lactose tuatahi , ka puta mai i te mea ka heke te hanga lactase i roto i te wā. Hei tāpiri, ka rerekē pea te aro o tō puku i a koe e pakeke haere ana.
Haunga te koretake o te lactose, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu mena ka pāngia koe e:
- Te Mate Puku Whakararuraru (IBS)
- Te aro nui ki ngā uaua o te puku (te nui haere o te aro ki ngā mea o roto o te puku)
- Te tipu nui o te huakita o te whekau iti (SIBO)
Ka puta pinepine mai ēnei āhuatanga, ka whanake haere puta noa i tō oranga.
Ka taea e te kore manawanui ki te lactose te puta ohorere mai?
Ae, ka taea e koe te whakawhanake i te koretake o te lactose tuarua i te wā ohorere nā te kino o tō whekau iti. Ka taea e te whara, te pokanga, ngā mate kino, ngā mate hauora mau tonu rānei te kino i ngā pūtau e whakaputa ana i te lactase. Ko te tikanga ahakoa i taea e koe te nakunaku i te lactose i mua, ka pāngia pea koe e ngā tohu o te koretake o te lactose.
Ko ngā take noa mō te kore manawanui lactose tuarua ko:
- Te rongoā irahiko
- Te pokanga tango whekau iti
- Te mate pukupuku kiriuhi
- Te mate puku mumura (IBD) (hei tauira, te mate a Crohn, te mate puku mumura )
- Mate celiac
- Enterocolitis (te mate me te mumura o te ara kai)
Heoi, kāore tēnei momo e pumau tonu. Kia ora tō whekau iti, kia hoki anō hoki tana mahi, tera pea ka taea e koe te nakunaku i te lactose.
Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai mēnā he mate pāwera koe ki te lactose?
Mena ka pāngia tonu koe e te mamae o te pūnaha nakunaku i muri i te kai i ngā hua miraka, tera pea ka whakapae koe he koretake te lactose. Heoi, he maha tonu ngā tāngata he iti te hanga lactase ka taea tonu te manawanui ki ngā rahinga rerekē o te lactose. Mena kāore koe i te tino mōhio mena ko te lactose te take o ō tohu, ko te huarahi pai ko te whakarite i tētahi wā hui ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora i Nirogi Lanka.
Me pēhea te tautuhi i te kore manawanui o te lactose?
He maha ngā taputapu tātaritanga a tō tākuta hei whakaū mēnā he mate tōu e kore e manawanui ki te lactose. Ko ngā whakamātautau tino noa ko:
- Whakamātautau Manawa Hauwai: I tēnei whakamātautau, ka ine mātou i ngā taumata o te hauwai me ngā hau methane i roto i tō manawa. Ka hangaia ēnei hau e ngā huakita i roto i tō whekau nui. Mena ka piki ake ēnei taumata hau i muri i tō inu i tētahi inu kei roto te lactose, he tohu tēnei kei te whakapūpū ngā huakita o tō puku i te lactose kāore anō kia nakunaku, ka puta he hau nui.
- Whakamātautau Huka Toto: Mena kāore i te tino kitea te hua o te whakamātautau manawa, ka tono pea tō tākuta kia whakamātauria he toto. Ka inehia e mātou ō taumata huka toto i mua atu, ā, i muri hoki i tō inu i te inu lactose. Mena kāore ō taumata huka toto e piki ake e ai ki te tumanako, he tohu tēnei kāore tō tinana e mimiti tika ana i te lactose.
- Whakamātautau Waikawa Tūtae: Ko te tikanga matua o tēnei whakamātautau he whakamātautau mā ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi. Whai muri i te kai a te tamaiti i te lactose, ka tātarihia he tauira tūtae. Mā te nui o te waikawa lactic me ētahi atu hua taha i roto i te tūtae ka whakaū kei te kore te tinana e pakaru, e mimiti rānei i te lactose.
He aha ngā rongoā mō te kore manawanui ki te lactose?
Hei nakunaku pai i te lactose, me whakaputa e tō whekau iti he whākōkī e kiia nei ko te lactase. He maha ngā tāngata e kore e manawanui ki te lactose, kāore e nui te nui o tēnei whākōkī e whakaputaina ana e rātou. Heoi, ka taea e ngā tāpiringa lactase te whakarato i te whākōkī e tika ana mō tō pūnaha. Kei te wātea ēnei i roto i te ahua papa, i te ahua maturuturu rānei, ā, ka taea te tango i mua tonu i te kai i tētahi kai kei roto te lactose.
Kei te rangahauhia hoki e ngā kairangahau ngā huakita waikawa lactic hei rongoā pea. Ka hurihia e ēnei huakita te lactose hei waikawa lactic, kaua hei hau. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mā te whakauru i ngā probiotics (ngā huakita pai) me ngā prebiotics (e whāngai ana i aua huakita) ki roto i tō kai ka pai ake pea tō manawanui ki te lactose.
Me pēhea te whakahaere i te mate pāwera ki te lactose mā te kai?
Kimihia tō pae lactose whaiaro mā te whakamātau āta i tāu kai. Ka taea e ētahi tāngata te aro ki ētahi hua miraka i roto i ngā rahinga iti, i te wā rānei e kainga tahi ana me ētahi atu kai. Tīmata ki te kai kore-lactose, ka tāpiri haere i ngā rahinga iti o te lactose kia kite ai koe i te tauhohenga a tō tinana.
He tokomaha ngā tāngata e kore e manawanui ki te lactose ka taea te whakahaere i te 12 karamu o te lactose i ia nohoanga—he rite ki te kapu miraka, ki te koko aihikirīmi rānei. Hei tāpiri, kei te nuinga o ngā toa hoko kai inaianei ngā momo hua miraka he iti te lactose me te kore-lactose . Mā te whakauru i ēnei, me ngā momo miraka tipu hei whakakapi, ka āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te kai taurite me te whakaiti i ngā tohu.
Ka taea te rongoā i te mate manawanui lactose?
Mena he mate tōu e kore e manawanui ki te lactose tuarua nā te whara o te whekau iti, ka memeha pea te mate ina ora te kino o raro. Ka whakawhirinaki tēnei ki te kaha me te āhua o te whara, ā, ka roa pea te wā. Ko ngā pēpi e kore e manawanui ki te lactose whanaketanga (he maha ngā wā nā te whānautanga o mua) ka pakeke haere i te mate i a rātou e pakeke haere ana.
Heoi, ki te mea he mate tōu e kore e manawanui ki te lactose tuatahi , e kore rānei e taea e tō tinana te whakaputa i te lactase e ranea ana. Heoi anō, ko te whakapai ake i te hauora o tō puku me te tautoko i tō microbiome puku ka arahi pea ki ngā tohu ngawari ake, ki te kaha ake rānei ki te aro ki ngā iti o te lactose.
He aha ngā mea ka puta mēnā ka warewarehia e koe te mate manawanui lactose?
Ehara te koretake o te lactose i te mea morearea ki te ora. Ki te kore koe e aro atu, tera pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae wā poto (te hau, te pupuhi, te mate korere) kia tae rā anō te lactose ki roto i tō pūnaha nakunaku. Heoi, ka taea te whakahaere me te ārai i ēnei tohu mamae mā te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa lactase, i ngā hua kore-lactose rānei mai i ngā puna kua whakaaetia e Nirogi Lanka.
He pānga roa kei te kore e manawanui ki te lactose?
Nā te mea ka pā te koretake o te lactose ki ō whiringa kai, he mea nui kia tūpato koe ki ō kai totika. Ki te whakakorea katoatia e koe ngā hua miraka katoa, tera pea ka pāngia koe e te korenga o te konupūmā me te Huaora D. Ahakoa kei roto i ētahi atu puna kai ēnei matūkai, he maha ngā wā ko te miraka te kai matua. Ka tūtohu mātou kia kōrero koe ki tētahi tohunga kai totika kia mōhio ai koe kei te tutuki i a koe ō hiahia o ia rā.
Ka pā kino te korenga o te konupūmā, te korenga rānei o te Huaora D ki ō wheua, ki ō uaua, me te pūnaha io, inā koa i roto i ngā tamariki e tipu haere ana. Mēnā kāore e taea e koe te whiwhi i te nui o ēnei mea mā roto i tō kai, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ngā tāpiringa konupūmā, Huaora D rānei hei wāhanga o tō tiaki i Nirogi Lanka.
He mate pāwera te kore e manawanui ki te lactose?
Kāo. Ko te mate pāwera kai he tauhohenga pūnaha ārai mate e kitea hē ai e tō tinana he pūmua i roto i te kai hei tūmomo mōrearea, ā, ka tīmata he whakaeke hei tango atu. Mena he mate pāwera koe, ahakoa he iti noa te pūmua ka taea te whakaoho i tētahi tauhohenga kino, ā, ka puta wawe tonu i muri i te kai.
Ehara i te mea ko tō pūnaha nakunaku anake ngā pānga o ngā mate pāwera; ka puta hoki ngā tohumate puta noa i te tinana pērā i te pupuhi, te whewhe, te uaua rānei ki te manawa. Ahakoa ka pā te mamae o te puku, te whakapairuaki, me te ruaki, ka puta tonu ēnei i te wā e noho tonu ana te pūmua i roto i te puku i te tīmatanga o te tukanga nakunaku.
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te koretake o te lactose me te mate pāwera miraka
Ko te rerekētanga matua ko te mate pāwera ki te miraka he urupare ārai mate ki ngā pūmua miraka, engari ko te kore e manawanui ki te lactose he urupare a te pūnaha nakunaku ki te huka miraka e kiia nei ko te lactose. He tere tonu ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera, he kino pea, ā, i ētahi wā ka morearea te ora (he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te anaphylaxis ).
Ina raru tō pūnaha nakunaku ki te tukatuka i te huka pērā i te lactose, ka puta pea ngā tohu whakararuraru i te wā nakunaku, engari ehara i te mea morearea. Ka puta te rerenga mai o te wai me te hau i roto i tō whekau nui i te lactose kāore i nakunaku, ka arahi pea ki te mate korere, ki te pupuhi rānei, engari kāore e puta he tūmomo mōrearea nā te ārai mate ki tō haumaru.
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te koretake o te lactose me te koretake o te pūmua miraka
He rite ki te kore e manawanui ki te lactose, ka tīmata pea te kore e manawanui ki te pūmua miraka mā te kore e mimiti i roto i te whekau iti. Ina kore e taea e tō whekau iti te wawahi tika me te mimiti i ngā pūmua motuhake ( ko te Casein , ko te Whey rānei te tikanga), ka haere ēnei pūmua kāore anō kia nakunaku mā roto i te whekau.
Ko te rerekētanga ko ēnei pūmua kāore anō kia nakunaku ka taea te whakaoho i tō pūnaha ārai mate. I ngā wāhanga whakamutunga o te nakunaku, ka kitea pea e tō pūnaha ārai mate te pūmua hei mate pāwera, ka roa ai te urupare ārai mate. I roto i te wā, ka taea pea tēnei te whanake hei mate pāwera pūmua katoa.
Ehara te koretake o te lactose i te mate; he rerekētanga noa iho i roto i te mahi a ō tātou pūnaha nakunaku. Inaa, ko te kaha ki te nakunaku i te lactose i muri i te pēpi he urutaunga ira tangata hou. Ehara i te katoa tēnei āhuatanga, ā, he mea noa iho tēnā. He pono ka taea e koe te ora hauora, oraora me te koretake o te lactose.
Mena ka pāngia koe e te mamae o te pūnaha nakunaku e whakapaetia ana e koe he mea e pā ana ki ngā hua miraka, kei konei mātou hei āwhina. I Nirogi Lanka, ka taea e mātou te aromatawai mēnā ko ō tohumate he mea nā te koretake o te lactose, he take rānei kei raro iho, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakarite i tō momo noho hei whakahaere pai i ō tohumate.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He mea noa te mamae o te nakunaku i muri i te kai i ngā hua miraka, ā, e mōhiotia ana tēnei ko te kore e manawanui ki te lactose .
- Ko te tino take he ngoikore o te whākōkī lactase i roto i te tinana.
- He rerekē ngā tohu i ia tangata, i ia tangata; he mea nui kia tautuhia e koe te taumata o tō manawanui ki a koe anō.
- Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa lactase me ngā hua kore-lactose hei whakahaere i tō kai.
- Ahakoa ehara tēnei i te mate pāwera, ko te whakaiti i ngā kai miraka me āta whakaaro koe ki te nui o te konupūmā me te huaora D e kainga ana e koe.
- Mena he āwangawanga āu, ko te kōrero ki tētahi tohunga hauora te huarahi pai rawa atu. Kaua e manukanuka—he tino ngāwari te whakahaere i tēnei mate!
👩🏽⚕️ Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQs)
💬 He rite tonu te hyperparathyroidism ki te mate tairoiti (goiter)?
Kāo, ehara! He tino motuhake tēnei i tō repe tairoiti. Kei muri i tō tairoiti, e whā ō repe iti, rite ki te rahi o te pī, e kiia nei ko ngā repe 'parathyroid'. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he whakahaere i ngā taumata konupūmā i roto i tō toto. Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina kaha rawa te mahi a tētahi o ēnei repe, ā, ka nui rawa te homoni parathyroid e puta mai ana.
💬 He aha te pānga o te nui rawa o tēnei homoni ki tōku tinana?
Ina nui rawa te PTH, ka tukuna te konupūmā mai i ō wheua ki roto i ō toto (he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te hypercalcemia). I roto i te wā, ka ngoikore ō wheua (osteoporosis), ka pakarukaru, ka ngāwari hoki te whati. Heoi anō, ko te nui rawa o te konupūmā i roto i ō toto ka puta he kōhatu tākihi, ā, i te mutunga ka arahi pea ki te kino tuturu o te tākihi.
💬 He aha te maimoatanga tino whai hua, ā, he pumau tonu hoki?
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te take he tipu iti, ehara i te matepukupuku (adenoma) i runga i tētahi o ngā repe e whā. Nā tēnei, ehara te rongoā i te otinga. Ko te maimoatanga whakamutunga mō te whakaora 100% ko te pokanga motuhake, iti rawa te whakaekenga (parathyroidectomy) hei kimi me te tango i te repe e kaha rawa ana te mahi.
Nirogi Lanka: Te kore e manawanui ki te lactose, te nakunaku miraka, te pupuhi, te lactase, te kore miraka, te hauora nakunaku
