He ngoikore tō tirohanga? Me ako tātou mō te Tirohanga Iti.

Kei te ahua ngoikore tō tirohanga i ētahi wā? Ahakoa he mōhiti, he karaihe whakapā rānei tō kanohi, kāore pea koe e kite mārama? He uaua ki a koe te mahi i ō mahi o ia rā, te pānui pukapuka, te mātaki pouaka whakaata rānei? Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi kaupapa he mea nui pea ki a koe. Ko te āhua e kiia nei ko te "Tirohanga Iti".

He aha rawa te tirohanga iti?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho tēnei, he āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te "Tirohanga Iti" e puta ana ina he ngoikore tō tirohanga tuturu . Ko te tikanga, kāore e taea te whakatika katoa mā te mau mōhiti, te whakamahi i ngā "karihi whakapā", tae noa ki te pokanga kanohi. He maha ngā tākuta kanohi e whakaahua ana i tēnei āhuatanga "Tirohanga Iti" he ngoikore tirohanga ngawari ki te kino. I runga i te nui o te ngoikore, ka taea e ia te whakararu i ō mahi o ia rā, pērā i te taraiwa, te pānui pukapuka rānei.

Kua rongo pea koe i ngā kupu pēnei i te "tiro hapa" me te "matapo ture." He whakamāramatanga motuhake ēnei e taka ana i raro i te pane whānui o te "tiro iti." Engari mā ēnei anō hoki e whakatau mēnā kei te tika koe mō ngā ratonga mātauranga motuhake, mō te hauātanga rānei.

Ko te mea nui, ehara te '(Tirohanga iti)' i te ngaronga katoa o te tirohanga . He iti noa te tirohanga e toe ana. Kei reira ngā '(Ratonga whakaora tirohanga)' hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i taua tirohanga e toe ana. Ka taea e te tohunga te āwhina i a koe ki te kimi i ngā '(āwhina tirohanga iti)' e tika ana māu, hei āwhina hoki i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō oranga kia māmā ake.

Me pēhea te ine i te iti o te tirohanga i roto i te whakamātautau koi tirohanga?

Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga matua e whakamahia ana e tātou ina whakamātautau ana i ō tātou kanohi ko te "Snellen eye chart." Mā tēnei ka ine i te mārama o te tirohanga a te tangata i te 20 putu te tawhiti. Ko te tangata he tirohanga noa tōna e kiia ana he 20/20. Ko te tikanga ka taea e ia te kite mārama i te 20 putu te tawhiti.

Whakaarohia ko tō tirohanga he 20/70. Ko te tikanga tēnei ka taea e koe te kite i tētahi mea mai i te 20 putu te tawhiti, ā, ka taea e te tangata noa te kite mai i te 70 putu te tawhiti. E kiia ana tēnei taumata e te World Health Organization (WHO) he tirohanga iti ngawari. Ko te tirohanga 20/200, neke atu rānei, e kiia ana he tirohanga iti kino.

Engari kāore ngā tohunga kanohi e titiro noa ki tēnei tau. Tērā atu anō ngā whakamātautau hei ine i tō tirohanga whānui, pērā i te whakamātautau tirohanga whānui, kia kitea ai te tawhiti e taea ai e koe te kite i ngā taha e rua. Mēnā he 20 nekehanga, iti iho rānei tō tirohanga whānui, ka kiia hoki tēnā he tirohanga iti.

He mea nui: He iti te tirohanga o ētahi tāngata, engari ka taea te whakatika mā te whakamahi i ngā mōhiti, ngā karaihe whakapā, te pokanga rānei. Mēnā ka pai ake tō tirohanga i muri i te maimoatanga, kāore he iti o tō tirohanga. Ko te iti o te tirohanga he āhuatanga e mau tonu ana ahakoa kei te mau koe i ngā mōhiti.

He aha ngā tohu o te tirohanga iti?

He rerekē te pānga o te tirohanga iti ki te katoa. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e ēnei āhuatanga:

• Te ngaronga o te tirohanga matua: Te kore e taea te kite mārama i ngā mea kei mua tonu i a koe. He rite ki te mea kua pōuri te pokapū o te whakaahua.
• Te ngaronga o te tirohanga taha: Te ngaronga o te tirohanga huri noa i ngā kanohi, pērā i te titiro mā roto i tētahi ngongo.
• Te ngaronga o te māramatanga hohonu: Te kore e taea te aromatawai tika i te tawhiti i waenga i ngā mea. He uaua pea tēnei ina piki, ina heke rānei i ngā arawhata.
• Te ngaronga o te aro ki te rerekētanga: Te uaua ki te wehewehe i waenga i ngā mea kei roto i te papamuri o ngā tae ōrite. Hei tauira, tera pea he uaua ki te wehewehe i tētahi rīwai mā i tētahi pereti raihi mā.
• Te ngaronga o te tirohanga pō: Te ngaronga o te tirohanga i te pō i roto i ngā āhuatanga mārama iti.
• Te ngaronga o te ātete ki te kanapa: Ina kikorangi ngā kanohi, ā, kāore e kitea tetahi mea ina kitea ki te māramatanga kanapa .

Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te whakararu i a koe i roto i tō oranga o ia rā:

• He uaua ki te pānui pukapuka, niupepa, me ngā mea i runga i tō waea pūkoro.
• Kāore e taea te taraiwa .
• He uaua ki te mahi me te tunu kai i roto i te kīhini.
• He uaua ki te ako i te kura me te akomanga.
• Te kore e taea te kite mārama ina mātaki pouaka whakaata, ataata rānei.
• Te uaua ki te whakamahi i te rorohiko .
• Te uaua ki te mōhio ki ngā kanohi o te tangata .
• He uaua ki te kimi i tō ara, ina koa ka haere koe ki ngā wāhi hou, kāore i te mōhiotia .

Ngā tohu o te tirohanga iti i roto i ngā tamariki nohinohi

Mena he iti te tirohanga a tāu tamaiti, tera pea ka puta mai ngā tohu penei:

• Te tūtaki tonu ki ngā mea .
• Ka titiro tata rawa atu rātou ki ngā mea ki ō rātou mata .
• Te kimo haere tonu, te kimo rānei .
• Ka titiro tonu ahau me te katia o te kanohi kotahi, me te ringa rānei .
• Te āhua nei kei te pēpeke ōku kanohi, kāore e taea te pupuri i a rātou ki te wāhi kotahi .
• Kāore ngā kanohi e anga ana ki te taha kotahi .
• He rerekē te rahi o ngā wāhanga e rua o te kanohi , te āiri me te pupil .
• He hina, he mā rānei te āhua o te āiri me te kamo .

Mena ka kite koe i ēnei tohu, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta.

Ngā pānga taha o te ngoikore o te tirohanga tuturu

Mā te noho me te ngaronga tirohanga tuturu ka pā mai ngā pānga taha pēnei i:

• Te whakaiti i ngā mahi ā-tinana me ngā mahi pāpori.
• Te ngaronga o te mana motuhake, te ngaronga o te mahi rānei .
• He āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te "Charles Bonnet syndrome" e kite ai koe i ngā mea kāore i reira.
• Ngā raruraru hinengaro pērā i te manukanuka, te pouri rānei .

He aha te take o tēnei tirohanga iti?

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā mai ai te ngoikore o te tirohanga, tae atu ki ngā mate, ngā aituā, me ngā hapa whānau mai anō.

Ko ētahi o ngā take matua e kitea pinepinetia ana ko:

• Te ngoikore o te kanohi: He āhuatanga tēnei e ngaro haere ai tō tirohanga matua. Tērā pea ka kite koe i tētahi wāhi pōuriuri, pōuri rānei i waenganui o tō tirohanga. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pā ki te hunga neke atu i te 50 tau te pakeke.
• Te Katarata: He mate kanohi anō hoki tēnei e kitea whānuitia ana i te kaumātuatanga. He pōuri tēnei o te karu o te kanohi. He maha ngā wā ka taea te tango i tēnei mā te pokanga katarata). Heoi, kāore e taea e te katoa te pokanga.
• Glaucoma: He mate haere tonu tēnei e kino ai tō io whatu. I te tīmatanga ka pā ki te tirohanga taha me te tirohanga pō. Ki te kore e rongoatia tika, ka pāngia pea koe e te kino e kore e taea te whakatika.
• Retinopathy e pā ana ki te mate huka: He raruraru tēnei o te mate huka e turuturu ai te wai mai i ngā oko toto o te kanohi, ka pēhi i te retina, ā, ka kino pea i te mutunga.
• Retinopathy o te whānautanga wawe: Ka taea e ngā pēpi i whānau wawe, ā, i rongoatia i roto i ngā incubator te whakawhanake i ngā oko toto rerekē i roto i ō rātou retina. I roto i ētahi wā iti, ka taea e tēnei te whakararu tuturu.
• Āmiopia / kanohi mangere: He hapa whānau tēnei. He pōuri te tirohanga o tētahi kanohi. I te mea ka taunga te roro o te tamaiti ki te kanohi pai, ā, ka wareware ki te kanohi ngoikore, ka tīmata te neke haere o taua kanohi ki te taha.

Ko ētahi atu take ko:

• Ngā hapa tirohanga: Ka pāngia te āhua o te kanohi e ēnei, ka puta te tirohanga tata, te tirohanga tawhiti rānei. Ahakoa ka taea te whakatika i ēnei, ka kino haere pea mēnā kāore e rongoatia.
• Trachoma: He mate huakita tēnei. Ka whero pea ngā kanohi, ka pakaru hoki. Koinei tētahi o ngā tino take o te ngaronga o te tirohanga i te ao, inā koa i ngā whenua whakawhanake.
• Te matapōkere (ngā kanohi hē te tūnga): He raruraru kei ngā uaua e neke ana i ngā kanohi. I te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata i te wā pēpi, i te wā tamarikitanga rānei.
• Te Nistagmus:He āhuatanga tēnei e tere haere ai ngā kanohi, ā, kāore e taea te whakahaere, e kore ai e taea te arotahi ki tētahi wāhi. Tērā pea ka kitea i te whānautanga mai, ka whanake rānei i muri mai i te ao.
• Retinitis pigmentosa: He rōpū mate kanohi tuku iho tēnei. Ka mutu te mahi tika a te retina. Ka puta pea i ngā whakarerekētanga ira maha.
• Te retinopati toto toto tiketike: Ka taea e te toto toto tiketike mo te wa roa te whakararu i te rere o te toto ki nga whekau, tae atu ki te retina. Ko te ngaronga o te tirohanga pea te tohu tuatahi o te raru rere toto.
• Te wetewete o te retina: He āhuatanga kino engari kāore he mamae. Ka wehe te retina i ōna kiko tautoko. Ka taea e ia te whakararu i te tirohanga ohorere, tuturu.
• Te ngoikore haere o te io whatu: Ka ngoikore haere te io whatu. Ka puta pea tēnei i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki ngā aituā, ngā mate pāwera, me ngā raruraru rere toto.
• Ngā whara kanohi: Ka taea e te whara kanohi kino te whakararuraru tuturu, ina koa mēnā kāore i te kitea, i te rongoatia hoki. Kia tūpato mēnā ka pāngia koe e ngā raruraru tirohanga i muri i tētahi aituā.
• Ngā whara o te roro: Ka taea e te whara nui o te upoko, te whiu rānei, te kino o te roro, ā, ka pā ki te tirohanga. Tērā pea ka puta anō hoki ngā tohu pēnei i te ānini me te whanoke, me ngā raruraru tirohanga.
• Te korenga o te huaora A: He mea nui te huaora A mō te tirohanga. Ki te kore e nui te huaora A e whiwhihia ana e koe mai i tō kai, ki te kore rānei e taea e tō tinana te mimiti, ka pōrearea pea tō tirohanga. Ko te matapo pō te tohu tuatahi.
• Matepukupuku kanohi: He tino onge ngā momo matepukupuku kanohi katoa, engari ka taea e rātou te whakararu i te tirohanga. Ka taea hoki e ngā maimoatanga hei tango i te matepukupuku te kino, te tango rānei i ngā wāhanga o te kanohi, ka whakararu i te tirohanga.

Me pēhea te mohio ki te iti o te tirohanga?

Ka taea e te tākuta kanohi te tātari i tō ngoikoretanga tirohanga mā te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tirohanga maha. Māna koe e kī atu he aha te raruraru, te kaha o te raruraru, me te mea ka taea te rongoā. Mena he āhua kino, he kore e taea te whakatika, ā, he nui te pānga ki tō oranga, kātahi ka tātaritatia ko te "Tirohanga Iti".

He tino taumaha te whiwhinga o tētahi tātaritanga pēnei, ina koa mēnā kāore koe i te mōhio ki te kino o tō tirohanga e kore e taea te whakatika. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te maha o ngā tauhohenga, tae atu ki te ohorere, te pōhēhē, te kore āwhina, te whakakorekore, te riri, me te pouri. He mea maori katoa tēnei.

Me pēhea te rongoā a ngā tākuta kanohi i te ngoikore o te tirohanga?

Ina kite koe i tētahi tākuta kanohi e tohunga ana ki te tirohanga pōuri, ka hoatu e ia he whakamātautau motuhake e kiia nei ko te 'whakamātautau tirohanga pōuri.' Tuatahi, ka tangohia e ia he hītori katoa o tō hauora kanohi, kātahi ka pātai atu ki a koe me pēhea te pānga o tō āhua o nāianei ki tō oranga.

Ka pātai atu ia ki a koe me pēhea te pānga o te tirohanga iti ki ēnei mea mōu:

• Ngā mahi kura, ngā mahi rānei.
• Te pānui me te whakamahi rorohiko.
• Te taraiwa.
• Ngā mahi o te kīhini.
• Te mōhio kanohi.
• Te kaha ki te haere.
• Ngā hākinakina me ngā mahi wātea.
• Te āhua hinengaro me te oranga pāpori.

Ka tirohia hoki e te tākuta ō kanohi me tō tirohanga kia tirohia ai ngā huringa o tō āhua. Ka whakamahia e rātou he "kaupapa whakamātautau tirohanga iti" motuhake hei ine i tō koi tirohanga.

Akene me tirotiro e koe tēnei:

• Te mara o te tirohanga.
• Te mahi a ngā uaua o te kanohi.
• Te aro ki te kanapa.
• Te kaha ki te wehewehe i te tae (Te aro ki te rerekētanga).
• Te tirohanga pō.
• Te tirohanga tae.
• Te māramatanga hohonu.
• Te pūkenga pānui.

I runga i ngā hua o tō whakamātautau, ka waihangahia e te tohunga mō te tirohanga iti he mahere maimoatanga whaiaro e pā ana ki ō wero me ō hiahia. Ka whakaratohia e rātou he rauemi me ngā taunakitanga hei āwhina i a koe ki te urutau me te whakanui ake i te kounga o tō oranga.

Whakaora i te Tirohanga

Ko te maimoatanga mō te tirohanga iti e kiia ana ko te 'whakaora tirohanga'. Ko te whāinga o tēnei maimoatanga he whakahoki i tō tirohanga ki tōna taumata pai rawa atu, me te āwhina i a koe kia noho motuhake me te tirohanga kei a koe. Ka uru atu pea ki tēnei he maha ngā rauemi.

Tērā pea kei roto i tō mahere:

Ngā taputapu me ngā āwhina mō te tirohanga iti

Tērā pea ka kitea e koe ēnei he whai hua:

• He whakahaunga mō ngā mōhiti, ngā karaihe whakapā rānei.
• Ngā whakanui whatu, ngā karu tiro rānei.
• Ngā whakanui hiko me ngā kaipānui mata.
• Ngā hua he nui ngā momotuhi me te rerekētanga tae.
• Hangarau pānui reo-ki-te-kuputuhi me te oro.
• Ngā taputapu kāinga e rangona ana.

Te whakangungu mahi me te tautoko

Tērā pea ka kitea e koe he whai hua tēnei:

• Ko te mahi whakaora ā-ringa he ako ki te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā i ngā huarahi hou.
• He tohunga nekenekehanga hei āwhina i a koe ki te ako i te nekeneke haere.
• He kaiako whakaora e whakaako ana i ngā pūkenga ora takitahi.
• Mātauranga motuhake, ratonga mahi rānei.
• Te tuku tohutohu, te whakaora hinengaro rānei hei pupuri i te hauora hinengaro.
• Ngā rōpū tautoko ka taea e koe te hono atu ki ētahi atu e pōuri ana te tirohanga.

Me pēhea taku noho me te tirohanga iti?

Ehara i te mea ko te hunga katoa he iti te tirohanga ka rapu ratonga whakaora, engari he tokomaha ka whai hua nui mai i aua ratonga. He nui ngā rauemi e wātea ana ki a rātou, mai i ngā taputapu whai hua, ngā tohutohu, me ngā rautaki ki ngā pūnaha tautoko pāpori me te hinengaro.

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te urutau ki tētahi hauātanga, engari he māmā ake te mahi mā te āwhina a ētahi atu i te ngana ki te mahi ko koe anake. Kia mahara, ahakoa ō wero, kua pā mai tētahi atu ki mua i a koe. Kua kitea e ētahi atu ngā otinga me ngā huarahi hei whakatau i a rātou, ā, ka taea e koe te whakapuaki i aua mea ki a rātou.

Ka taea e au te ārai i te kino o te tirohanga tuturu?

Ko te huarahi pai hei ārai i te kino o te tirohanga tuturu ko te tirotiro i ngā kanohi i ia wā , me te toro atu ki te tākuta tonu mēnā ka kite koe i tētahi mea rerekē. Ahakoa kāore e taea te ārai i ngā take katoa o te tirohanga iti, he maha ka taea te rongoā mēnā ka kitea wawe .

He aha te tikanga o te 'kite wāhanga'?

He maha ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i te kupu "kite wāhanga" hei tikanga whānui, arā, he tangata he ngoikore te tirohanga. Engari i ētahi wā, he tikanga motuhake ake. I ēnei wā, he tikanga pēnei i te "kite iti ngāwari" (te koi o te tirohanga 20/70, neke atu rānei).

I ētahi whenua, ka taea e koe te rēhita ki te kāwanatanga hei "tirotiro wāhanga-kore" hei whiwhi i ētahi painga. Mena he iti tō tirohanga, ka tohua koe hei "tirotiro wāhanga-kore". I roto i te pūnaha mātauranga, ko te "tirotiro wāhanga-kore" te tikanga he tika koe mō ngā ratonga mātauranga motuhake.

Ahakoa ka tīmata mai i te whānautanga, he maha ngā tāngata ka heke haere te tirohanga – i ētahi wā ka tino pōturi rawa, ā, kāore rātou e mōhio. Ahakoa he mātua koe, he ākonga, he kaimahi, he tangata kua reti rānei, he uaua te whakatau i te ngaronga o te tirohanga.

Kāore he tangata i rite mō te oranga me te tirohanga iti, engari he tokomaha i mua i a koe kua urutau pai ki tēnei āhuatanga, ā, kua whakamārama i te ara whakamua. Kia maumahara, ehara i te mea ko koe anake – kei reira tō tīma tiaki ngaio me tō hapori hei āwhina i a koe me ā rātou wheako.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

Āe, kua mārama kē koe ki tā tātou i kōrero ai, arā, te "(Tirohanga Iti)" me te tirohanga iti. Anei ētahi mea nui hei maumahara:

• Ko te tirohanga iti he ngoikoretanga tirohanga tuturu e kore e taea te whakaora katoa, ahakoa mā te mōhiti, mā te pokanga rānei.
• Ehara tēnei i te matapo katoa. Kei te toe tonu ētahi tirohanga.
• Ka rerekē ngā tohu i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Kei roto i ēnei ko te ngoikore o te tirohanga o mua, te ngoikore o te tirohanga taha, me te uaua ki te pānui.
• He maha ngā take. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā mate pēnei i te mate huka, te katarata, te karuāra, ngā aituā, me ngā whānautanga hapa.
• He mea nui te kitenga wawe me te whakahaere tika. Mā te toro atu ki tētahi tākuta kanohi me te whiwhi ratonga "whakaora tirohanga" ka māmā ake te oranga.
• Kāore koe i te mokemoke. Tērā ngā tākuta, ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, me ngā rōpū tautoko hei āwhina.

Ki te whakaaro koe he raruraru tirohanga pēnei tōu, kaua e wehi, kaua hoki e whakama ki te toro atu ki tētahi tākuta kanohi. Mā te mahi wawe ka nui te rerekētanga ki tō oranga.

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