He rite tonu ō whakaaro me ō kare ā-roto? Me kōrero tātou mō te OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)!

Kei te mau tonu ō whakaaro i ētahi wā? Kei te tirotiro tonu rānei koe mēnā kua mahia e koe tētahi mea, kāore rānei? Hei tauira, ko ngā mea pēnei i te whakaweto i te oumu hau, te raka rānei i te tatau. He mea ēnei kei a tātou katoa i tētahi taumata. Engari mō ētahi tāngata, ko ēnei whakaaro me ngā mahi e mahia ana e rātou hei whakautu ki ēnei whakaaro ka pā ki ō rātou oranga o ia rā tae noa ki te wāhi kāore e taea e rātou te mahi. Koinei te wā me whakaaroaro hohonu ake tātou mō tēnei āhuatanga. Koinei te mea e kiia nei ko te `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)` `(OCD)` rānei i roto i te pūtaiao hauora.

He aha te OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)? He māmā noa iho...

I roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, ko te Mate Whakararu-Āwangawanga (OCD) he āhua e puta ai ngā whakaaro urutomo (e kiia nei ko ngā obsessions) he mea urutomo , he mea whakahou (e kiia nei ko ngā compulsions) hei whakamama i te ahotea me te manukanuka i puta mai i aua whakaaro. Ka taea e ēnei whanonga whakahou te whakararu i ō taunekeneke pāpori me ō mahi o ia rā.

He mate pumau tonu te OCD mō te wā roa, engari ka piki ake, ka heke rānei ngā tohu i roto i te wā.

Ka pāngia tātou katoa e ētahi momo 'pōrearea' me ngā 'whakahau' i tētahi wā o ō tātou oranga. Hei tauira, he mea noa te tirotiro anō kua whakawetohia te oumu, te tirotiro rānei kua raka te tatau. Ā, he maha ā tātou kōrero pēnei i te, "Kua pōrearea ahau." Engari he nui atu i tēnā te '(OCD)'. Ka taea e ia te moumou haora o te rā o te tangata. Ka whakararuraruhia ngā mahi o ia rā. Ko ēnei 'pōrearea' he whakaaro kāore e hiahiatia ana e te tangata whai '(OCD)' kāore e taea e rātou te whakahaere. Ā, kāore rātou e whiwhi i te harikoa mai i te mahi i ēnei 'whakahau'.

He rerekē te OCD me te OCPD?

He tokomaha te hunga e whakapoauau ana i ēnei ingoa e rua nā te mea he tino ōrite te tangi. Heoi, he rerekē rawa ngā mate e rua, arā, te `(Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - OCD)` me te `(Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - OCPD)`.

Ko te mate āwangawanga-whakaohooho (OCPD) he mate hinengaro e tohuhia ana e te hiahia kia tino tika, he hiahia ki te mahi i ngā mea katoa i roto i te tikanga tino tika, i runga i ngā ture, me te ngana ki te whakahaere i ngā mea katoa.

Ko te hunga whai OCD e mōhio ana he rerekē ā rātou whakaaro me ā rātou mahi, ā, he raruraru anō hoki tā rātou. E whakaae ana hoki rātou me rongoā rātou. Heoi, ko te hunga whai OCPD kāore e whakaaro he hē ā rātou whanonga, ā rātou whakapono rānei.

Ko wai te hunga e tino pāngia ana e tēnei mate OCD?

Ka taea e te tangata katoa te pāngia e te OCD. I te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata te mate i te 19 tau te pakeke. Tata ki te 50% o te hunga whai OCD ka pāngia e ngā tohu i te tamarikitanga, i te taiohitanga rānei.

He tino onge te pāngia o te tangata e te OCD i muri i te 40 tau te pakeke.

He pēhea te noa o te OCD?

He mate noa te Mate Whakararuraru-Ārai (OCD). E ai ki ngā pūrongo ka pāngia e te 1.6% me te 2.3% o te taupori whānui i te Hononga o Amerika. He tokomaha hoki ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e tēnei mate i Sri Lanka.

He aha ngā tohu o te OCD?

Ko ngā tohu matua o te OCD ko ngā āwangawanga (ngā whakaaro kāore e hiahiatia) me ngā akiaki (ngā mahi e mahia ana e koe hei whakautu ki aua whakaaro), i kōrerohia e tātou i mua ake nei. Ka taea e ēnei tohu te whakararuraru i tō mahi noa. Hei tauira, mā ēnei tohu ka kore pea koe e tae ki te mahi i te wā tika. Tērā pea ka roa ake tō whakarite mō te moe i te pō i te wā noa.

Tērā pea ka mōhio koe he raruraru ēnei tohu, engari kāore e taea te aukati. Ka taea e ngā tohu OCD te mura haere, te memeha haere, ka kino haere, ka pai haere rānei i roto i te wā.

Mena kei te pāngia koe, tāu tamaiti rānei e ngā tohu o te OCD e pā ana ki tō oranga o ia rā, he mea pai kia toro atu koe ki te tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu.

Ngā āwangawanga (ngā whakaaro kore e hiahiatia, ngā whakaaro whakararuraru) e puta ana i roto i te OCD

I roto i te OCD, ko ngā āwangawanga he whakaaro pokanoa, he whakaahua hinengaro rānei kāore e taea te whakahaere, ā, ka puta te nui o te mamae, te manukanuka rānei. He tokomaha te hunga whai OCD e mōhio ana he whakaaro koretake, he mea rerekē hoki ēnei.

Ko ētahi tauira noa o ngā 'pōrearea' ko:

• He wehi nui kei pā atu, kei mate rānei i ngā huakita, i te paru, i ētahi atu mea paru rānei. Whakaarohia, kei te wehi koe kei pā atu koe ki tētahi waea i runga i te pahi, kei te whakawhiti moni i roto i te toa, kei te rūrū ringa rānei.
• Te wehi kei whara koe i a koe anō, i ētahi atu rānei. Ina koa, ko ngā whakaaro pēnei i te, "Ki te kore au e tūpato, ka whara rānei ahau i tētahi?" "Ki te kore au e raka i te tatau, ka uru mai te tahae ki roto, ka whara i te whānau?" I ētahi wā, tera pea ka wehi kei mahi i tētahi mea tutu kāore e taea e rātou te whakahaere.
• Ko te hanganga o ngā whakaaro kāore e hiahiatia, kino rānei, ngā whakaahua hinengaro rānei e pā ana ki te taatai ​​i roto i te hinengaro. Ka puta mai ēnei me te kore whakaae a te tangata, ā, ka puta he mamae nui ki te hinengaro.
• Te wehi nui kei hē koe. Ki te hē koe, ahakoa he iti noa, ka nui te whakama.
• Te whakaaro nui ki te tika me te hē (tikanga matatika). Te whakaaro nui ki ngā mea katoa, te pātai "He tika tēnei? He hē tēnei?"
• Te whakapae tonu me te whakarihariha.
• Ko te hiahia nui kia tika, kia ōrite, kia kore he hapa o ngā mea katoa. He uaua ki te whakapono ka nekehia ngā pukapuka i runga i te tēpu me ngā kākahu i roto i te rūma kakahu ahakoa kotahi mirimita te rahi.
• Te hiahia tonu kia whakamanawa mai ētahi atu. Te pātai tonu, "I tika taku mahi i tēnei?" "I whakawetohia e au te oumu?"

Ngā akiaki (ngā mahi auau) e puta ana i roto i te OCD

I roto i te OCD, ko ēnei 'whakahau' he mahi auau e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi hei whakamama i te pēhanga me te wehi i puta mai i ngā 'whakaaro nui' kua whakahuatia ake nei, hei whakaora rānei i a koe.

Kāore te hunga whai OCD e hiahia ki te mahi i ēnei mahi akiaki, ā, kāore rātou e pai ki te mahi i aua mahi. Engari e whakaaro ana rātou mēnā kāore rātou e mahi i ēnei mea, ka piki ake te wehi me te ahotea i puta mai i aua whakaaro whakararuraru. Engari he wā poto noa te whakaora i ēnei mahi akiaki. I muri i tētahi wā, ka hoki mai ngā mahi akiaki ki te hinengaro, ā, ka whakamatautauria rātou ki te mahi anō i ngā mahi akiaki. He rite ki tētahi huringa.

He nui te wā e moumouhia ana e ēnei 'whakahau', ā, ka whakararuraru hoki i ngā mea nui e whakanuia ana e koe. Kāore e tika kia hono atu ēnei mahi ki tō 'whakahau'.

Ko ētahi tauira ko:

• Te whakarite i ngā mea katoa i roto i tētahi huarahi tino motuhake. Hei tauira, me whakarite e koe ngā mea me ngā pukapuka i runga i tō tēpu i roto i te raupapa kotahi, me te huarahi kotahi anō hoki. Ki te nekehia e koe, me tīmata anō koe i te tīmatanga.
• Te kaukau anō, te horoi, te horoi ringa. Ko ētahi tāngata e horoi ana i ō rātou ringa tekau ki te tekau mā rima ngā wā i te rā, me te mirimiri, me te mirimiri mō ngā meneti.
• Ko te kohikohi taonga ko te mahi kohikohi, te whakaemi rānei i ngā mea kāore he uara whaiaro, kāore hoki he uara pūtea. Ko ngā mea pēnei i ngā nūpepa tawhito me ngā pounamu kau ka purangahia, ā, kāore e taea te maka atu.
• Te tirotiro haere i ngā mea. Te tirotiro mēnā kua raka ngā tatau, kua tineia ngā rama, kua tineia te oumu hau. Ka puta atu ētahi i te whare, ka hikoi mō te wā poto, kātahi ka hoki mai ki te tirotiro.
• E ngana tonu ana kia kore tetahi e whara i ā rātou mahi.
• Te rapu tonu i te whakamanawa mai i ētahi atu.
• Ngā kawa e pā ana ki ngā tau. Hei tauira, te mahi i tētahi mea mō te maha o ngā wā (pēnei i te mahi i te toru, te mahi i te whitu), te pai rānei ki ētahi tau, te karo rānei i ētahi tau.
• Te whakahua i ētahi kupu, i ētahi inoi rānei i a koe e mahi ana i tētahi mahi kāore e pā ana ki tētahi mea.

Ka uru atu hoki ki ngā mahi akiaki te karo i ngā āhuatanga e whakaoho ana i ngā mahi akiaki. Hei tauira, te kore e rūrū ringa ki ētahi atu, te pā atu rānei ki ngā mea e pāngia ana e te tini tāngata, pērā i ngā kakau tatau.

He aha ngā take o te OCD?

Kāore anō kia tino mōhiotia e ngā kairangahau te pūtake o te OCD, engari e whakaaro ana rātou he maha ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki tēnei:

• Ira: Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mēnā he OCD kei roto i tētahi o te whānau (ngā mātua, ngā tuākana, teina rānei), he nui ake te mōrearea o ētahi atu ki te pāngia e te mate. Waihoki, mēnā kua pāngia tētahi o te whānau e te OCD i tōna tamarikitanga, i tōna taiohitanga rānei, ka nui ake te mōrearea.
• Ngā huringa o te roro:Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau whakaahua he rerekētanga kei roto i te cortex o mua me ngā hanganga subcortical e pā ana ki te hunga whai OCD. E pā ana hoki te OCD ki ngā āhuatanga neurological e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga rite o te roro, pērā i te mate a Parkinson, te mate a Tourette, me te mate haurangi.
• Te mate PANDAS: Ko te PANDAS he kupu whakarāpopoto mō "ngā mate hinengaro autoimmune tamariki e pā ana ki ngā mate streptococcal." E whakaahua ana i tētahi rōpū āhuatanga ka pā ki ētahi tamariki kua pangia e ngā mate kitakita streptococcal, pērā i te korokoro strep, te kirika whero rānei. Ko te OCD tētahi o ēnei āhuatanga.
• Te mamae o te tamarikitanga: E whakaatu ana ētahi rangahau i te hononga i waenga i ngā wheako mamae pēnei i te tukino me te kore aro i te tamarikitanga me te whanaketanga o te OCD.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te OCD?

Kāore he whakamātautau motuhake hei tautuhi i te OCD. Ka tautuhia e te tākuta te mate i muri i te pātai atu ki a koe mō ō tohu, hītori hauora, me tō hītori hauora hinengaro. Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā paearu mai i te Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) hei tautuhi i te OCD.

Ko aua paearu ko:

• Te whai i ngā 'whakaaro pōrearea' (ngā whakaaro kāore e hiahiatia), ngā 'ākiaki' rānei (ngā mahi i mahia hei whakautu i aua whakaaro), ngā mea e rua rānei.
• Neke atu i te kotahi hāora ia rā te roa o ēnei 'pōrearea', ngā 'akiaki' rānei.
• Ka puta te ahotea nui i ēnei pōrearea, i ēnei akiaki rānei, ka whakararuraru rānei i ngā mahi pāpori, mahi, me ētahi atu mahi nui o te ao.
• Kāore ēnei tohu e puta mai i ngā raau taero, te waipiro, ētahi atu rongoā, tētahi atu mate tinana rānei.
• Kāore e taea te whakamārama i ēnei tohu e tētahi atu mate hinengaro (hei tauira, te mate manukanuka whānui, te mate kai, te mate tirohanga tinana).

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō te OCD?

Ko te mahere maimoatanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te OCD ko te hinengaro hinengaro (te kōrero whakaora) me te rongoā.

Mena kāore ēnei maimoatanga e whakaora i ō tohumate OCD, ā, he kino rawa atu ō tohumate, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i tētahi maimoatanga e kiia nei ko te Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Hinengaro whakaora mō te OCD

He momo tikanga maimoatanga te hinengaro whakaora hei āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi me te whakarerekē i ō kare ā-roto, ō whakaaro me ō whanonga kino. Ka mahi tahi koe me tētahi tohunga hauora hinengaro , pērā i tētahi tohunga hinengaro.

He maha ngā momo rongoā hinengaro. Ko ngā tikanga tino whai hua, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te OCD ko:

• Te Whakaora Hinengaro Whanoke (CBT):I roto i te CBT, ka āwhina te kaiwhakaora hinengaro i a koe ki te tirotiro me te mārama ki ō whakaaro me ō kare ā-roto. I roto i ētahi wā, ka taea e te CBT te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarerekē i ō whakaaro kino, ki te whakamutu i ō whanonga kino, me te whakauru i ngā huarahi hauora hei whakatau i tō āhuatanga. Whakaarohia he whakapono hē kei roto i tō hinengaro, pērā i te "Ki te pā ahau ki te tatau, ka pāngia ahau e te mate," ā, ka pātai koe ki a koe anō mēnā he pono, ā, mēnā he pūtake pūtaiao kei roto.
• Te Ārai i te Whakamārama me te Urupare (ERP): He wāhanga anō hoki tēnei o te CBT. I roto i tēnei, ka āta whakaatu te kaiwhakaora i a koe ki te āhuatanga, ki te whakaaro rānei e wehingia ana, engari kāore e tukua kia mahi koe i te akiaki (te mahi auau) e mahia ana e koe hei whakautu. Hei tauira, ka tonoa pea koe kia pā atu ki tētahi mea e whakaaro ana koe he paru, kātahi ka mutu te mahi i taua mea ina ngana koe ki te horoi i ō ringaringa. Ina kei roto koe i tēnei āhua mataku, ā, kāore he mea kino e puta, ka mōhio koe he whakaaro noa iho ō whakaaro mataku, ā, ehara i te mea tūturu. He maimoatanga uaua tēnei, engari he tino whai hua mō te OCD.
• Te Whakaora Whakaae me te Whakapūmau (ACT): Ka āwhina a ACT i a koe ki te whakaae he whakaaro noa iho ō whakaaro pōrearea, ā, ka whakaiti i tō rātou mana. Ka taea e te kaiwhakaora ACT te āwhina i a koe ki te ora i tētahi oranga whai tikanga ahakoa ō tohu OCD. Arā, hei utu mō te whawhai ki ēnei whakaaro, ka taea e koe te whakaae ka haere mai, ka haere atu, ka arotahi ki ngā mea o tō koiora he mea nui ki a koe.

Ka taea hoki e ngā tikanga whakarei ake i te aro nui pērā i te whakaaroaro me ngā tikanga whakangā te āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohumate.

Rongoā mō te OCD

Ka āwhina ngā rongoā e kiia nei ko ngā Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs), ngā Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), me ngā tricyclic antidepressants ki te rongoā i te OCD. Ka mahi rātou mā te whakataurite i te mahi a te neurotransmitter serotonin i roto i te roro.

Ko te nuinga o ngā tākuta e tohu ana i ngā SSRI mō te OCD. He nui ake te horopeta o ēnei i ērā e whakamahia ana mō te manukanuka, te pouri rānei. Ko ētahi o ngā SSRI kua whakaaetia e te U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ko:

• `(Fluoxetine)`
• `(Fluvoxamine)`
• `(Paroxetine)`
• `(Sertraline)`

E waru ki te tekau mā rua wiki pea te roa o te mahi a ēnei rongoā. Nō reira, kaua e mutu te tango ohorere nā te mea kāore e mahi. Me haere tonu te tango i a rātou e ai ki ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta.

He aha te matapae mō te OCD?

Ka rerekē te tirohanga a te tangata ki te tangata mō te OCD. He maha ngā wā ka noho te OCD hei mate mō te wā roa, ā, ka mutu, ka mutu.

Heoi, ka tino pai ake te kounga o te oranga o te hunga whai OCD e whiwhi ana i te maimoatanga tika.Ka pai ake hoki ā rātou whanaungatanga pāpori, mahi kura, mahi rānei.

Ki te kore koe e whiwhi maimoatanga, ka uaua te wawahi me te rongoā i tēnei huringa o ngā hiahia me ngā whakahauhau, nā te mea ka puta ngā huringa hanganga i roto i tō roro i roto i te wā. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora i te wā e taea ai mēnā ka tīmata koe, tō tamaiti rānei ki te pāngia e ngā tohu.

Ka taea e au te ārai i te OCD?

Engari, kāore he huarahi hei ārai i te OCD. Heoi, mā te tautuhi wawe me te maimoatanga ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā tohu me te pānga ki tō oranga.

Mena kei a au te OCD, me pēhea taku tiaki i a au anō?

Haunga te rapu maimoatanga hauora mō te OCD, ka taea hoki e te tiaki i a koe anō te āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i ō tohumate. Hei tauira:

• Moe pai. Moe mō te 7-8 hāora i te rā.
• Whakakorikori tinana i ngā wā katoa. Me mahi tetahi mea pēnei i te hikoi, te oma, te kaukau rānei.
• Kai i tētahi kai hauora. Kai atu i ngā huawhenua, ngā hua rākau, me ngā kai ma.
• Whakapaua te wā ki te hunga e arohaina ana e tautoko ana i a koe, e mārama ana hoki ki tō OCD.
• Whakaharatauhia ngā tikanga whakangā. Ngā mea pēnei i te whakaaroaro, te yoga, te mirimiri, me te tirohanga.
• Hono atu ki ngā rōpū tautoko mō te hunga whai OCD. Ka taea ēnei te mahi ipurangi, te kanohi ki te kanohi rānei. He tino whakamana te kōrero ki te hunga kua pā ki ngā āhuatanga ōrite ki a koe.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki taku tākuta mō te OCD?

Mena kua tāpaetia koe, tāu tamaiti rānei ki te Mate Āwangawanga-Ārai, me toro atu koe ki tō tākuta me/ranei ki te tohunga hauora hinengaro i ia wā, kia mōhio ai kei te tika te mahi a tō maimoatanga.

Mena kei te tango rongoā koe mō te OCD, ā, kei te pāngia koe e ētahi pānga taha kino, kōrero ki tō tākuta.

Ko te mea nui hei maumahara ko tēnei: ​​He mate hinengaro te Mate Whakahāwea-Āwangawanga (OCD). Pērā i ngā mate hinengaro katoa, mā te rapu āwhina i te wā tonu ka kite koe i ngā tohu ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te whakararuraru ki tō oranga. Ka taea e ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga hauora hinengaro te whakarato mahere maimoatanga hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i ō āwangawanga me ō hiahia.

Ngā mea tino nui me mōhio koe (Karere hei kawe ki te kāinga)

• Ko te mate āwangawanga-whakaohooho (OCD) he mate hinengaro e tohuhia ana e ngā whakaaro urutomo (ngā āwangawanga) me ngā whanonga auau (ngā āwangawanga) hei whakamama i te mamae i puta mai i aua whanonga.
• Ehara tēnei i te mea e kīia ana e tātou, "He nui rawa aku whakaaro mō te tangata kē atu," engari he mea nui ake, ā, e pā ana ki te oranga o ia rā.
• He rerekē ngā kupu '(OCD)' me '(OCPD)'.
• Ahakoa kāore i te mōhiotia ngā tino take, tera pea he pānga nui tō ngā ira, ngā huringa o te roro, ētahi mate pāwera, me ngā wheako o te tamarikitanga.
• Ko te hinengaro whakaora (ina koa ko te `CBT` me te `ERP`) me te rongoā ngā maimoatanga matua.
• Mā te kitenga wawe me te maimoatanga ka pai ake te kounga o te oranga.
• Ki te pāngia koe, tētahi atu rānei e mōhio ana koe e ēnei tohu, kaua e whakama, kaua hoki e wehi ki te rapu tohutohu hauora. Kāore koe i te mokemoke, ā, ko te rapu āwhina he tohu o te kaha.

` OCD, Mate Āwangawanga-Ārai, Hauora Hinengaro, Whakaaro Whakauru, Mahi Whakahoki, Manukanuka, Maimoatanga