He pātai āu mō te Schizophrenia? He aha te 'Paranoid Schizophrenia'? Me whakamārama katoa!

Kua rongo pea koe i te ingoa 'Paranoid Schizophrenia', tika? Tērā pea kua kōrerotia e tētahi ki a koe. Engari i mōhio koe, kāore ngā tākuta e whakamahi nui ana i taua ingoa i ēnei rā. Nō reira, he aha rawa te Schizophrenia? He mea hei wehi māu? Me kōrero tātou mō tēnei i tēnei rā i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā e mārama ai koe.

Kāore ianei te kupu 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' e whakamahia ana i ēnei rā? He aha rā te Schizophrenia?

He kupu tawhito te 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' kāore e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta i ēnei rā. I mua, i whakamahia te ingoa hei whakaahua i tētahi momo schizophrenia. Arā, ko te hunga i whakaatu i ngā tohu e whakaatu ana i te whakapae kaha kei te rapu ētahi atu i te whara i a rātou (paranoia) i te whakapono rānei ki ngā mea kāore e taea e rātou te whakaae ahakoa i kīia atu kāore i te pono ('delusions').

Engari ināianei, i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao hauora, kua rerekē tēnei whakarōpūtanga. I te tau 2013, i te wā i whakahoutia ai e te American Psychiatric Association tā rātou pukapuka tātaritanga, te `Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition` (DSM-5), ā, i te tau 2019, i whakahoutia ai e te World Health Organization tā rātou whakarōpūtanga o ngā mate o te ao, te `International Classification of Diseases 11th edition` (ICD-11), i tangohia e rātou tēnei whakarōpūtanga e kiia nei ko te `Paranoid Schizophrenia`.

E whakaaro ana ngā tākuta inaianei ko te schizophrenia tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te psychosis, arā, ko te ngaronga o te hononga o te hinengaro ki te ao tūturu. Arā, he mate nui kotahi, he maha ngā tohu rerekē. Kāore i te wehewehea kia rite ki ngā momo āhua o mua.

Ko wai ka pāngia e tēnei mate? He pēhea te noa o tōna pānga?

Ko te tikanga ka tīmata te mate hinengaro i roto i ngā tāne i waenga i te 15 me te 25 tau te pakeke. Mō ngā wāhine, ka tīmata i waenga i te 25 me te 35 tau te pakeke. Heoi, ehara i te mea ka pā ki tētahi taha anake. Ka taea e ngā taha e rua te pāngia. He tino onge te mate hinengaro i roto i ngā tamariki nohinohi, engari ka pā. He tino kino te nuinga o te wā.

Ehara tēnei i te mate o ia rā, engari he mate kua rongohia e te tini tāngata. E ai ki ngā tohunga, tata ki te 85 o ia 10,000 tāngata ka pāngia e tēnei mate i roto i ō rātou oranga. I te ao whānui, tata ki te 2.77 lakh ngā kēhi hou ka kitea i ia tau.

He aha ngā mea ka pā ki te tinana me te hinengaro ina whanake te mate schizophrenia?

He mate hinengaro te schizophrenia e pā ana ki te mahi a ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō roro. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pā ki te huarahi e whakaaro ai koe, e mahara ai, e wheako ai koe i ngā mea. He uaua ki te hunga whai schizophrenia te wehewehe i waenga i te mea tūturu me te mea kāore. He maha ā rātou kitenga me ā rātou rongonga i ngā mea kāore i te tūturu (whakaaro pōhewa) ā, he tino whakapono ki ngā mea kāore i te tūturu (whakaaro pohehe). Tērā pea he whakaaro pōrearea hoki ā rātou, ā, kāore e taea e rātou te whakaaro mārama.

He aha ngā tohu matua o te Schizophrenia?

E toru ngā wāhanga o te mate hinengaro e ahu whakamua ana. I te wāhanga tino kino o te mate, ka pāngia pea koe e tētahi o ēnei tohu matua e rima:

• Ngā Mānumanu: He whakapono teka ēnei e kore e taea te whakarerekē, ahakoa te nui o ngā whakaaro, ngā taunakitanga rānei e tukuna ana.
• Te moemoeā: Ko ngā wheako o te kitenga, te rongonga, te rongo rānei i ngā mea kāore i te tino kitea.
• Kōrero pōhēhē, kōrero koretake rānei: Tērā pea ka momotu ngā mea e kōrerotia ana tetahi i tetahi. Tērā pea ka whakamahia ngā kupu kāore e mārama.
• Ngā whanonga pōrearea, rerekē rānei: Ngā mea pēnei i te mahi rerekē, te kore e aro ki tōna ake horoi.
• Ngā tohu kino: Koinei te whakahekenga o ngā mea e tumanakohia ana mai i te tangata, pēnei i te whakaatu i ngā kare ā-roto, te hiahia, me te whakahoahoa.

Paranoia me pēhea te whakaatu

Ahakoa i mua ko te 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' te ingoa, he maha ngā wā ka kitea te paranoia me te schizophrenia. Ko tēnei paranoia he tauira o te kore whakawhirinaki ki ētahi atu, te whakapono kei te ngana te katoa ki te whara i a koe, ā, kei te whanonga i runga i tēnā.

Ko te nuinga o tēnei whakapae ka puta ake i ngā tohu e rua e kiia nei ko ngā 'whakapono teka' me ngā 'whakaaro pōhewa' (te kitenga/te rongonga i ngā mea kāore i reira).

• Ngā Mānukanuka: Koinei ngā mea i kōrerotia e au i mua ake nei, arā, ngā whakapono teka e kore e taea te whakarerekē ahakoa te nui o ngā taunakitanga e tukuna ana. Ko ngā mānukanuka e haere tahi mai ana me te ruarua he momo "whakatoi". Arā, e tino whakapono ana rātou kei te ngana tetahi ki te whara i a rātou, ki te pā kino ki ō rātou oranga. Whakaarohia, kei te whakaaro tetahi kei te paitini tetahi i tā rātou kai, kei te whakatakoto whakaaro rānei ngā hoa noho ki a rātou i te pō. He mānukanuka ēnei.
• Ngā Whakaaro Mōrearea: Ko ēnei ko te kitenga, te rongo rānei i ngā mea kāore i te tino kitea. Ina whakaaro pōrearea te tangata, kāore e taea e rātou te mārama ehara i te mea tūturu. He maha ngā wā ka whakakaha ake ēnei i ngā whakaaro pōrearea kua whakahuatia ake nei. Hei tauira, ka rongo pea te tangata i tētahi e hamama ana ki a rātou, kātahi ka whakaaro, "Āe, kei te ngana taua tangata ki te whara i ahau."

Te kore mōhio ki tōna ake āhua (Anosognosia)

Ko tētahi atu tohu noa o te schizophrenia ko te āhua e kiia nei ko te ``Anosognosia.'' Ka taea te whakaahua ngāwari i tēnei hei "kore mōhio ki tōna ake āhua." Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore e taea e te roro o te tangata te mārama kei a ia tētahi mate, ahakoa he tohu kei a ia, he tohu rānei kei a ia. He mea tino noa tēnei ki te schizophrenia, koia te take he nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga whai schizophrenia ki te whakakore i te maimoatanga me te kore e whakaae kei a rātou te mate.

He aha ngā pūtake o te mate hinengaro? He aha ngā mea motuhake hei whakaoho i te mate hinengaro?

Te whakawhanake i te schizophreniaKāore anō kia kitea he tino take. E whakapono ana ngā tohunga he maha ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana. Heoi, kāore e taea te tino mōhio ka pāngia koe e te mate hinengaro schizophrenia nā te mea kei a koe tētahi o ēnei āhuatanga. E toru ngā tino take kua tautuhia e rātou mō te mate hinengaro schizophrenia:

• Ngā rerekētanga matū kore taurite i roto i tō roro: Koinei ngā huringa o ngā matū (hei tauira, ngā neurotransmitters) e whakamahia ana hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau roro.
• Ngā raruraru roro whānau: Ko ētahi raruraru ka pā ki te whanaketanga o te roro i mua i tō whānautanga, i a koe e noho tonu ana i roto i te kōpū.
• Ngā raruraru whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro: Ka mahi tahi ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō roro. E whakapono ana ngā tohunga ka taea e te pakaru o ēnei hononga te arahi ki te mate hinengaro schizophrenia.

Hei tāpiritanga, he maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga e whakanui ake ana i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te schizophrenia. Kei roto i ēnei āhuatanga mōrearea ko ngā whakarerekētanga ira i tukuna mai i ngā mātua, te pānga ki ētahi matū, ngā raruraru i te wā e hapu ana, me te whakamahinga o ngā raau taero whakangahau. Heoi, kāore anō kia kitea he pūtake motuhake mō tēnei mate.

Ko te mea nui, ehara te mate schizophrenia i te mate hopuhopu. Kāore e horapa mai i tētahi tangata ki tētahi atu.

Me pēhea te tautuhi a ngā tākuta i tēnei mate?

Ko te tikanga, ka tātaritatia te mate hinengaro e te tohunga hauora hinengaro, pērā i te tohunga hinengaro. Ka whakamahia e rātou he huinga tikanga me ngā taputapu hei tātaritatia. Kei roto i ēnei tikanga ko te tātari i tō hītori hauora me tō hītori whaiaro, te pātai i ngā pātai mō ō wheako me ō tohu, me te tirotiro i ō whanonga me tō mahi.

Me whakakotahi ēnei tikanga katoa hei tautuhi i te mate hinengaro schizophrenia. Nā te mea, hei whakaū i te tautuhi, me whai i ēnei mea:

• Me rua pea ngā tohu matua e rima kua whakahuatia ake nei.
• Me roa ēnei tohu matua mō te iti rawa o te kotahi marama . Me roa hoki te pānga whānui mō te iti rawa o te ono marama .
• Kua pāngia pea tō oranga pāpori, tō mahi rānei e tētahi haukoti .

He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tautuhi i tēnei mate?

He maha ngā whakamātautau ka taea te mahi hei āwhina i te tautuhi i te mate schizophrenia. Ahakoa kāore e taea e ēnei whakamātautau te tautuhi tika i te mate schizophrenia, ka taea e rātou te āwhina ki te whakakore i ētahi atu āhuatanga, raruraru rānei ka puta ai ngā tohu rite.

Ko ētahi o ngā whakamātautau ka taea te mahi ko:

• Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua: Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā matawai CT me ngā matawai MRI.
• Ngā whakamātautau toto, mimi, me te wai o te tuaiwi ('Spinal tap`): Ka tirohia ēnei mō ngā mea pēnei i ngā huringa matū i roto i ngā wai o te tinana, te paihana konganuku taumaha, me ngā mate pāwera.
• Ngā whakamātautau mahi roro:Ka tātarihia, ka tuhia hoki e te electroencephalogram (EEG) ngā mahi hiko o tō roro. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakakore i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate haurangi.

He rongoā kei reira mō tēnei? Ka taea te whakaora?

He mate te schizophrenia ka taea te rongoā me te whakahaere, engari kāore e taea te whakaora. Ka taea e ētahi tāngata te ora katoa, ā, kāore e hoki anō ki te mate. Heoi, e kīia ana ēnei tāngata e ngā tohunga he "kei te whakamāmā" nā te mea kāore e taea te matapae mēnā ka hoki anō rātou ki te mate.

Ko te tikanga, ka rongoatia te mate hinengaro schizophrenia mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā tikanga maha, mā te whakakotahitanga, mā te wā kotahi rānei. Ko te rongoā, te hinengaro whakaora, me ngā tikanga whakahaere-whaiaro ngā mea tino nui. Mēnā ka whakamahia tika, ka whakamahia tonutia hoki ēnei tikanga e toru, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te mate. Mā te tātaritanga wawe me te maimoatanga wawe ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te putanga pai.

He aha ngā rongoā, ngā maimoatanga rānei e whakamahia ana?

Ko te rongoā te tūāpapa o ngā mahere maimoatanga mō te mate hinengaro kore. He maha ngā wā ka whiwhi te hunga whai mate hinengaro kore i ētahi atu maimoatanga hei whakarei ake i ngā pānga o te rongoā, hei āwhina hoki i a rātou.

E rua ngā momo rongoā matua e whakamahia ana hei rongoā i te schizophrenia: ko ngā 'rongoā antipsychotic tikanga' me ngā 'rongoā antipsychotic tikanga'. Hei tāpiri, tera pea ētahi atu rongoā ka āwhina tika ki te rongoā i te schizophrenia, ka whakaiti rānei i ngā pānga taha o ngā rongoā antipsychotic.

Ētahi atu maimoatanga, tikanga rānei hei āwhina:

• Hinengaro Whakaora: Mā te whakaora hauora hinengaro ka āwhina i te hunga whai mate schizophrenia ki te mārama me te aro atu ki tō rātou āhua. Ka taea hoki e ia te āwhina ki te whakahaere i ētahi atu raruraru hauora hinengaro ka puta mai i te schizophrenia, ka haere tahi rānei me rātou.
• Te rongoā hiko-ā-hiko (ECT): He tino āwhina tēnei mō te mate hinengaro kore e aro ki te rongoā, ina rānei kei te tūpono te tangata ki te whara i a ia anō, i ētahi atu rānei nā ngā tohumate hinengaro kino.

Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō, me pēhea rānei te whakahaere i ngā tohumate?

Kaua rawa koe e tātaritanga i a koe anō he mate schizophrenia, he mate rānei kei roto i tōu aroha, nā te mea ehara tēnei i te mea ngāwari ki te tātaritanga i ngā wā katoa. Me whai whakangungu me te wheako ki te tātaritanga tika. Waihoki, ka puta pea ngā tohu o tēnei mate me ētahi atu mate, pērā i te 'Paranoid Personality Disorder' me te 'Delusional Disorder'. Mō ēnei take katoa, me tātaritanga tēnei mate e te tākuta.

Mena he pātai āu mō te tere o tō oranga i muri i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, ko tō tākuta te puna kōrero pai rawa atu. Ka taea e ia te hoatu he whakatau tata tika ki a koe, me te whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga o tō oranga ka pā ki te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga. Ka kōrero atu hoki ia ki a koe mō ētahi atu kōwhiringa maimoatanga mena kāore te maimoatanga tuatahi e angitu.

Kia maumahara, he mate ohorere te whanaketanga o te mate hinengaro (schizophrenia). Nō reira, kāore e taea te ārai, te whakaiti rānei i te mōrearea o tōna whanaketanga.

Mena kei a au tēnei āhuatanga, he aha taku e tumanako ai?

He mate te schizophrenia ka tino whakararuraru i te oranga o te tangata nā te mea ka pā ki tōna whanaungatanga ki te ao tūturu. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, he uaua ki te tangata whai schizophrenia te mōhio he aha te pono, he aha te teka. He wheako whakamataku, he wheako pōhēhē hoki.

Ina pāngia te tangata e ngā whakaaro pohehe me ngā moemoeā, me te paranoia kua whakahuatia ake nei, he mea noa kia mataku, kia kore e whakawhirinaki ki ētahi atu. Tērā pea ka whakapono hē te tangata whai mate hinengaro schizophrenia ko te hunga e ngana ana ki te āwhina i a rātou kei te ngana ki te whara i a rātou.

Mā te maimoatanga, ka taea te whakahaere i te nuinga o te wā i te schizophrenia. Ki te kore he maimoatanga, ki te whakaroa, ki te mutu rānei te maimoatanga, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga whai schizophrenia ki te raru i ngā pānga o te mate. Ka pā kino pea tēnei ki ō rātou oranga, tae atu ki te mōrearea. Tērā pea ka uaua ki a rātou te pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga me te pupuri i tētahi mahi. Ka arahi pea tēnei ki ngā raruraru pēnei i te ngaronga o ō rātou kāinga me te noho mokemoke i te taha pāpori. He nui ake hoki te tūponotanga o te hunga whai schizophrenia ki te whakamomori. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te maimoatanga, engari ka taea hoki te whakaora i te ora.

He mate kore e taea te rongoā mō te wā roa o te mate hinengaro. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi tāngata e te mate hinengaro kotahi noa iho i roto i ō rātou oranga, kātahi ka mutu. Heoi, e whakaaro ana ngā tākuta he "whakamaarama" aua mate, kaua e ora, e kore rānei e ea. Nā te mea ka taea e ngā tohu te hoki mai anō me te kore e tumanakohia.

Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō?

Mena kei a koe te mate hinengaro schizophrenia, ko te tiaki i a koe anō me te whakahaere i tō mate he mea ka taea e koe te mahi. Ina koa ka hangaia e koe he whanaungatanga kaha, whakawhirinaki ki tō tākuta me ō whanaunga. Anei ētahi o ngā mea tino nui ka taea e koe te mahi hei tiaki i a koe anō:

• Tangohia tō rongoā kia rite ki te whakahaunga (kaua e mutu te tango me te kore e kōrero ki tō tākuta).
• Tirohia tō tākuta i ia wā (mā ēnei wā whakarite koe e āwhina ki te whakawhanake i te rongoā, i te mahere maimoatanga rānei e tino pai ana ki a koe).
• Kaua e warewarehia, kaua hoki e karohia ō tohumate.
• Āta karohia te waipiro me te whakamahi i ngā raau taero (ka kino ake pea ō tohumate, ka pā mai rānei ētahi atu raruraru).
• Kaua e wehi ki te tono āwhina. Hangaia he whanaungatanga ki ngā tāngata pono – inā koa ko ngā whanaunga me tō tākuta. Kaua e wehe atu i a rātou.

Haunga ngā rā e kīia ana kia kite koe i tō tākuta, me toro atu ki tō tākuta mēnā ka kite koe i tētahi panonitanga o ō tohumate, i tētahi panonitanga rānei o te whai huatanga o ō rongoā.

Ki te whakaaro koe ki te whara i a koe anō, ki te whakamomori, ki te whara rānei i ētahi atu, haere ki te hōhipera, waea atu rānei ki tētahi nama urupare tonu.

Me aha ahau mēnā kei te whakaatu taku hoa aroha i ngā tohu o te Schizophrenia, i tētahi atu mate rite rānei?

Nā te mea kāore e taea e te hunga whai mate hinengaro te kite i ō rātou tohumate, i ō rātou āhua rānei, he maha ngā wā kāore rātou e whakaaro me āwhina, me rongoā rānei rātou e te hauora. Ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru, te whakamataku hoki mō te tangata whai tohumate me te hunga e tiaki ana i a rātou.

Ki te kite koe kei te whakaatu tō hoa aroha i ngā tohu o te schizophrenia, i tētahi atu mate rite rānei, ka taea e koe te āwhina i a rātou mā ēnei huarahi:

• Pātai atu me pēhea e taea ai e koe te āwhina. Mā te whakarongo me te tuku i tō āwhina, ka taea e koe te pupuri i ngā ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia tuwhera tonu. Ka āwhina hoki i a rātou kia piripono ki ētahi atu.
• Whakatenatenahia rātou kia kite i tētahi e taea te āwhina. Ka taea e te maimoatanga mō te schizophrenia, inā koa te rongoā, te whakapai ake i ngā tohu o te tangata. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, he nui noa iho tēnā hei whakamōhio i a rātou he mate hauora tō rātou e hiahia ana kia arohia e te hauora.
• Kaua e whakahāwea, kaua hoki e tautohetohe. He uaua ki te hunga whai mate hinengaro schizophrenia te wehewehe i waenga i te pono me te teka. Kaua e whakahāwea i a rātou, kaua hoki e ngana ki te whakatenatena i a rātou kei te pāngia rātou e ngā moemoeā, e ngā whakaaro pohehe rānei. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki a koe, ā, ka piki ake ō rātou kare ā-roto whakapae.
• Kia marino. Ka pā kino pea te riri me te pōuri ki tō whanaungatanga ki tō hoa aroha e pāngia ana e te mate schizophrenia. Ka taea hoki e rātou te riri wawe i roto i ngā taiao haruru, pōrearea rānei. Ngāna ki te whiriwhiri i ngā taiao marino, marino. Me mahi i tāu e taea ai kia noho haumaru, kia noho whakamarie hoki rātou.
• Rapua he āwhina i roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere. Mēnā ka kōrero tetahi tangata whai mate hinengaro mō te whara i a ia anō, i ētahi atu rānei, mēnā rānei kei te whakaatu ia i te tino whakapae, te ohooho, te whanonga tutu rānei, me waea atu tonu koe ki tō nama āwhina ā-rohe.

Hei whakamutunga, he karere hei kawe ki te kāinga:

Ahakoa he kupu tawhito te 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' mō te mate, he wāhanga noa tonu te paranoia o ngā tohu e pā ana ki te tangata. He mate pōhēhē te Schizophrenia, he mate whakamataku hoki, e ngaro ai te hononga o te tangata ki te ao tūturu, ā, kāore e taea te wehewehe i waenga i te mea tūturu me te mea ehara.

Ina pāngia te tangata e te ruarua, tera pea ka uaua ki a rātou te whakawhirinaki ki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te āwhina i a rātou. Ka uaua pea tēnei ki te tautuhi me te rongoā i te mate. Heoi, mā te āwhina hauora, inā koa te rongoā, ka taea e te hunga whai mate schizophrenia te karo i ngā raruraru nui me te ora i ngā oranga whai hua. Mēnā kei te pāngia koe, e tō whanaunga rānei, tētahi o ēnei tohu, rapua he tohutohu hauora. Koinei te mea pai rawa atu ka taea e koe te mahi.

` Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Paranoid, Hauora Hinengaro, Hinengaro Pāwera, Ngā Mānukanuka, Ngā Whakaaro Hāmama, Te Maimoatanga, Anosognosia