Kodi mwamvapo za mabakiteriya oopsa a MRSA awa? (Staphylococcus aureus yosagonjetsedwa ndi Methicillin) Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane!

Mwina mwamvapo za "ma superbugs" awa m'nyuzipepala, pa TV, kapena nkhani ya wina, sichoncho? Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mabakiteriya ena omwe sakhudzidwa ndi maantibayotiki omwe timapereka pochiza matenda, ndiko kuti, amalimbana ndi matendawa. MRSA ndi imodzi mwa mabakiteriya owopsa pang'ono, ovuta kuchiza. Popeza izi zitha kukhudza anthu ambiri, tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za MRSA lero. Chifukwa, kudziwa zinthu ngati izi ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa inu ndi ine, kwa tonsefe.

Kodi MRSA ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la MRSA. Dzina lalifupi la MRSA lachokera ku dzina lalitali la Chingerezi lakuti `Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus`. Ngakhale dzinali lingawoneke lovuta pang'ono, mwachidule ndi ili: `Staphylococcus aureus` ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pakhungu lathu. Komabe, MRSA iyi ndi mtundu wapadera wa mabakiteriya a `Staphylococcus aureus`. Chodabwitsa pa izi ndikuti mabakiteriyawa amalimbana ndi maantibayotiki ena ambiri amphamvu, kuphatikizapo maantibayotiki `Methicillin`. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ndi mankhwala awa, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupha mabakiteriya a MRSA. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchiza ndizovuta.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa matenda a Staph wamba ndi matenda a MRSA ndi kotani?

Izi ndi vuto kwa anthu ambiri.

• Matenda a Staph: Awa akhoza kukhala matenda aliwonse oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Staphylococcus aureus . Ndi ofala kwambiri kuposa MRSA, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki wamba.
• Matenda a MRSA: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mtundu winawake wa mabakiteriya a Staph omwe, monga tanenera kale, sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda a MRSA ndi oopsa kwambiri komanso ovuta kuchiza.

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya matenda a MRSA?

Inde, matenda a MRSA akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu kutengera chilengedwe: 1. MRSA yopezeka pa chisamaliro chaumoyo (HA-MRSA): Mtundu uwu umafalikira kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali m'malo azaumoyo monga zipatala ndi malo osungira okalamba. 2. MRSA yopezeka m'dera (CA-MRSA): Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chawonedwa kwambiri kuyambira m'ma 1980. Chapadera ndichakuti imatha kufalikiranso mwa anthu athanzi omwe sanapite kuchipatala chilichonse kapena kuchipatala chilichonse. Nazi mitundu ina ya matenda omwe angayambitsidwe ndi MRSA:

• Matenda a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa (SSTIs): Ichi ndi chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri.
• Chibayo :Matenda omwe amakhudza mapapo.
• Matenda a mafupa ndi mafupa (Osteomyelitis): Amakhudza mafupa ndi mafupa.
• Matenda a bakiteriya m'magazi ( Bacteremia ): Mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'magazi. Uwu ndi matenda oopsa.
• Endocarditis : Matenda a mkati mwa mtima.

Kodi zizindikiro za MRSA ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za MRSA zimatha kusiyana kutengera komwe mwatenga kachilomboka. Komabe, zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Malungo.
• Ululu pamalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
• Kufiira, kusintha mtundu, kutupa, kupweteka, mafinya kapena madzimadzi odzaza pakhungu. Nthawi zina matenda a khungu a MRSA awa amatha kuoneka ngati kuluma kwa kangaude. Choncho muyenera kusamala.
• Chifuwa.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa).
• Kupweteka kwa minofu kapena mafupa.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, makamaka ngati pali chotupa pakhungu, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri kwa dokotala.

Kodi chimayambitsa MRSA ndi chiyani?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mabakiteriya a Staphylococcus aureus amakhalira osamva maantibayotiki.

• Nthawi zina izi zimachitika mwachibadwa m'chilengedwe.
• Nthawi zina, mabakiteriya amapanga njira zodzitetezera kuti apulumuke maantibayotiki, monga momwe amapangira chishango chodzitetezera ku mdani.
• Makamaka m'malo monga zipatala, kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pafupipafupi kungayambitse mabakiteriya kukhala osagonjetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya.

Methicillin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo okhudzana ndi penicillin. Ngakhale dzina lakuti MRSA limati "osamva methicillin," mitundu ya MRSA imakana mankhwala ena ambiri opha tizilombo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mitundu ina ya `Penicillin` (monga `Amoxicillin`, `Ampicillin`)
• `Cephalosporins` (monga `Cefepime`)
• `Carbapenems` (monga `Meropenem`, `Imipenem`)

Kawirikawiri, MRSA (HA-MRSA) yogwirizana ndi chipatala imakhala yolimba kwambiri ku maantibayotiki angapo kuposa MRSA (CA-MRSA) yogwirizana ndi community-associated MRSA.

Kodi MRSA imafalikira bwanji?

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Anthu ena ali ndi mabakiteriya a MRSA pakhungu lawo kapena m'mphuno mwawo, koma sadwala. Izi zimatchedwa kulamulira mabakiteriya m'thupi.Ngati muli ndi MRSA m'thupi lanu, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro, kuyezetsa mphuno kapena khungu kudzasonyeza kuti muli ndi MRSA. Muthanso kufalitsa MRSA kwa ena kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali nayo. Pali njira zingapo zomwe MRSA ingafalitsire:

• Kudzera mu kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka MRSA kapena amene ali m'dzikolo.
• Mwa kukhudza zinthu kapena malo okhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Nthawi zina MRSA imatha kukhala pamalopo kwa milungu ingapo!
• Mwa kugawana zinthu zanu zomwe zili ndi mabakiteriya. Mwachitsanzo, zofunda, zovala, zida zachipatala kapena zamasewera, matawulo, malezala, ziwiya zodyera, ndi zina zotero.
• Kudzera mu zipangizo zachipatala zoipitsidwa zomwe zimayikidwa m'thupi (monga chingwe chapakati cha mitsempha, chubu chopumira).

Inde, MRSA ndi matenda opatsirana. Amatha kufalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana kwa khungu ndi khungu kapena kukhudza malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya. Nthawi zina amatha kufalikira pakati pa achibale kapena anthu okhala m'nyumba imodzi.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga MRSA?

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a MRSA kuposa ena. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Anthu omwe amaika mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'thupi lawo.
• Anthu omwe amasewera masewera omwe amafuna kuyanjana kwambiri (monga rugby).
• Anthu ogwira ntchito ku chipatala.
• Anthu okhala pamodzi m'magulu (monga malo osungira asilikali, ndende).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake omwe amafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi (monga matenda a shuga, matenda a impso, HIV, khansa).
• Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chipangizo chachipatala chomwe chaikidwa m'thupi lawo (monga cholumikizira chopangidwa).
• Anthu omwe akhala nthawi yayitali kuchipatala kapena m'malo osamalira odwala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha MRSA ndi ati?

Ngati madokotala sangathe kuwongolera matenda a MRSA ndi maantibayotiki, zingayambitse mavuto aakulu. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Sepsis ndi septic shock: Iyi ndi njira yowonjezereka yomwe thupi limayankhira matenda. Izi zingayambitse kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwonongeka kwa minofu, komanso kulephera kwa ziwalo.
• Kulephera kupuma komanso kulephera kupuma.
• Kutayika kwa miyendo yodwala (kudulidwa ziwalo).

Zinthu ngati izi ndi chifukwa chake tiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi MRSA.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji MRSA?

Dokotala amazindikira matenda a MRSA mwa kutenga chitsanzo cha minofu ya thupi kapena madzi ndikutumiza ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Angayese kukulitsa (kukulitsa) mabakiteriya kuchokera ku chitsanzocho. Mitundu ya zitsanzo zomwe zingayesedwe ndi izi:

• Magazi.
• Minofu yochokera pabala.
• Mkodzo.
• Mafinya (mphuno yomwe imatuluka m'mapapo chifukwa cha chifuwa)

Nthawi zina madokotala amatenganso chitsanzo kuchokera pakhungu kapena mphuno (mphuno) kuti aone ngati MRSA yalowa m'thupi.

Kodi MRSA imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pochiza matenda a MRSA, madokotala amayang'ana kwambiri zinthu ziwiri zazikulu: 1. Kusamalira bwino mabala otseguka. 2. Kupeza mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mtundu wa MRSA womwe muli nawo. Mabala amachiritsidwa potulutsa mafinya pabala, ndipo nthawi zina opaleshoni imafunika kuchotsa minofu yodwala. Komanso, zinthu zopangidwa (monga mafupa opangidwa) zomwe zalowetsedwa m'thupi zimatha kuchotsedwa ngati zitapezeka ndi matendawa. Matenda oopsa a MRSA amachiritsidwa kuchipatala ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mitsempha (IV).

Maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a MRSA

Pali mitundu ingapo ya maantibayotiki omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa MRSA. Koma kumbukirani, awa ayenera kuperekedwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanena.

• `Vancomycin`
• `Rifampin`
• `Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)`
• 'Ceftaroline'
• `Linezolid`
• `Daptomycin`
• `Clindamycin`
• Doxycycline (Doxycycline)
• `Delafloxacin`

Nthawi zina MRSA imatchedwa "superbug" chifukwa imakana maantibayotiki ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchiza. Nthawi zina madokotala angasankhe kupereka maantibayotiki angapo nthawi imodzi kuti amenyane ndi mabakiteriyawa.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku MRSA?

Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amatsatira njira zosiyanasiyana zodzitetezera komanso zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti apewe matenda omwe amapezeka m'chipatala monga MRSA. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri.
• Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalo.
• Kuyeretsa zida zachipatala.
• Kuunika odwala ndi alendo m'zipatala ndi m'mabungwe azaumoyo.
• Kuika anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka MRSA m'malo obisika kumateteza kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kwa ena.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze ku MRSA (CA-MRSA) yogwirizana ndi anthu ammudzi:

• Ngati pali mabala, asungeni oyera ndipo muwamange bwino.
• Musagawane zinthu zanu monga matawulo ndi malezala ndi ena.
• Musagwiritsenso ntchito singano (ngakhale yanu) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala osaloledwa.
• Chotsani thaulo musanayambe kukhala wamaliseche pa benchi m'chipinda chosinthira zovala cha malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Tsukani zofunda, matawulo, ndi zovala zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse m'madzi otentha. Umitsani bwino. Palibe chifukwa chotsukira, ndipo palibe chifukwa chotsukira zinthu zomwe zingadetsedwe padera.
• Sambani nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena zochita zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka MRSA.
• Pukutani malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri monga ma switch amagetsi, zowongolera kutali, ndi zida zamasewera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Yang'anani chizindikirocho kuti muwone mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amapha mabakiteriya a Staph.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi ndi sopo ndi madzi ofunda kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Ngati simungathe kusamba m'manja, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa .

Ngati muli ndi chipangizo chachipatala, monga catheter, chomwe chimayikidwa m'thupi lanu, funsani dokotala wanu kuti chiyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso momwe mungadzitetezere ku matenda panthawiyo.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati mutapeza MRSA?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a pakhungu, dokotala wanu adzachiza matendawa potulutsa magazi m'bala ndikutulutsa mafinya. Mungapatsidwenso mankhwala oletsa kukwapula pakhungu kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'kamwa. Komabe, ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa a MRSA kapena ofala, mungafunike kukhala kuchipatala kuti mukalandire chithandizo. MRSA (CA-MRSA) yomwe imapezeka m'deralo, makamaka matenda a pakhungu, ingakhale yosavuta kuchiza kuposa MRSA (HA-MRSA) yomwe imapezeka m'chipatala. Komabe, pafupifupi 70% ya matenda a pakhungu a MRSA adzabweranso ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo chabwino. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti anthu ena omwe mumakhala nawo alowa m'malo mwa MRSA, kapena chifukwa mabakiteriya a MRSA amatha kukhala pa zinthu ndi pamalo kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mutenge kachilombo kachiwiri.

Kodi ndidzakhala ndekha ndikakhala ndi MRSA?

Ngati mukulandira chithandizo kuchipatala, mungaikidwe m'chipinda chimodzi kapena pansi pa malamulo apadera kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa MRSA kwa ena. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala angapemphenso alendo kuti avale magolovesi azachipatala, madiresi, kapena zophimba nkhope.

Kodi MRSA imafalikira kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mabakiteriya a MRSA amatha kufalikira malinga ngati mayeso atsimikizira kuti alipo m'thupi lanu kapena pakhungu lanu. Dokotala wanu adzatenga swab kuchokera pamphuno kapena pakhungu lanu ndikuyesa MRSA kuti aone ngati mukudwalabe.

Kodi MRSA ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu? Kodi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa ndi chotani?

Inde, anthu oposa theka la milandu ya MRSA amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Ndipo, matenda ambiri a pakhungu a MRSA amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Komabe, matenda akuluakulu, monga chibayo, endocarditis, ndi bacteremia, amatha kuipiraipira msanga dokotala asanapeze chithandizo choyenera. Chiŵerengero cha imfa cha MRSA chimasiyana malinga ndi komwe matendawa ali. Mwachitsanzo, ngati MRSA imayambitsa bacteremia m'magazi - mtundu woopsa kwambiri - chiwerengero cha imfa chikhoza kukhala pakati pa 20% ndi 50%. Zimenezi zimakupatsani lingaliro la momwe izi zingakhalire zoopsa.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi chipangizo chamankhwala m'thupi lanu kapena ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka, funsani dokotala wanu zizindikiro za matenda zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo. Onani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zokayikitsa. Nthawi zonse onani dokotala ngati muli ndi bala lalikulu kapena bala lomwe silikuchira. Ngakhale mutakhala kuchipatala, ndikofunikira kulankhulana bwino ndi gulu lanu lachipatala. Auzeni ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda, monga kupweteka, kugunda kwa mtima, kufooka, kapena kutentha thupi.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Ngati malungo ali pamwamba pa madigiri 103 Fahrenheit (madigiri 40 Celsius).
• Ngati bala likupweteka, likununkha moyipa, kapena lili ndi madzi obiriwira, achikasu, kapena abulauni.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (zizindikiro: kufooka, chizungulire, kukomoka).

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukalankhula ndi dokotala za MRSA, ndibwino kufunsa mafunso awa:

• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi ndingabwerere liti kuntchito/kusukulu?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisafalitse MRSA kwa ena?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndipewe matenda amtunduwu mtsogolo?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Mwina mwamvapo nkhani zoopsa zokhudza MRSA. Komabe, ogwira ntchito zachipatala akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti asafalikire m'zipatala ndi m'malo ena, ndipo milandu ya MRSA (HA-MRSA) yokhudzana ndi chipatala ikuchepa ku United States ndi ku Europe. Komabe, mitundu yonse ya MRSA ingayambitse matenda omwe angaphe. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda oopsa kapena bala lomwe silichira, makamaka ngati muli ndi chipangizo chachipatala kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, funsani upangiri wachipatala nthawi yomweyo. Uzani dokotala wanu za matenda aliwonse omwe muli nawo, zida zilizonse zomwe muli nazo, kapena ngati mwakhala nthawi yayitali kuchipatala posachedwapa. Izi zitha kuwathandiza kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu ndikuchiza matenda aliwonse mwachangu momwe angathere. Kudziwa bwino ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku matenda! MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus yokana methicillin, matenda a bakiteriya, kukana maantibayotiki, matenda a pakhungu, matenda a m'chipatala, matenda omwe amapezeka m'dera lanu.