Kodi katswiri wa za matenda amisala uyu ndi ndani? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane!

Kodi mudamvapo za ' Katswiri wa Zachipatala'? Mwina mudawonapo dzinali pa pulogalamu yofufuza milandu pa wailesi yakanema kapena m'nyuzipepala. Kodi anthu awa ndi ndani? Kodi udindo wawo wofunika ndi wotani? Lero tikambirana zonsezi m'njira yosavuta, ngati kuti tikulankhula ndi mnzanu.

Kodi katswiri wa za matenda a mafupa uyu ndi ndani?

Mwachidule, katswiri wa matenda amisala ndi dokotala wapadera. Koma dokotala uyu si munthu wongochiritsa matenda okha. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kufufuza bwino imfa zosayembekezereka, zokayikitsa, zachilendo, kapena zachiwawa. Tangoganizirani, ngati wina wamwalira mwadzidzidzi ndipo chifukwa chake sichikudziwika bwino, kapena ngati pali kukayikira kuti unali mlandu, pamenepo ndi pomwe thandizo la katswiri wa matenda amisalayu likufunika.

Kodi mukudziwa momwe anthu awa amachitira mayesowa? Nthawi zambiri , amachita kafukufuku wa mtembo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amafufuza thupi la womwalirayo ndikupeza chomwe chinayambitsa imfayo komanso momwe zinachitikira. Choncho ntchito ya anthuwa imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zamankhwala komanso malamulo.

Ndiye, kodi "Pathology" ndi "Forensics" ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni timvetse pang'ono mawu awiriwa.

"Pathology" ndi nthambi ina yapadera ya zamankhwala. Zimaphatikizapo kutenga zitsanzo za minofu ya thupi ndikuziyesa ku labotale kuti adziwe matenda kapena kupeza chidziwitso chokhudza milandu . Mwachitsanzo, mukakhala ndi matenda enaake, dokotala amatenga chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera kwa inu (biopsy) ndikutumiza kuti akayesedwe, sichoncho? Ndicho chimene matenda amatanthauza.

Mawu oti "Forensic" amatanthauza "zokhudzana ndi njira zasayansi zothetsera milandu." Komabe, si imfa iliyonse yomwe katswiri wa zamilandu amafufuza yomwe imayenera kukhala mlandu. Nthawi zina munthu amafa chifukwa cha ngozi kapena matenda osapezeka. Anthu awa amathandiza kufotokoza zonsezi.

Ndi madera ati omwe katswiri wa zamaganizo amaphunzira?

Madokotala awa ali ndi maphunziro apadera komanso chidziwitso choposa cha madokotala wamba. Zina mwa madera akuluakulu aukadaulo ndi awa:

• Kupha poizoni: Nthambi iyi ya zamankhwala imafufuza mitundu ya poizoni, momwe imakhudzira thupi, ndi momwe ingadziwire . Mwachitsanzo, poizoni woyambitsidwa ndi mpweya monga carbon monoxide, kulumidwa ndi njoka, kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga opioids kapena kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso akufufuzidwa m'munda uwu.

• Kuphunzira za zipolopolo ndi kuvulala komwe zimayambitsa (mabala a Ballistics ndi ballistics): Mu iziImaphunzira mayendedwe a zinthu monga zipolopolo ndi momwe zimakhudzira thupi . Mukayang'ana mabala a munthu amene wawomberedwa, mutha kupeza zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa mfuti yomwe inawomberedwa komanso kutalika komwe inawomberedwa.

• Umboni wotsatira: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zimatanthauza zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimasiyidwa zinthu ziwiri kapena anthu awiri akagundana . Mwachitsanzo, ulusi pa zovala, madzi amthupi, zotsalira za ufa wa mfuti, tsitsi, zala, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zazing'onozi zingathandize kuthetsa milandu ikuluikulu.

• Serology: Izi zimaphatikizapo kufufuza magazi ndi madzi ena amthupi pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina apadera (analyzers) kuti achite mayeso osiyanasiyana pa zitsanzozi. Izi zingathandize kudziwa mtundu wa magazi komanso ngati pali matenda enaake.

• Ukadaulo wa DNA: Mwina mwamvapo za DNA. Zimaphatikizapo kuphunzira zinthu za majini (DNA) ndikugwiritsa ntchito pofufuza milandu. Mwachitsanzo, mayeso a DNA amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza chitsanzo cha DNA chomwe chapezeka pamalo ochitira upandu ndi DNA ya munthu wokayikiridwa, kapena kutsimikizira kuti munthu wamwalira ndi ndani.

Kodi katswiri wa zamaganizo amachita chiyani kwenikweni?

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone ntchito zawo zazikulu. Munthu akafa mwadzidzidzi kapena mwankhanza, ntchito yawo yayikulu ndi kudziwa chomwe chachititsa imfa, nthawi ya imfa, ndi momwe imfayo inachitikira (monga kupha munthu, kudzipha, ngozi, imfa yachilengedwe, kapena china chake chomwe sichingadziwike motsimikiza).

Kuti achite izi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amatsatira njira izi:

1. Kutsimikizira kuti munthu wamwalirayo ndi ndani kapena kusonkhanitsa mfundo zofunika kuti munthuyo atsimikizire kuti ndi ndani: Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti munthu wamwalirayo ndi ndani. Panthawiyo, anthuwa amathandiza kupeza kuti ndi ndani pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zasayansi.

2. Kuphunzira mbiri ya matenda a womwalirayo: Izi zikutanthauza kuyang'ana matenda ndi mankhwala omwe womwalirayo anali nawo kale, chifukwa nthawi zina izi zimatha kukhudza imfa.

3. Ngati ndi mlandu, fufuzani umboni womwe uli pamalo omwe unachitikapo wokhudzana ndi imfayo: Anthuwa amafufuza momwe imfayo ikugwirizanirana ndi umboni womwe apolisi adasonkhanitsa.

4. Kuchita kafukufuku wa mtembo kuti mupeze umboni wa kuvulala kapena matenda: Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe anthu ambiri amadziwa. Thupi limafufuzidwa, kuvulala kwamkati, zizindikiro,Zinthu ngati zimenezo zimapezeka. Umboni uwu uyenera kulembedwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa udzakhala wofunika kwambiri pa mlandu wa khothi pambuyo pake.

5. Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula umboni weniweni wochokera m'thupi: Pakadali pano, zinthu zomwe tidakambirana kale, monga ulusi ndi tsitsi, zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikutumizidwa kuti zikayesedwe.

Pambuyo poti mayeso onsewa atha, katswiri wa za matenda a nyamakazi amakonza lipoti lolembedwa lofotokoza chifukwa, nthawi, ndi momwe imfa yachitikira . Angafunikenso kupereka umboni wokhudza zomwe zapezekazi ngati mboni ya katswiri kukhothi, ngati pakufunika kutero.

Chofunika kudziwa: Akatswiri a za matenda a khansa nthawi zina amafufuza odwala amoyo omwe agwiriridwa kapena kuzunzidwa mwakuthupi.

Kodi akatswiri a za matenda amisala awa amagwira ntchito kuti?

Kawirikawiri, akatswiri a zaukhondo amagwira ntchito m'maofesi a Medical Examiner kapena Coroner pansi pa bungwe la boma kapena lachigawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'mabungwe aboma. Kuphatikiza apo, ena amapereka chithandizo choyezetsa pambuyo pa imfa m'zipatala, m'masukulu azachipatala, kapena kudzera m'mabungwe achinsinsi kwa maloya ndi mabanja.

Anthuwa amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri m'chipinda chosungiramo mitembo akuchita kafukufuku wa imfa kapena m'chipinda choyezera minofu ya thupi. Komabe, nthawi zina amafunika kupita kumalo komwe kwachitika imfa kuti akagwire ntchito ndi apolisi ofufuza.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Katswiri wa Zachipatala, Wofufuza Milandu, ndi Wofufuza Zachipatala?

Mayina atatu awa akhoza kukhala osokoneza pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo lake.

• Forensic Pathology ndi nthambi yapadera ya zamankhwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, katswiri wa matenda a forensic ndi munthu amene ali ndi digiri ya udokotala ndipo walandira maphunziro apadera.
• "Medical Examiner" ndi udindo wa ntchito womwe nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa kwa katswiri wa matenda a forensic yemwe amagwira ntchito m'boma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, katswiri wa zamankhwala nthawi zambiri amakhala katswiri wa matenda a forensic.
• "Wofufuza milandu" ndi mkulu wa boma wosankhidwa kapena wosankhidwa amene amavomereza chomwe chachititsa imfa. Ofufuza milandu nthawi zambiri si madokotala. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi katswiri wa matenda a mafupa. Mutha kuwonanso njira imeneyi ku Sri Lanka.

Mwachidule, katswiri wa zaukhondo ndi munthu amene ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri azachipatala. Maudindo ena awiriwa angasiyane malinga ndi malamulo a mayiko ena.

Kodi mumakhala bwanji katswiri wa matenda amisala?

Ulendo uwu si wophweka. Kukhala katswiri wa matenda amisala kumafuna khama lalikulu komanso kuphunzira kwambiri. Njira yodziwika bwino yotsatira ndi iyi:

1. Malizitsani maphunziro a udokotala ku yunivesite ndikupeza digiri.

2. Lowani mu sukulu ya zachipatala ndikumaliza digiri ya zachipatala (`MD - Doctor of Medicine` kapena `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`).Izi zikufanana ndi digiri ya `MBBS' ku Sri Lanka.

3. Kumaliza maphunziro a zachipatala a zaka zosachepera zitatu (`pulogalamu yophunzitsira za kukhala m'nyumba`). Izi zikuphatikizapo madera onse a Anatomical Pathology ndi Clinical Pathology.

4. Kupambana mayeso a board specialist. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, muyenera kupeza satifiketi iyi kuchokera ku bungwe ngati American Board of Pathology.

5. Kenako, malizitsani maphunziro apadera a ubwenzi mu Forensic Pathology. Uwu ndi maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri a akatswiri pantchitoyi.

Mukuona, iyi ndi njira yayitali yophunzitsira ndi kuphunzitsa. Kuleza mtima, kudzipereka, komanso chidwi chachikulu pa nkhaniyi n'kofunika.

Ulendo uwu umatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pa avareji, zimatenga pafupifupi zaka 13 kuti munthu akhale katswiri wa matenda a mano. Izi zikuphatikizapo maphunziro asanayambe udokotala, sukulu ya zamankhwala, maphunziro a udokotala, ndi maphunziro a udokotala. Chifukwa chake ndi kudzipereka kwakukulu.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Akatswiri a za matenda a forensic ndi gulu la akatswiri azachipatala omwe amachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mseri. Imfa yosayembekezereka kapena yokayikitsa ikachitika, chidziwitso ndi luso lawo ndizofunikira kuti adziwe chifukwa chenicheni ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chilungamo chachitika. Ngakhale nthawi zina sitimva zambiri za anthu awa, thandizo lawo pakuchita chilungamo m'gulu ndi lofunika kwambiri.

Tangoganizani, munthu akamwalira chifukwa cha ngozi, upandu, kapena chifukwa china, kodi abale amakhala ndi mafunso angati? "Chifukwa chiyani izi zinachitika?", "Ndani ali ndi udindo pa izi?" Zinthu ngati zimenezo. Akatswiri a zaupandu amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopereka mayankho asayansi ku mafunso amenewo, ndipo mwina kupereka umboni wofunikira kuti munthu wolakwayo aweruzidwe ngati alipo.

Kotero, nthawi ina mukadzamva za ``Forensic Pathologist'', tsopano mudzadziwa kuti ndi ndani komanso mtundu wa ntchito yofunika yomwe amapereka.

` Forensic Pathology, Katswiri wa Matenda, Kufufuza za mtembo, Kufufuza za mtembo, DNA, Toxicology, Dokotala Wamalamulo, Katswiri wa Matenda a Forensic, Kufufuza za mtembo