Asayansi akutsata mavairasi! Kodi katswiri wa mavairasi uyu ndi ndani? Tiyeni tipeze tsatanetsatane!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndani akufufuza mavairasi awa omwe amayambitsa matenda monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale dziko lonse lapansi, monga kachilombo ka corona ? Ndani akufufuza momwe mavairasi awa amapangidwira, momwe amafalikira, zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze ku matendawa, komanso momwe mungapezere mankhwala? Akatswiri a mavairasi ndi anthu omwe amachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za katswiri wa mavairasi, zomwe amachita, komanso momwe munthu angakhalire katswiri wa mavairasi.

Kodi katswiri wa mavairasi ndi ndani? Mwachidule…

Mwachidule, katswiri wa mavairasi ndi munthu amene amaphunzira mavairasi mozama ndipo ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka chokhudza iwo. Zili ngati wofufuza, koma mutu wawo ndi mavairasi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosaoneka tomwe timatchedwa mavairasi sitingathe kukhudza anthu okha, komanso nyama, zomera, ndi mabakiteriya . Choncho, anthuwa amaphunzira momwe mavairasiwa amafalikira ( kuberekana ), momwe amapatsira munthu (monga munthu, nyama), momwe amafalikira kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina, kapena momwe angapewere ndikuchiza matenda amenewa.

Anthu awa nthawi zina akhoza kukhala ofufuza zachipatala, mwina mapulofesa omwe amaphunzitsa ku mayunivesite, kapena madokotala omwe amachiritsa odwala. Dzina lakuti "katswiri wa mavairasi" lingaphatikizepo ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Ndiye, kodi katswiri wa mavairasi amachita chiyani kwenikweni?

Kumbukirani, katswiri wa mavairasi si munthu amene amachita ntchito yamtundu umodzi yokha. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe angachite. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amachita:

• Kugwira ntchito m'zipatala: Akatswiri ena a mavairasi amagwira ntchito m'ma labu a zipatala. Amayesa zitsanzo (magazi, makoswe, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zatengedwa kwa odwala kuti adziwe mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kali. Kenako amalangiza chithandizo.
• Kuchiza odwala ndikuchita kafukufuku ngati dokotala: Anthu ena amachiza odwala mwachindunji ngati madokotala. Amazindikira ndi kuchiza matenda opatsirana . Amathandizanso matenda opatsirana nthawi yayitali (a nthawi yayitali) monga HIV kapena Hepatitis.Ntchito yawo ndi kusamalira odwala omwe alipo kale. Ena amachitanso kafukufuku wazachipatala.
• Kugwira ntchito ngati dokotala-wasayansi: Uyu ndi munthu amene, ngakhale akuchiza odwala ngati dokotala, amatheranso nthawi yake pa kafukufuku. Udindo wofunika kwambiri!
• Kafukufuku Woyambira: Izi zili ngati kukhazikitsa maziko. Akatswiri ena a mavairasi amagwira ntchito m'mabungwe ofufuza kapena mayunivesite ndipo amaphunzira mozama momwe kachilombo kena kamachita zinthu, momwe kamaberekera, momwe kamapatsira anthu, nyama, zomera, ndi mabakiteriya, komanso momwe kamafalikira. Izi zimatchedwanso "kafukufuku wa bench."
• Kafukufuku Womasulira Kapena Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku woyambira kuti apeze mayankho a vuto linalake . Mwachitsanzo, kupanga katemera watsopano kapena mankhwala oletsa mavairasi. Izi zitha kuchitika m'mabungwe ophunzirira komanso m'mabungwe achinsinsi monga makampani opanga mankhwala.
• Kugwira Ntchito M'mabungwe Oona za Umoyo wa Anthu Onse: Akatswiri ena a mavairasi amagwira ntchito m'mabungwe aboma kapena apadziko lonse lapansi azaumoyo wa anthu onse (monga World Health Organization). Amachita kafukufuku, kuzindikira miliri yatsopano ikayamba, amaphunzira mavairasi omwe akuyamba kumene, komanso amalangiza momwe angachepetsere kufalikira kwa mavairasi.

Tangoganizirani kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe akatswiri a mavairasi awa achita panthawi ya mliri wa coronavirus! Ayesetsa kwambiri kuzindikira kachilomboka, kumvetsetsa momwe kamafalikira, komanso kupanga katemera.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, pali mwayi wina wambiri kwa akatswiri a ma virus, monga utolankhani wazachipatala, kulemba ndalama zothandizira, ndi upangiri.

Ndi maudindo ena ati a ntchito omwe akatswiri a ma virus ali nawo?

Si akatswiri onse a ma virus omwe ali ndi udindo wa "katswiri wa ma virus." Angakhalenso ndi maudindo ena, monga:

• Katswiri wa labu kapena wofufuza
• Labu, kafukufuku kapena wasayansi wantchito
• Wofufuza/wofufuza wa postdoctoral
• Mtsogoleri wa Laboratory (Lab director)
• Wofufuza Wamkulu (PI)
• Pulofesa
• Wotsogolera pulogalamu
• Katswiri wa Matenda Opatsirana
• Katswiri wa chitetezo chamthupi
• Katswiri wa matenda (katswiri amene amafufuza minofu ndi maselo kuti adziwe matenda)

Kodi muyenera kupita ku sukulu ya zamankhwala kuti mukhale katswiri wa ma virus?

Akatswiri ambiri a ma virus ali ndi digiri ya udokotala (MD) kapena digiri ya udokotala (PhD). Ena akhoza kukhala ndi zonse ziwiri. MD ndi digiri yochokera ku sukulu ya udokotala. PhD ndi digiri yapamwamba yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku m'munda winawake.

Komabe, ngakhale anthu ambiri amapita ku sukulu ya zachipatala, sikuyenera kukhala sukulu ya zachipatala, kutengera zomwe mukufuna kuchita. PhD imakupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira pakufufuza ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Digiri ya zachipatala imakupatsani chidziwitso chogwira ntchito ndi odwala komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupeza ndi kuchiza matenda. Chifukwa chake, zimatengera zomwe mumakonda komanso zolinga zanu.

Ndiye mumakhala bwanji katswiri wa mavairasi? Njira yake ndi iti?

Zimene muyenera kuphunzira kuti mukhale katswiri wa mavairasi zimadalira zomwe mukufuna kuchita pantchito yanu. Malo abwino oyambira ndi digiri ya bachelor mu gawo lokhudzana ndi sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu phunziro monga Biology, Chemistry, kapena Medical Laboratory Science. Kenako, mutha kupitiliza digiri yapamwamba kutengera zolinga zanu.

Tiyeni tione zitsanzo zina:

• Ngati mukufuna kuchita kafukufuku: Mungafunike digiri ya PhD mu sayansi ya virology kapena gawo lina lofanana nalo, kapena digiri ya Master mu sayansi (MS). Komabe, pa ntchito zina za labotale, digiri ya bachelor ndi yokwanira. Pa kafukufuku wazachipatala, digiri ya zamankhwala (MD) ndi yothandiza, koma si nthawi zonse yofunikira. M'maiko ena, mungafunikenso kupasa mayeso a layisensi ya boma kuti mugwire ntchito mu labotale ya zamankhwala.
• Ngati mukufuna kukhala mtsogoleri wa labu yofufuza kapena kuchita kafukufuku wanu: Mwina mungafunike "PhD." Oyang'anira ma labu ena angakhale ndi digiri ya udokotala m'malo mwa kapena kuwonjezera pa "PhD."
• Ngati mukufuna kuchiza odwala mwachindunji: Muyenera kumaliza maphunziro azachipatala. Izi zikutanthauza kupita ku sukulu ya zamankhwala, kumaliza maphunziro a udokotala, kenako mwina kumaliza maphunziro apadera m'dera linalake, monga matenda opatsirana kapena matenda a chitetezo chamthupi.

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndi kufufuza ntchito zomwe mukufuna ndikupeza ziyeneretso zamaphunziro zomwe zimafunika kwa iwo. Mwanjira imeneyi, mudzakhala ndi malangizo omveka bwino.

Ulendo uwu umatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kaya mukupita ku sukulu ya zachipatala kapena kuchita `PhD', mutha kuyembekezera kuthera zaka zina 10 mukuphunzitsidwa ntchito yanu mukamaliza maphunziro a A-level. Umu ndi nthawi yomwe zingatenge mukamaliza digiri yanu yoyamba (nthawi zambiri zaka zinayi):

• Zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zowonjezera za pulogalamu ya `(PhD)`.
• Ngati mukufuna kuchiza odwala, muyenera kuphunzira zachipatala kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi ziwiri.
• Pulogalamu ya MD-PhD yomwe imapereka digiri ya udokotala ndi udokotala imatenga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi.

Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati nsembe yaikulu, n'koyenera kuganizira za utumiki umene ungaperekedwe m'derali.

Ndi maphunziro ati omwe muyenera kuphunzira kuti mukhale katswiri wa mavairasi?

Ngati mukufuna kukhala katswiri wa mavairasi, ndi bwino kukhala ndi chidwi ndi mitu iyi:

• Biology: Izi zikuphatikizapo magawo a Microbiology, Cell Biology, ndi Molecular Biology.
• Chemistry: Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga Biochemistry ndi Organic Chemistry.
• Majini: Kuphunzira za majini a mavairasi n'kofunika kwambiri.
• Immunology: Chidziwitso chokhudza dongosolo lomwe limalimbana ndi matenda m'thupi lathu.
• Matenda Opatsirana: Kuphunzira mozama za matenda osiyanasiyana.
• Khansa/Oncology: Mavairasi ena angayambitse khansa, kotero kudziwa izi ndikofunikira.

Kodi akatswiri a mavairasi nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito kuti?

Nazi malo ena omwe akatswiri a ma virus angagwire ntchito:

• Mayunivesite ndi malo ofufuzira zamaphunziro
• Mabungwe aboma kapena azaumoyo (monga Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ku United States, World Health Organization (WHO))
• Zipatala
• Mayunivesite ndi mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba (Makoleji ndi mayunivesite - ophunzitsira ndi kufufuza)
• Malo ofufuzira zachipatala achinsinsi
• Makampani opanga mankhwala (amapanga mankhwala atsopano ndi katemera)

Kodi akatswiri a ma virus akufunidwa?

Kufunika kwa akatswiri a ma virus kumatha kusiyana malinga ndi bungwe lomwe amagwira ntchito (makamaka ngati ndi la anthu wamba kapena la maphunziro apamwamba), zomwe mwakumana nazo, komanso ukadaulo wanu. Komabe, kufunika kwa gawoli kwawonjezeka chifukwa cha miliri yaposachedwa. Chifukwa chake, tinganene kuti pali tsogolo labwino kwa akatswiri a ma virus aluso.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Katswiri wa Virologist ndi Katswiri wa Epidemiologist?

Ngakhale kuti onsewa ndi anthu ofunikira kwambiri m'gulu la zaumoyo, ntchito zawo n'zosiyana pang'ono.

• Katswiri wa mavairasi ndi munthu amene amaphunzira, kuzindikira, ndi kuchiza mavairasi. Amaganizira kwambiri za biology ya mavairasi, momwe amachitira zinthu, ndi zina zambiri.
• Katswiri wa matenda a epidemiological ndi munthu amene amaphunzira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndipo amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.Amasankhanso momwe angapewere matendawa ndikuletsa kufalikira kwake. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kokha ku matenda opatsirana monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, komanso ku matenda odziteteza ku matenda, khansa, kapena ngozi. Akatswiri a matenda nthawi zambiri sapanga mankhwala kapena katemera, kapena kuchiza odwala mwachindunji. Chomwe amachita ndikuyang'ana chithunzi chachikulu ndikuthandizira kuwongolera kufalikira kwa matenda.

Tangoganizirani, pamene mliri wa 'COVID-19' unayamba, akatswiri a mavairasi anali kufufuza za kachilomboka ndi katemera wake, pomwe akatswiri a matenda a miliri anali kufufuza momwe kamafalikira, ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, komanso momwe angachilamulire kudzera mu zinthu monga mtunda wotalikirana. Ntchito ya onse awiri ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Pomaliza, zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndi mliri wa coronavirus, anthu ambiri akhala ndi chidwi ndi sayansi ya ma virus, sichoncho? Ngakhale ambiri a ife takhala "ofufuza za matenda a armchair" omwe amafufuza izi kunyumba, anthu ena asankha kuyang'ana kwambiri gawo ili la kafukufuku wa ma virus.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti akatswiri a mavairasi samangokhala ndi ntchito yamtundu umodzi yokha. Angathe kuchita zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kufufuza, kuphunzitsa, kupanga katemera ndi mankhwala oletsa mavairasi, kugwira ntchito zachipatala, kupeza matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, ndi kuchiza odwala. Kumene mungasankhe kuyang'ana ntchito yanu kudzadalira mphamvu zanu ndi zomwe mumakonda.

Komanso, palibe "njira imodzi" yokhalira katswiri wa mavairasi. Koma simungathe kuchita izi muli kunyumba kwanu, muyenera kudzipereka! Akatswiri ambiri a mavairasi ali ndi digiri ya PhD kapena MD, koma zofunikira zimatha kusiyana kutengera dera lomwe mwasankha.

Kaya mphamvu zanu zili zotani, musaiwale kuti kuphunzira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosaoneka tingakhudze kwambiri dziko lapansi!

Kotero, ngati mukuganiza zoyamba ntchito yofunikayi, yesani kupeza maphunziro ndi kudzipereka komwe mukufunikira. Ndani akudziwa, mwina ndinu amene mwapeza mankhwala omwe angapulumutse dziko lapansi mtsogolomu!

Katswiri wa Virusi, Kachirombo, Matenda, Kafukufuku, Ntchito Zachipatala, Maphunziro, Mankhwala, Asayansi, Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse