Kodi mwana wanu wamng'ono samakhala pamalo amodzi? Kodi amathamanga ngati wokwera njinga yamoto? Kodi amalumphira pakati pa kukambirana ndi kulankhula? Kwa makolo ena, izi ndizozolowereka kwambiri, ndipo zingakhale zotopetsa kwambiri. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti izi ndi nkhanza kapena kuuma mtima kwa mwana, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zakuya kuposa pamenepo. Lero tikulankhula za ADHD, yomwe ndi vuto lotere.
Mwachidule, kodi Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD ndi chiyani?
Pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu ya Matenda a Kusaganizira/Kusachita Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ADHD. Matenda a Kusachita Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso, omwe tikunena lero, ndi amodzi mwa matenda amenewa. Amadziwika ndi kusakhazikika, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, komanso khalidwe lopupuluma. Mwachidule, ana awa amakhala ndi chizolowezi chochita zinthu asanaganize.
Kodi mwana wanu amavutika kukhala chete? Kodi amalankhula nthawi zosayenera? Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha kuti kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Komanso, zinthu monga kulumpha mmwamba mukamalankhula kapena kusadikira nthawi yake akusewera zingatchedwe kusakhazikika maganizo.
Matendawa amathanso kuchitika kwa akuluakulu, koma sachitika kawirikawiri kwa ana. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumeneku kungachepe pang'onopang'ono tikamakula.
Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji?
Choyamba, sizingatheke kunena motsimikiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD pongoyesedwa kamodzi kokha. Dokotala wanu adzayesa kaye kuchotsa zina zomwe zingayambitse khalidweli. Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika maganizo chifukwa cha mavuto a m'banja, kusawona bwino , kapena mavuto ophunzirira kungapangitse kuti mwana asamaganizire kwambiri.
Dokotala akamaganiza kuti ali ndi ADHD, ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Zizindikirozi ziyenera kukhalapo kwa miyezi yosachepera 6 .
| Chizindikiro/Khalidwe | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kusinthasintha/Kusinthasintha | Kulephera kukhala chete, kusinthasintha nthawi zonse komanso kusinthasintha. |
| Kulankhula Mosalekeza | Kulankhula mosalekeza komwe sikoyenera pa chochitikacho. |
| Sindikonda ntchito yachete | Kuvuta kuika maganizo pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kusamala pang'ono, monga kuwerenga buku kapena kujambula chithunzi. |
| "Magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi injini" | Kuthamanga kuchokera kwina kupita kwina, osatha kukhala chete. |
| Kudzuka ndi kuyenda nthawi zonse | Kudzuka nthawi zonse kuchokera pamalo okhala, kukwera pa mipando, matebulo, ndi mipando. |
| Kusaleza mtima | Kulephera kudikira pamzere, kudikira nthawi ya munthu. |
| Kutulutsa mawu mokweza | Kuyankha funso lisanathe, kupereka maganizo pa nthawi zosayenera. |
| Kusokoneza | Kusokoneza zokambirana ndi masewera a ena. |
| Kunyalanyaza zoopsa | Kugwira ntchito popanda kumvetsetsa zoopsa za mkhalidwe. |
Chofunika ndichakuti si mwana aliyense amene amathamangathamanga ndi kusewera ali ndi ADHD. Kuti azitchedwa ADHD, zizindikirozi ziyenera kukhala ndi zotsatira zomveka pa moyo wa mwana (monga ntchito ya kusukulu, ubale ndi anzake).
Kuti adziwe bwino za ADHD, dokotala adzaganizira zinthu zina zingapo:
- Tikuyang'ana ngati zizindikirozi zinayamba asanakwanitse zaka 12 .
- Tikuyang'ana ngati makhalidwe amenewa amaonekera osati pamalo amodzi okha (monga kunyumba), komanso m'malo angapo (monga kunyumba ndi kusukulu) .
- Tikuonetsetsa kuti palibe vuto lina lachipatala lomwe lingayambitse machitidwe awa.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ADHD ndi mitundu ina ya matenda?
Pali mtundu wina waukulu wa ADHD, wotchedwa Kusaganizira ADHD . Khalidwe lalikulu la mtundu uwu ndi kuvutika kumvetsera. Tangoganizirani, ana awa amasokonezedwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zina, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati ali m'dziko lamaloto, nthawi zambiri amataya zinthu, amapanga zolakwika zazing'ono, ndipo amavutika kumaliza ntchito zomwe ayamba. Koma sasonyeza kusakhazikika kwambiri kapena kusakhazikika ngati mtundu wa Hyperactive-Impulsive womwe tidakambirana kale.
Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, anthu ambiri ali ndi mitundu yonse iwiri yosakanikirana. Imatchedwa Mtundu Wophatikizana . Izi zikutanthauza kuti amavutika kukhala pamalo amodzi komanso kuvutika kuchita zinthu.
N’chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika?
Monga mitundu yonse ya ADHD, chifukwa chenicheni sichikudziwikabe. Asayansi amati pali gawo la majini . Izi zikutanthauza kuti majini omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana angathandize. Ngati wachibale wapafupi ali ndi ADHD, mwana amatha kudwala matendawa.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo:
- Amayi akusuta kapena kumwa mowa panthawi ya mimba.
- Kubadwa msanga .
- Kubadwa ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri.
- Kudya zinthu zoopsa monga lead ali mwana.
- Kuvulala muubongo.
Makolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti shuga imapangitsa ana kukhala osamvera. Komabe, palibe umboni wa sayansi wosonyeza kuti shuga imayambitsa kapena kuipitsa ADHD. Ngakhale pali nkhani yokhudza kugwirizana pakati pa mitundu yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosungira (zowonjezera zakudya) ndi ADHD, sizinatsimikizidwebe.
Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Chabwino, popeza vutoli ladziwika, sitepe yotsatira ndi chithandizo. Ndondomeko ya chithandizo idzakhala yosiyana kwa mwana aliyense. Nthawi zina, mungafunike kuyesa njira zingapo kuti mupeze zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwa mwana wanu. IziUlendo wogwirizana pakati pa inu, mwana wanu, ndi dokotala wanu.
Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimayamba ndi mankhwala. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala.
1. Mankhwala Olimbikitsa
Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amatchedwa "zolimbikitsa," mankhwalawa salimbikitsa ana omwe ali ndi ADHD, kwenikweni amawatonthoza.
- Methylphenidate (monga Ritalin, Concerta)
- Dexmethylphenidate (monga Focalin)
- Lisdexamfetamine (monga Vyvanse)
- Mankhwala amtundu wa Amphetamine (monga Adderall)
Izi zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mapiritsi, zakumwa, ndi mabala a pakhungu. Si ana onse omwe angapindule ndi mankhwala omwewo, choncho dokotala wanu adzasankha mankhwala abwino kwambiri kwa mwana wanu.
2. Mankhwala Osayambitsa Chisoni
Ngakhale kuti izi sizigwira ntchito mwachangu monga mankhwala opatsa mphamvu, zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zochepa.
- Atomoxetine (Strattera)
- Guanfacine (Intuniv)
- Clonidine (Kapvay)
Nthawi zina mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za ADHD.
Dziwani zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zotsatira zake. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi momasuka.
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala | Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri koma zoopsa (dziwitsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo) |
|---|---|
|
Zotsatirapo zoyipa ngati izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Koma ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro zachilendo, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Dokotalayo nthawi zonse amawunika kutalika kwa mwana wanu, kulemera kwake, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kugunda kwa mtima wake akamamwa mankhwalawo.
Chithandizo cha Khalidwe
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, chithandizo cha khalidwe ndi chofunikiranso.Katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo amathandiza mwana kuzindikira ndikuwongolera machitidwe ake osakhazikika komanso opupuluma.
- Ndimatsatira ndondomeko za tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Zimathandiza kukulitsa luso locheza ndi anthu.
- Dongosolo la mphotho ndi zotsatirapo lakhazikitsidwa kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi kuti alimbikitse khalidwe labwino ndikupereka zotsatirapo za khalidwe loipa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADHD yochita zinthu mopupuluma si khalidwe "loipa" kapena "losasangalatsa" mwa mwana, ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe liyenera kuchiritsidwa.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa khalidwe la mwana wanu, musaganize molakwika ndipo funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake.
- Kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pochiza.
- Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mwana wanu akumwa, mlingo wawo, ndi zotsatirapo zake zomwe zingachitike.
- Monga makolo, chikondi chanu, kuleza mtima kwanu, ndi chithandizo chanu ndizofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la mwana wanu.
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