Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi autism? Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za njira izi zochiritsira autism!

Dokotala akakuuzani kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism, mungamve kuti mwatopa kwambiri komanso mumaopa pang'ono. Zimenezo n'zachibadwa. Koma chofunika ndichakuti simuli nokha, ndipo pali njira zambiri zochiritsira zomwe zingathandize mwana wanu. Mankhwalawa angathandize mwana wanu kukulitsa mphamvu zake ndikugonjetsa mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pamoyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku. Lero, tikambirana za mankhwala awa a autism.

Kodi machiritso a Autism ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Mwachidule, chithandizo cha autism ndi njira zomwe zimathandiza mwana wanu kukwaniritsa zomwe angathe ndikumuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo. Mankhwala ena amaperekedwa ku ofesi ya dokotala. Ena amatha kuperekedwa kunyumba, kusukulu, kapena m'malo ena opezeka anthu ambiri. Mankhwalawa amatha kusiyana kwambiri. Koma kawirikawiri, onse amayesetsa kuthandiza mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lomwe amafunikira kuti azitha kuyanjana ndi anthu, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, ndikugwira ntchito payekha momwe angathere.

Matenda a Autism si matenda, ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya ubongo!

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Madokotala a ana ndi ena opereka chithandizo chamankhwala azindikira kuti autism ndi kusiyana pang'ono kwa momwe ubongo wa mwana wanu umagwirira ntchito, kotchedwa neurodivergence . Si matenda omwe "angachiritsidwe." Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa sayesa "kukonza" autism kapena kukakamiza mwana kukhala ndi dongosolo linalake. M'malo mwake, mankhwalawa amapatsa ana omwe ali ndi autism maluso omwe amafunikira kuti apite patsogolo ndikukhala mosangalala m'dziko lomwe silili losavuta nthawi zonse kwa iwo omwe ali ndi neurodivergence iyi.

Kumbukirani, autism ndi gawo la umunthu wa mwana. Mankhwala amayesetsa kulemekeza umunthu umenewo ndikuthandiza mwanayo kuti moyo wake ukhale wosavuta.

Si njira zonse zochiritsira zomwe zimafanana, sichoncho? Tiyeni tisamale ndi zikhulupiriro zabodza!

Pamene mukufunafuna chithandizo chothandiza mwana wanu, kumbukirani izi: Si mankhwala onse a autism omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana kapena otetezeka. Nthawi zina, simungathe nthawi zonse kukhulupirira zomwe mumawona pa intaneti kapena zomwe mnzanu wabwino akunena. Pali malingaliro ambiri olakwika komanso zolakwika zokhudza autism - zomwe zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala ake.

Dokotala wanu wa ana ndi ena omwe ali m'gulu la chisamaliro cha mwana wanu adzakulangizani chithandizo chozikidwa pa umboni wokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizochi chatsimikiziridwa kuti n'chotetezeka komanso chogwira ntchito ndi deta yochokera ku maphunziro odalirika komanso opangidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse tsatirani upangiri wa dokotala wanu.

Kodi ndi mankhwala ati abwino kwambiri a autism? Tiyeni tisankhe omwe akuyenerera mwana!

Pali njira zambiri zothandizira mwana wanu. Komabe, palibe njira imodzi yokha "yabwino kwambiri kwa mwana aliyense." Madokotala a mwana wanu angakulimbikitseni njira imodzi kapena zingapo. Akapereka malangizo, adzaganizira izi:

• Ngati chithandizocho chili choyenera msinkhu wa mwana komanso zosowa zake .
• Ndi matenda ena ati omwe mwana amakhala nawo limodzi ndi autism?
• Momwe chithandizochi chikugwirizana ndi zomwe banja lanu likufuna, nthawi yake, komanso mtengo wake .

Nthawi zina mungafunike kuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira kuti mupeze chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwa mwana wanu.

Nazi mitundu ina ya mankhwala omwe madokotala a mwana wanu angakupatseni:

• Chithandizo cha khalidwe
• Chithandizo cha kulankhula ndi chilankhulo
• Chithandizo cha ntchito ndi thupi
• Maphunziro a luso la anthu
• Maphunziro a makolo

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za njira iliyonse mwa njirazi mwatsatanetsatane.

Chithandizo cha Khalidwe

Chithandizo cha khalidwe chimagwira ntchito polimbikitsa mwana wanu kuti azichita zinthu zabwino , monga kupempha zinthu zomwe akufuna. Chingathandizenso kuchepetsa makhalidwe ovuta , kuphatikizapo kudzivulaza.

Pali anthu omwe aphunzitsidwa mwapadera pa izi, timawatcha Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) . Amapanga chithandizochi motsatira mfundo za Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) . ABA ndi chiphunzitso chophunzirira. Imati momwe timachitira zinthu zimatengera malo athu, makamaka zinthu zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa khalidwe limenelo (zotsatira zake). Mwa kupereka mphoto ku khalidwe labwino osati kupereka mphoto ku khalidwe lina, mutha kuthandiza ana kuphunzira makhalidwe omwe angakhale othandiza pa moyo wawo wonse.

Komabe, m'masiku oyambirira a ABA, panali mikangano yambiri yokhudza izi chifukwa chilango chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa khalidwe losafunikira. Sizili chonchonso.

Machiritso a khalidwe omwe alipo pano:

• Mphotho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kulimbitsa mtima). Mphotho zomwe zimaperekedwa pokwaniritsa zolinga zina zimalimbikitsa mwana kuphunzira maluso ndi machitidwe ofunikira pantchito ya kusukulu, maubwenzi, komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito masewerawa.Zochita zochitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maseŵera zingathandize ana kuphunzira luso locheza ndi anzawo komanso kumanga ubale ndi anzawo. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri azachipatala angasonyeze njira zosiyanasiyana zosewerera, kapena kulimbikitsa ana kuti asiye chizolowezi chawo chosewera ndikuyesera china chatsopano.
• Kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa makhalidwe ovuta. Pomvetsetsa chifukwa chake mwana amachita zinthu mwanjira inayake, opereka chithandizo amatha kupanga dongosolo lomwe lingakwaniritse zosowa za mwanayo. Mwachitsanzo, mwana angakhumudwe akalephera kufotokoza zomwe akufuna.
• Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi pulogalamu. Mankhwala ena amaperekedwa m'malo okonzedwa bwino, monga ofesi ya wopereka chithandizo. Ena angaperekedwe m'nyumba mwanu, kusukulu ya mwana wanu, kapena kumalo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi komwe mwana wanu nthawi zambiri amakhala.
• Zitha kukhala zakanthawi kochepa kapena nthawi yayitali. Mwana wanu angalandire chithandizo cha khalidwe kwa miyezi ingapo, chaka chimodzi, kapena kuposerapo. Zimadalira zosowa za mwana, zomwe zidzasintha pakapita nthawi. Mapulogalamu ena amakhudza maluso osiyanasiyana, pomwe ena amathandiza mwanayo kukwaniritsa cholinga chake chakanthawi kochepa.

Zitsanzo zina za chithandizo cha khalidwe

Mupeza njira zambiri zochiritsira matenda a autism pa intaneti. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzisiyanitsa, kapena kudziwa ngati ndi zodalirikadi. Dokotala wanu wa ana angakuuzeni zambiri za zomwe mukufuna, ndipo angakuthandizeni kuzindikira mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi umboni wabwino. Kuti muyambe, nazi njira zodziwika bwino zochiritsira zokhudzana ndi umboni:

• Kuchiza Koyamba Kwambiri (EIBI): EIBI imayamba kwa ana azaka 4 kapena kuchepera. Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa kwa zaka zingapo. Chimathetsa mavuto m'mbali monga kulankhulana, maubwenzi, komanso machitidwe oletsa kapena obwerezabwereza. Chimachitika m'malo okonzedwa bwino.
• Denver Model Yoyambira Moyambirira (ESDM): ESDM yapangidwira ana aang'ono. Imaperekedwa m'malo atsiku ndi tsiku (omwe amatchedwanso "malo achilengedwe"), monga kunyumba kwanu. Imathandiza kukulitsa luso la mwana lolankhulana ndi anthu, kuzindikira, komanso chilankhulo kudzera mumasewera.
• Kusamalirana Mogwirizana, Kusewera Mophiphiritsira, Kugwirizana ndi Kulamulira (JASPER): Njira ya JASPER imagwiritsanso ntchito masewero. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pophunzitsa ana a miyezi 12 mpaka zaka 8 kulankhulana. Imachitika m'malo achilengedwe, monga kunyumba kwanu kapena m'kalasi mwa mwana wanu.
• Chithandizo Chachikulu Chothandizira Kuyankha (PRT):Ma PRT amathandiza ana kukhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kuyanjana ndi ena komanso kukhala ndi luso loyambira kucheza ndi anthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo luso linalake monga kuyambitsa kukambirana, kuyankha ena, ndi kudikira nthawi yawo.
• Chithandizo ndi Maphunziro a Ana Ovutika ndi Matenda a Autism ndi Okhudzana ndi Kulankhulana (TEACCH®): Njira ya TEACCH® imathandiza ana kukhala ndi luso losiyanasiyana m'malo okonzedwa bwino mogwirizana ndi luso lawo komanso zomwe amakonda.

Chithandizo cha Kulankhula ndi Chilankhulo

Kuchiza ndi kulankhula kungathandize mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lake lolankhulana . Ndi njira imodzi yodziwika bwino yochiritsira matenda a autism. Nazi zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe akatswiri olankhula angathandize mwana wanu nazo:

• Phunzirani kugwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zazifupi popempha zinthu zomwe mukufuna.
• Yesetsani kufotokoza momwe mukumvera .
• Sinthani liwiro kapena kayimbidwe ka mawu olankhulidwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowonjezera ndi njira zina zolumikizirana (AAC) . AAC imaphatikizapo zinthu monga zida zopangira mawu, chilankhulo cha manja, ndi makadi okhala ndi zithunzi kapena zizindikiro.

Chithandizo cha Ntchito ndi Thupi

Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy (OT) chimathandiza mwana kupeza luso lofunikira kuti agwire ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (ntchito). Mwachitsanzo, chithandizo cha OT chingamuthandize mwana kuchita Zochita za Moyo wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku (ADLs) monga kutsuka mano ndi kuvala. Chithandizo cha Thupi (PT) chimathandiza mwana kukhala ndi luso loyendetsa thupi , kulinganiza bwino, kukhazikika pakuyenda, komanso kuyenda ndi zala.

Akatswiri ochiritsawa amatha kutsogolera mwana kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi osiyanasiyana kuti akonze mphamvu zake zakuthupi, kulumikizana, ndi luso lake loyendetsa thupi - mayendedwe ofunikira pophunzira, kusewera, komanso kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa.

Maphunziro a Maluso a Anthu

Maphunziro a luso la anthu, omwe amadziwikanso kuti group social skills intervention (GSSI) , ndi njira yolunjika yothandizira ana kuphunzira momwe angagwirire ntchito pazochitika za anthu. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi njira zina zothandizira zomwe zimamanga luso la anthu monga gawo la dongosolo lonse lomwe limathetsa mavuto a munthu payekha. Maphunziro a luso la anthu amachitikira m'magulu. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kwa ana aang'ono ndi achinyamata.

Kuphunzitsa luso la anthu kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo, ziwonetsero, zithunzi, ndi sewero kuti mwana aphunzire kukhala wothandiza kwambiri pazochitika za anthu.Kuthandiza ana kukhala odzidalira komanso omasuka. Mwachitsanzo, osamalira ana angathandize ana kuchita zinthu monga:

• Phunzirani njira zomangira ubale ndi anzanu.
• Mvetsetsani zizindikiro zosagwiritsa ntchito mawu, monga kuyang'ana maso ndi nkhope.
• Chitani nawo zokambirana zobwerezabwereza .
• Ganizirani momwe mungathanirane ndi kuzunzidwa.

Maphunziro a Makolo

Njira zimenezi zimakuthandizani inu, kholo, kuphunzira njira zothandizira mwana wanu. Mwachitsanzo, opereka chithandizo angakuphunzitseni zinthu monga:

• Momwe mungatsatire malangizo a mwana wanu .
• Njira zokopa chidwi cha mwana wanu .
• Momwe mungamupatse mwana wanu zosankha .
• Njira zolimbikitsira kuyanjana kwa anzawo .

Kutengera ndi pulogalamu yeniyeniyo, mutha kulandira maphunzirowa pamodzi ndi makolo ena. Ntchito yomwe mumachita pophunzitsa makolo idzawonjezera, kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu, ku chithandizo chomwe mwana wanu akulandira.

Kodi chithandizochi chimapereka thandizo lotani kwa mwana?

Chithandizo cha autism chingathandize mwana wanu ndi zinthu monga:

• Gwiritsani ntchito bwino luso lake ndi luso lake .
• Lankhulani m'njira yogwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna komanso zosowa zake .
• Pangani luso locheza ndi anthu .
• Chepetsani mavuto a khalidwe .
• Pezani luso lokhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku lomwe limamuthandiza kudziyimira pawokha .
• Kuthana bwino ndi kusintha kwa moyo - mwachitsanzo, kuyambira ubwana kupita ku unyamata kapena kuyambira pa unyamata kupita ku ukalamba.

Kodi chithandizo chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri liti?

Mankhwala a autism amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali ngati ayambitsidwa asanakwanitse zaka zitatu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ubongo wa mwana ukukulabe ndipo umalandira kusintha kwakukulu m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake. Komabe, chithandizo cha msinkhu uliwonse chingakhale chamtengo wapatali komanso chothandiza mwana wanu. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mukayamba msanga, zimakhala bwino.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani posankha chithandizo cha mwana wanu?

Dokotala wanu wa ana akhoza kukutsogolerani ndikupereka malangizo. Kawirikawiri, nazi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira:

• Osamalira ana adzayang'ana zosowa za mwana wanu.
• Opereka chithandizo chanuAngathe kufotokoza momwe kupita patsogolo kwa mwana kudzayezedwera, ndipo ali ndi zolinga zomveka bwino zomwe mwanayo ayenera kukwaniritsa.
• Pali antchito okwanira kuti apereke chisamaliro chapadera kwa mwanayo.
• Opereka chithandizo ali ophunzitsidwa bwino ndipo adzagawana nanu ziyeneretso zawo ndi mbiri yawo .
• Zokonda ndi zokonda za mwana zimaganiziridwa posankha momwe chithandizo chidzaperekedwere (mwachitsanzo, posankha mitundu ya chithandizo chabwino).
• Madokotala amakulandirani kuti mutenge nawo mbali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amamvera zomwe mukufuna ndikukuphunzitsani zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muthandize mwana wanu kunyumba.

Chithandizo cha matenda a autism chiyenera kukhala chokhudza kukweza mwana wanu, ndi kumulemekeza payekhapayekha. Ngati chinachake sichikumveka bwino kwa inu, kapena ngati simukumva bwino ndi gawo lililonse la pulogalamu yothandizira, mverani zomwe mukunena ndipo pitani kwina.

Mwana aliyense ndi wapadera - ndipo njira yochizira iyeneranso kutsatiridwa. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa mwana mmodzi sichingagwire ntchito kwa mwana wanu, ndipo palibe vuto. Zingatenge nthawi kuti mupeze chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino pa zosowa za banja lanu. Ndipo zosowa zimenezo zingasinthe pakapita nthawi.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Dalirani malangizo a dokotala wa ana anu, ndipo funsani mafunso ambiri momwe mungathere. Mukuphunzira limodzi ndi mwana wanu. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira zambiri momwe mungathere za mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi zomwe angakuchitireni. Mukamapeza chidziwitso chochuluka, mudzakhala ndi zida zambiri zothandizira mwana wanu kumanga moyo womwe akufuna komanso woyenera. Musataye mtima, mukufuna zabwino kwa mwana wanu!

` Autism, Chithandizo cha Autism, Autism, Mankhwala a Autism, Thanzi la Ana, Chithandizo cha Khalidwe, Chithandizo cha Kulankhula, Upangiri wa Makolo, ABA, ESDM