Tonsefe timapita kuchipatala, ku malo operekera chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena ku chipatala kuti tikalandire chithandizo cha matenda. Koma taganizirani, bwanji ngati titapita kukalandira chithandizo ndikupeza matenda ena kuwonjezera pa matendawa? N'zovuta kuganiza. Koma nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika. Umu ndi momwe timatchulira " Matenda Okhudzana ndi Zaumoyo " (HAIs) matenda omwe timalandira tikalandira chithandizo kuchipatala.
Kodi matenda opatsirana m'zipatala (HAIs) amenewa ndi otani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, matenda aliwonse omwe mumalandira kuchokera kuchipatala, opaleshoni, kapena chipatala kuti muchiritse matenda ena amagwera m'gulu ili. Nthawi zina awa akhoza kukhala matenda ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zina, angayambitse matenda akuluakulu omwe angakhale oopsa kwa moyo.
Kawirikawiri, kuti matenda awoneke ngati matenda okhudzana ndi chipatala, zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:
- Kuzindikira matenda mkati mwa maola 48 kuchokera pamene munthu walowa m'chipatala.
- Matenda mkati mwa masiku atatu kuchokera pamene anatuluka kuchipatala.
- Matenda mkati mwa masiku 30 kuchokera pamene opaleshoni yachitika.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi majeremusi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya , mavairasi , ndi bowa . Ndipotu, matenda ambiriwa amatha kupewedwa. Izi zimafuna mgwirizano pakati pa ogwira ntchito kuchipatala, odwala, ndi mabanja awo.
Kodi mitundu yofala kwambiri ya matenda okhudzana ndi chipatala ndi iti?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda omwe angachitike kuchipatala. Tiyeni tiwone akuluakulu. Ndawayika patebulo ngati ili kuti amveke mosavuta.
| Mtundu wa Matenda | Mwachidule… |
|---|---|
| Matenda a C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) | Uwu ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a bakiteriya omwe amayambitsa kutupa m'matumbo ndi kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri. Anthu ena amatha kubwereranso patatha milungu ingapo atadwala matendawa. |
| Matenda a mkodzo okhudzana ndi catheter (CAUTI) | Odwala omwe ali ndi catheter kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kudwala matenda a mkodzo. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a matenda okhudzana ndi chipatala ndi amtunduwu. |
| Matenda opatsirana m'magazi omwe amagwirizana ndi mzere wapakati (CLABSI) | Mzere wapakati ndi chubu chapadera chomwe chimayikidwa mu mtsempha waukulu pafupi ndi mtima kuti chipereke mankhwala ndi kutulutsa magazi. Izi zitha kulola majeremusi kulowa m'thupi ndikuyambitsa matenda m'magazi. |
| Matenda a MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus yosagonjetsedwa ndi Methicillin) | Ichi ndi kachilombo kofala kwambiri. Chodabwitsa ndi mabakiteriyawa ndichakuti sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ofala monga penicillin ndi amoxicillin. |
| Matenda a malo ochitira opaleshoni (SSI) | Matendawa amatha kuchitika osati pamwamba pa bala la opaleshoni, minofu yozama, ziwalo, komanso pazida zomwe zayikidwa m'thupi, monga makina oletsa kupweteka kwa mtima. |
| Chibayo chokhudzana ndi mpweya (VAP) | Odwala omwe alumikizidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya amatha kudwala chibayo ngati majeremusi alowa m'mapapo kudzera mu chubu chopumira. |
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda. Koma pali zizindikiro zina zomwe mungaone. Ngati mukulandira chithandizo kuchipatala kapena mwachitidwa opaleshoni posachedwapa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikirozi.
- Malungo
- Kunjenjemera chifukwa cha chimfine
- Kuvuta kupuma (Dyspnea)
- Chifuwa
- Kuwawa kwam'mimba
- Kugunda kwa mtima
- Kutsegula m'mimba
- Kukodza pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse (polyuria)
- Kupsa kapena kupweteka pokodza (Dysuria)
- Kusintha kwa maganizo (monga kukwiya, kukwiya mwadzidzidzi)
Tangoganizirani kuti mwangochitidwa opaleshoni ndipo muli kunyumba. Ngati malo omwe munachitidwa opaleshoniyo afiira, kutupa, ndipo madzi otuwa ngati mafinya akutuluka mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena atatu, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda a opaleshoni (SSI). Zikatero, muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
Kodi matendawa amafalikira bwanji ndipo ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
Matendawa amatha kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Kudzera m'malovu omwe amalowa mumlengalenga munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula .
- Ogwira ntchito zachipatala akakhudza odwala popanda kutsuka m'manja mwawo bwino.
- Mukagwiritsa ntchito zida zachipatala zomwe sizinayeretsedwe.
- Mwa kukhudza malo (zogwirira zitseko, mabedi) omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi panthawi ya chithandizo chilichonse, chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda omwe mwalandira kuchipatala chimakhala chachikulu pang'ono.
- Ma catheter a mkodzo
- Mpweya wabwino
- Majakisoni
- Opaleshoni
Pazochitika zonsezi, khungu, lomwe ndi chotchinga chachilengedwe choteteza thupi lathu, limabowoledwa , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti majeremusi alowe m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamalira ukhondo wonse komanso kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zochitika zotere.
Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matendawa?
Matenda opatsirana omwe apezeka kuchipatala si nkhani yophweka. Ngati sachiritsidwa bwino, angayambitse mavuto aakulu. Mavutowa amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda.
| Mtundu wa matenda | Zovuta zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Matenda a M'magazi Ogwirizana ndi Central Line (CLABSI) | Kutupa kwa mkati mwa mtima (Endocarditis), matenda a mafupa (Osteomyelitis), kufalikira kwa majeremusi m'thupi lonse (Sepsis). |
| Matenda opatsirana pamalo ochitidwa opaleshoni (SSI) | Kuchedwa kuchira kwa bala, kufunikira opaleshoni yatsopano, kukana zipangizo zomwe zaikidwa, sepsis. |
| Matenda a mkodzo (CAUTI) | Matenda obwerezabwereza a mkodzo, sepsis. |
| Chibayo chokhudzana ndi mpweya (VAP) | Kulephera kupuma, empyema, sepsis. |
Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?
Dokotala adzayamba wayang'ana zizindikiro zanu, ndipo ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni, adzayang'ana bala. Ngati akukayikira kuti muli ndi kachilombo, angakufunseni kuti muyese magazi kapena mkodzo kuti atsimikizire kuti matendawa ndi otani.
Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha matendawa.
- Maantibayotiki ngati ndi matenda a bakiteriya
- Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi ngati ndi kachilombo ka mavairasi
- Mankhwala oletsa bowa ngati ndi matenda a bowa
Koma pali vuto limodzi lalikulu apa. Limenelo ndi kusamva mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya imazolowera mankhwala pakapita nthawi ndipo imakhala yosamva mankhwalawo. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu pochiza matenda omwe apezeka kuchipatala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timanena kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo mopanda chifukwa.
Chofunika kwambiri: Kodi matendawa angapewedwe bwanji?
Kupewa matenda ndi bwino kuposa kuchiza, ndipo monga wodwala, inu ndi banja lanu mungathandize kwambiri pa izi.
- Sungani manja anu oyera: Kusamba m'manja bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yoletsera kufalikira kwa majeremusi. Sambani m'manja musanayambe komanso mutapita kuchipatala, makamaka mukapita kwa wodwala.
- Musaope kufunsa mafunso: Funsani dokotala kapena namwino amene akukuthandizani za njira zopewera matenda zomwe amatsatira. Mwachitsanzo, palibe vuto kufunsa kuti, "Dokotala, kodi munasamba m'manja musanandipatse jakisoni?"
- Ngati muli ndi catheter ya mkodzo, samalani nayo:Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala kuti, "Kodi katheta iyi ikufunikirabe?" Chifukwa chiopsezo cha matenda chimakhala chachikulu malinga ngati ili pamalo ake.
- Gwiritsani ntchito maantibayotiki monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera: Imwani mankhwalawo pokhapokha ngati mwauzidwa, pa mlingo wovomerezeka, kwa nthawi yonse yomwe mwauzidwa. Musasiye kuwamwa pakati.
- Dziwani musanachite opaleshoni: Funsani dokotala wanu zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mupewe matenda musanachite opaleshoni komanso mutachita opaleshoni.
- Dziwani zizindikiro za matenda: Ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda monga kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka, kapena mafinya ozungulira bala , dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
- Pezani katemera wofunikira: Pezani katemera wovomerezeka, monga jakisoni wa chimfine, pa nthawi yake.
Timapita kuchipatala tikuyembekeza kuti tichira. N'zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kudwalanso pamalo otere. Koma kumbukirani kuti matenda ambiriwa ndi opewera. Tonsefe tili ndi udindo woteteza thanzi lathu. Ngati muwona china chake chomwe chingakuikeni inu kapena wina pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda, musazengereze kuuza ogwira ntchito zachipatala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda opatsirana m'chipatala (HAIs) ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pamene akulandira chithandizo kuchipatala.
- Izi zingayambitsidwe ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.
- Matenda ambiriwa amatha kupewedwa . Njira yofunika komanso yosavuta yochitira izi ndikusamba m'manja mwanu moyenera .
- Monga wodwala, muli ndi ufulu wofunsa mafunso okhudza chisamaliro chanu chaumoyo. Funsani gulu lanu lachipatala za njira zodzitetezera ku matenda.
- Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda, monga kutentha thupi, kufiira, kapena kutupa kwa bala mutatuluka kuchipatala kapena mutachita opaleshoni, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
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