Kodi tingakambirane za mankhwala omwe amathandiza odwala matenda a autism?

Ndizachibadwa kumva kutopa komanso kuda nkhawa mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism. Mwina mumadzifunsa kuti, "Ndichite chiyani tsopano?" Koma musachite mantha kapena kudzimva kuti ndinu nokha. Pali njira zambiri zochiritsira zomwe zingathandize mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lake , kuchepetsa zizindikiro zake, komanso kupangitsa moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku kukhala wosavuta. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ngati njirazi zitha kuyambika msanga, monga nthawi ya sukulu ya ana aang'ono. Koma sizichedwa, ndipo chithandizo chingayambe pa msinkhu uliwonse.

Ndipotu, akatswiri akulangiza kuti muyambe mwayang'ana njira zimenezi mwamsanga mukangoganiza kuti muli ndi autism, m'malo moyembekezera dokotala kuti atsimikizire kuti mwana wanu ali nayo (kuzindikira mwalamulo). Chifukwa zingatenge nthawi kuti mupeze matenda olondola, kuphatikizapo mayeso ndi nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone njira zodziwika bwino komanso zopambana zomwe zingathandize mwana yemwe ali ndi autism.

Chithandizo cha Masewera

Ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amasewera mosiyana pang'ono ndi ana ena. Angayang'ane kwambiri pa gawo limodzi lokha la chidole (monga mawilo a galimoto) m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito chidole chonsecho. Sachitanso "kusewera mongoyerekeza" ngati ana ena. Sangafune ngakhale kusewera ndi ena.

Koma kwa ana ambiri omwe ali ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), kusewera ndi njira yowonetsera momwe akumvera. Zoseweretsa zawo ndi zochita zawo zimatha kukhala mawu awo. Kudzera mu chithandizo chamasewera ichi, ana amaphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndikupanga ubale wofunika ndi akuluakulu ndi ana ena.

Kodi ubwino wa chithandizo cha masewerochi ndi wotani?

• Maluso ocheza ndi anthu komanso okhudza maganizo akukula.
• Zimathandiza kuganiza mosiyana.
• Luso la chilankhulo ndi kulankhulana limakula.
• Njira zomwe zoseweretsa zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi ena zikukulirakulira.

Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy (OT)

Ngakhale kuti imatchedwa chithandizo cha 'ntchito', si nkhani ya ntchito. Imathandiza pa zochita za mwana za tsiku ndi tsiku . Mwachidule, zinthu monga kumanga mabatani pa shati, kugwira supuni kapena foloko bwino, kumanga zingwe za nsapato, ndi zina zotero. Zingaphatikizeponso luso lililonse lofunikira kusukulu, kuntchito, kapena kusewera.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo amamuyang'anitsitsa mwanayo, amayesa luso lake lochita ntchito zoyenera msinkhu wake, kenako amapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe limagwirizana ndi mwanayo komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa ndi zolinga zake.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe chithandizo chamankhwala cha ntchito chingathandize?

• Ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku: Zinthu monga kuphunzira chimbudzi, kuvala, kutsuka mano.
• Luso la kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ziwalo: Zinthu monga kugwira pensulo ndi kulemba, kudula ndi lumo.
• Luso Loyendetsa Magalimoto : Kuyenda, kukwera masitepe, kukwera njinga.
• Kusunga kaimidwe ka thupi, luso la kuzindikira: kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi mawonekedwe.
• Kudziwa thupi: Kumvetsetsa thupi lako ndi malo ozungulira.
• Maluso monga kusewera, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi kulankhulana .

Kukulitsa luso limeneli kumathandiza mwana kumanga ubale ndi ena, kukhala ndi chidwi ndi ntchito, komanso kulamulira malingaliro ake.

Chithandizo cha Kulankhula

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu pakulankhulana popanda mawu, komanso polankhula. Mwachitsanzo, angavutike kuyang'anana maso, kugwiritsa ntchito manja awo, komanso kudikira nthawi yawo wina akamalankhula. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chithandizo cha kulankhula ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha autism.

Mavuto ofala kwambiri okhudza kulankhula ndi kulankhulana omwe amapezeka mu autism ndi awa:

• Osalankhula konse.
• Kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana (kubangula, kufuula).
• Kulankhula uku akung'ung'udza mokweza nyimbo.
• Kubwereza zomwe ena akunena (izi zimatchedwa `echolalia`).
• Amalankhula ngati loboti, popanda kukhudzidwa mtima, ngakhale atanena mawu ndi ziganizo.
• Osayang'ana m'maso akamalankhula.
• Kusamvetsa tanthauzo lenileni la mawu.

Katswiri wa matenda a chilankhulo adzazindikira mavutowa ndikupeza njira zabwino zowongolera luso la mwana lolankhulana. Angalimbikitsenso njira zina ngati mwanayo sakulankhula.

• Kufotokoza malingaliro pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi.
• Chilankhulo cha manja.
• "Olankhula" apakompyuta.

Kusanthula Khalidwe Logwiritsidwa Ntchito (ABA)

Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri yochiritsira. Mwachidule, mwana akachita chinthu chabwino, kapena achita zinthu m'njira yomwe timayembekezera, timalimbikitsa khalidwe limenelo mwa kuwapatsa 'mphoto'. Mphothoyi ingakhale chidole chomwe amakonda, chakudya chaching'ono, kapena chiyamiko monga "Chabwino kwambiri."

Mu njira iyi, makolo amaphunzitsidwanso kugwira ntchito ndi ana awo kunyumba mwanjira iyi. Izi zingathandize kuti mwana azilankhulana bwino, azidziwa bwino anthu ena, komanso azikwanitsa kuchita zinthu zambiri, monga luso lake logwira ntchito. Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a ABA:

• Maphunziro a Kuyesera Opanda Kuyesera (DTT):Khalidwe kapena luso limaphunzitsidwa mwa kuligawa m'njira zosavuta.
• Kulowererapo kwa Makhalidwe Oyambirira (EIBI): Iyi ndi njira ya ABA yopangidwira ana osakwana zaka zisanu.
• Chithandizo Chachikulu Chokhudza Kuyankha (PRT): Chimayang'ana kwambiri mbali zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mwana (monga kudzisamalira yekha, kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za anthu).
• Kuthandiza Mwana Kulankhula Momasuka (VBI): Cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa luso lake lolankhula.

Kukwera Mahatchi Ochiritsira

Madokotala amatchanso kuti "hippotherapy." Iyi ndi njira yosiyana pang'ono, koma yothandiza kwambiri. Imaphatikizapo mwana kukwera kavalo motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wothandiza. Pamene kavalo akuyenda, mwanayo ayenera kulinganiza thupi lake ndikuyankha mayendedwe amenewo. Zili ngati chithandizo cha thupi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti izi zimathandizira luso la ana lolankhulana ndi anthu, ndipo zimathandiza kuchepetsa kusakhazikika kwawo komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso.