Kodi mtima wanu uli ndi ma cusps awiri mu aortic valve? (Bicuspid Aortic Valve) Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kutopa kapena kutopa? Kapena kodi dokotala adakuikanipo stethoscope pachifuwa panu ndikunena kuti, "Mmm... ndikumva phokoso lachilendo (kudandaula) kuchokera mumtima mwanu"? Chifukwa cha izi chikhoza kukhala kusintha pang'ono mumtima mwanu komwe mudabadwa nako. Musadandaule, lero tikulankhula za vuto lofala lotchedwa Bicuspid Aortic Valve.

Mwachidule, kodi valavu ya Bicuspid Aortic Valve iyi ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tiyeni timvetse izi motere. Pali ma valve anayi akuluakulu mumtima mwathu. Awa ali ngati zipata zomwe zimatseguka mbali imodzi yokha. Mwa awa, imodzi yomwe imatumiza magazi ku aorta, mtsempha waukulu wamagazi womwe umanyamula magazi ambiri ochokera mumtima kupita ku thupi lonse, imatchedwa aortic valve. Nthawi zambiri, mwa munthu wathanzi, aortic valve iyi imakhala ndi ma flaps atatu ang'onoang'ono (cusps kapena timabuku). Ma flaps atatuwa amatseguka ndikutseka mwadongosolo kwambiri kuti alamulire kuyenda kwa magazi. Komabe, mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lotchedwa bicuspid aortic valve, valavu iyi imakhala ndi ma flaps awiri m'malo mwa atatu . Uwu ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Chifukwa chake, popeza pali ma flaps awiri okha, valavu iyi imatha kukhala ndi vuto pang'ono kutsegula ndi kutseka bwino. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto awiri akuluakulu: 1. Aortic Stenosis (kuchepa kwa valavu): Chifukwa valavu simatseguka bwino, pali malo ochepa okha kuti mtima upompe magazi kupita m'thupi. Izi zimapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika. 2. Kubwerera kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya mtima (kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa magazi): Chifukwa chakuti valavu siitseka bwino, magazi ena omwe amapopedwa kupita ku thupi amabwerera mumtima. Mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse kwa zaka zambiri. Koma pakapita nthawi, kupsinjika kumeneku kungayambitse mavuto pamtima wanu.

Kodi vutoli ndi lalikulu bwanji?

Si aliyense amene ali ndi Bicuspid Aortic Valve amene amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu. Koma pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa atatu adzakhala ndi mavuto pakapita nthawi. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse komanso kuyezetsa ngati dokotala wanu akukuuzani kuti muli ndi vutoli. Si zachilendo monga momwe mungaganizire. Limakhudza 1% mpaka 2% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Limakhudzanso amuna kawiri kuposa akazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a majini, monga Turner syndrome, nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Gawo labwino kwambiri ndilakuti ndi ukadaulo wamakono wazachipatala, mutha kuzindikira vutoli ndi kusintha kwake pang'ono musanazindikire zizindikiro. Ndipo ndi chithandizo choyenera, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu, wathanzi, komanso wautali.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Anthu ambiri samakhala ndi zizindikiro kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, pamene ntchito ya valavu ikuchepa, zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera. Mwa ana aang'ono ndi makanda, ngati vutoli ndi lalikulu, zizindikiro monga mtundu wabuluu/wotumbululuka wa khungu (` cyanosis` ) ndi kuvutika kudya kapena kunenepa zimatha kuonekera atangobadwa kumene. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapezeka mwa akuluakulu ndi izi:

Kodi izi zimayambitsa chiyani? Kodi ndi zachibadwa?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha 'Aortic valve' sichinapezekebe. Izi zimachitika mtima wa mwana wosabadwayo ukayamba kukula kumayambiriro kwa mimba. Vutoli limatha kuchitika m'mabanja mpaka pamlingo wina (wobadwa nawo) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati wina m'banja mwanu (amayi, abambo, abale, mwana) ali ndi vutoli, mungakhalenso ndi chiopsezo. Chifukwa chake, ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda amtunduwu a mtima, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu za vutoli. Kenako, ngati akufuna, mutha kuyezetsanso.

Ndi mavuto otani omwe angachitike ngati sanachiritsidwe?

Ngati simunalandire chithandizo pa nthawi yake, mavuto aakulu angabwere.

• Kulephera kwa mtima: Kuchepa kwa valavu (stenosis) kumapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika. Izi zingayambitse minofu ya mtima kukhuthala ndikukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isathe kupopa magazi bwino. Zinthu monga kusuta fodya ndi cholesterol yambiri zimatha kufulumizitsa izi.
• Kuphulika ndi kusweka kwa mtsempha wamagazi: Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa atatu aliwonse omwe ali ndi valavu ya mtsempha wamagazi yokhala ndi bicuspid ali pachiwopsezo cha aorta, mtsempha waukulu pamwamba pa valavu, womwe umakula. Monga momwe baluni imachulukidwira kwambiri, makoma a mtsempha wamagazi uwu amafooka ndikuyamba kuphulika. Izi zimatchedwa aortic aneurysm. Ngati ikukula kwambiri, imatha kuphulika mwadzidzidzi (kusweka) kapena kung'ambika (kusweka). Imeneyi ndi ngozi yowopsa yomwe imafuna chithandizo chachangu .

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?

Kawirikawiri, dokotala amayamba kukayikira kuti pali kugunda kwa mtima akamva phokoso lachilendo ('kugunda kwa mtima') akumvetsera chifuwa chanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Pambuyo pake, dokotala wanu adzayitanitsa mayeso angapo apadera kuti aone kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mtima wanu. Mayeso akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Echocardiogram (echo): Iyi ndi ultrasound scan ya mtima. Imatha kuwona bwino kuchuluka kwa timapepala mu valavu, momwe timagwirira ntchito, komanso ngati pali kutuluka kapena kuchepa kulikonse.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan): Izi zimatha kupanga zithunzi za mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi zomwe zili ndi magawo atatu.
• Kujambula kwa Mtima (MRI) (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Kuyesa kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze zithunzi zambiri za mtima ndi ma valve.

Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?

Ngakhale mankhwala ena, monga beta-blockers, angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, sangachiritse vuto la valavu kwathunthu. Pafupifupi anthu anayi mwa asanu omwe ali ndi Bicuspid Aortic Valve adzafunika opaleshoni nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Opaleshoni ikhoza kukonza valavu yanu kapena kuisintha ndi yatsopano. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakambirana nanu za chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu, kutengera momwe mulili, zaka zanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Mitundu ya opaleshoni

Masiku ano, m'malo mwa opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotsegula mtima, pali njira zamakono monga opaleshoni yochepetsera kufalikira kwa magazi ndi TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement), yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa valavu kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi. Njirazi zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yochira.

Kodi kuchira ndi tsogolo zili bwanji?

Anthu 98% omwe amachitidwa opaleshoni ya valavu amachira bwino, ndipo moyo wawo sukhudzidwa mwanjira iliyonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mutakhala ndi vuto la Bicuspid Aortic Valve, mukalandira chithandizo choyenera komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi monga wina aliyense. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupita kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kupita kukayezetsa kamodzi pachaka.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu? (Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita ku ETU)

Zizindikiro za kuphulika kwa aneurysm ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Ngati mukukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, imbani 911 nthawi yomweyo kuti muyitanitse ambulansi kapena pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU).

• Kupweteka mwadzidzidzi, koopsa, komanso kopweteka pachifuwa kapena kumbuyo.
• Khungu lomata, lotuluka thukuta.
• Chizungulire.
• Kukomoka.
• Kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma.

Valavu ya Aortic ya Bicuspid, Matenda a Valavu ya Mtima, Kupweteka kwa Mtima, Kubwerera kwa Mtima, Opaleshoni ya Mtima, Kupweteka pachifuwa, Kupuma Movutikira