Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kupsinjika pang'ono pachifuwa panu, ngati kuyetsemula? Kapena mumavutika kupuma mukamachita khama pang'ono? Nthawi zina izi zingayambitsidwe ndi mavuto a ma valve mumtima mwathu, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati zipata. Lero tikambirana za matenda okhudzana ndi Aortic Valve, imodzi mwa "zipata" zofunika kwambiri mumtima. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)`.
Kodi `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)` amenewa ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, valavu ya mtsempha wamagazi imalola magazi kuyenda kuchokera ku chipinda chachikulu chopopera cha mtima wanu (ventricle yakumanzere) kupita ku mtsempha waukulu kwambiri wamagazi (aorta) womwe umanyamula magazi kupita nawo ku thupi lonse. Umagwira ntchito ngati chitseko chachikulu cha nyumba. Taganizirani izi, chitsekochi chiyenera kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa nthawi yoyenera.
- Ukatsegula: Nthawi iliyonse mtima ukagunda, valavu iyi iyenera kutseguka mokwanira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magazi onse atuluke mumtima, kupita mu mtsempha wamagazi. Pamenepo magaziwo adzapereka mpweya ndi zakudya m'thupi lonse.
- Mukatseka: Magazi ena akatuluka, valavu iyi iyenera kutseka mwamphamvu, zomwe zimaletsa magazi kuti asabwererenso mumtima.
Ngati chimodzi mwa zinthuzi kapena zonse ziwiri sizikugwira ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za vuto lotchedwa `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)`.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya izi, sichoncho?
Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)`. 1.
`(Aortic Stenosis)` - Kuchepa kwa valavu: Apa ndi pamene chitseko cha mtima, kutanthauza valavu ya aortic, chimachepa ndipo sichingathe kutseguka bwino. Tangoganizani kuti chitseko chimatseguka pang'ono. Kenako palibe malo okwanira kuti magazi atuluke mumtima. Mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti ukankhire magazi kudzera pachitseko chopapatizachi. 2.
`(Aortic Regurgitation)` - Kutuluka kwa valavu: Apa ndi pamene chitseko sichikutseka bwino. Ngati chitseko sichikutseka bwino, magazi ena omwe atuluka amabwerera mumtima. Monga momwe pompo yamadzi singatsekeredwe bwino, madzi amatuluka.
Chofunika ndichakuti, ngakhale mutakhala ndi chimodzi mwa izi kapena zonsezi, simungadziwe nkomwe kwa kanthawi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera matendawa akapitirira pang'ono. Choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.
Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa?
Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kudwala matenda otchedwa "Aortic Valve Disease," anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
- Anthu opitirira zaka 60: Mukakula, kusintha kwa ma valve kumatha kuchitika.
- Anthu omwe amabadwa ndi kusiyana pang'ono kwa ma valve a mtima: Mwachitsanzo, pali vuto lotchedwa " Bicuspid Aortic Valve ". Kawirikawiri, valve ya aortic imakhala ndi timapepala titatu. Koma anthuwa ali ndi timapepala tiwiri.
- ZachibadwaAnthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima (`(Matenda a Mtima Obadwa Nawo)`).
- Anthu omwe adapatsidwa chithandizo cha radiation m'dera la pachifuwa: Chithandizo cha radiation pachifuwa chimaperekedwa pa mitundu ina ya khansa (monga Hodgkin Lymphoma). Izi zitha kukhudza ma valve pakapita nthawi.
- Anthu Odwala Matenda a Mtima Okhudzana ndi Nyamakazi: Matenda a nyamakazi, omwe amayamba ngati matenda a pakhosi, amatha kuwononga ma valve a mtima.
M'mayiko monga America ndi Europe, izi zimaonedwa kuti ndi matenda ofala kwambiri komanso oopsa a mtima. Akuti anthu 6 mwa 10 omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda a mtima amayamba chifukwa cha izi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mutaphatikiza matenda ena onse a mtima (mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid) pamodzi, chiwerengero cha imfa chimakhala chochulukirapo.
Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?
Monga tanenera kale,
sipangakhale zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Komabe, matendawa akamakula, mungayambe kukumana ndi zinthu monga:
- Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kufinya: Zingamveke ngati wina akukufinya pachifuwa.
- Kusazindikira: Kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso.
- Kugunda kwa mtima: Mungamve ngati mtima wanu ukugunda mofulumira mwadzidzidzi, kapena mungamve phokoso "logunda" pachifuwa panu.
- Kupuma movutikira: Kuvutika kupuma , makamaka pochita zinazake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugona pansi, kapena kugona usiku.
- Kutupa kwa miyendo ndi akakolo: Kutupa kwa miyendo ya m'munsi.
N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)` amakulira.
- Valavu imatha ndi ukalamba: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Monga momwe ziwalo za makina zimatha ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
- Matenda a Mtima Okhudzana ndi Nyamakazi: Monga tanenera kale, nyamakazi imawononga ma valve.
- Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo: Mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi valavu ya aorta ya bicuspid.
- Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Kwambiri : Kukhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali kungakhudzenso ma valve.
- Matenda a valavu ya mtima (endocarditis): Kuwonongeka kwa valavu chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya.
- Kuvulala pachifuwa ndi ngozi.
- Kutupa kwa mtsempha wa m'mimba: Kutupa kwa mtsempha wa m'mimba.
- Kung'ambika kwa mtsempha wamagazi: Kung'ambika kwa khoma la mtsempha wamagazi.
- Chithandizo cha radiation pachifuwa (cha zinthu monga khansa).
Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?
Pali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ndi zinthu monga:
- Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 60.
- Ngati pali kukhuthala ndi calcium mu valavu (Aortic Valve Sclerosis) (pankhaniyi, valavuyo sinachepebe, koma ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyambirira cha matendawa).
- Ngati muli ndi vuto la valavu yobadwa nayo, makamaka `(Bicuspid Aortic Valve)`.
- Ngati munakhalapo ndi matenda a nyamakazi m'mbuyomu.
- Ngati mudadwalapo matenda a mtima (endocarditis).
- Ngati muli ndi matenda enaake omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa (monga Marfan Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Lupus).
Kodi pali magawo a matendawa?
Inde, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito magawo anayi pofotokoza kuopsa kwake:
- Gawo A (Pachiopsezo / Gawo A): Valavu yanu ya aorta ikugwira ntchito bwino panthawiyi, koma muli ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chingayambitse matendawa.
- Gawo B (Lopita Patsogolo): Ili ndi Matenda a Aortic Valve ofatsa mpaka apakati. Pali kusintha pang'ono pa ntchito ya valavu, koma mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse pakadali pano.
- Gawo C (Asymptomatic Severe / Gawo C): Iyi ndi mtundu woopsa wa Matenda a Aortic Valve. Mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro mukuchita zinthu zanu zachizolowezi. Komabe, mutha kukumana ndi zizindikiro panthawi yoyeserera kupsinjika kwa thupi.
- C1: Mtima ukhozabe kupompa magazi okwanira kupita ku thupi.
- C2: Mtima sungapope magazi ambiri chonchi (Chigawo Chotulutsa Magazi a M'mitsempha Yamanzere - `(Chigawo Chotulutsa Magazi a M'mitsempha Yamanzere)` ndi chochepera 50%.
- Gawo D (Zoopsa Kwambiri): Muli ndi matenda oopsa a aortic valve omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro m'moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Poyamba, zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika pokhapokha mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma pambuyo pake, zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika ngakhale simukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?
Uwu ndi matenda oopsa, ndipo ngati sachiritsidwa bwino, angayambitse mavuto aakulu.
Vuto lofala komanso loopsa kwambiri ndi kulephera kwa mtima . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtima wanu sungathe kupopera magazi okwanira m'thupi lanu. Izi zingayambitse kulephera kugwira ntchito m'thupi lonse. Mavuto ena ndi awa:
- Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (`(Arrhythmia)`).
- Matenda amtima.
- Kumangidwa kwa Mtima Mwadzidzidzi (`(Kumangidwa kwa Mtima Mwadzidzidzi)`).
- Stroke (`(Stroke)`).
Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi? Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso otani?
Madokotala amazindikira matendawa mwa kukupimani ndikuchita mayeso ena apadera. Pa nthawi yoyezetsa, dokotala adzachita izi:
- Amakufunsani za matenda anu, monga ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matenda a mtima.
- Zizindikiro zanu zofunika kwambiri (kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi zina zotero) zikuyesedwa.
- Mtima umamvetsedwa ndi stethoscope (`(Auscultation)`). Ngati mumva phokoso la mtima losazolowereka (lotchedwa `(Murmur)`), likhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)`.
- Kujambula ECG (electrocardiogram) kumachitika. Izi zimayesa momwe magetsi a mtima amagwirira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo,
`(Echocardiogram)` (Echocardiogram) ndiye mayeso akulu komanso abwino kwambiri odziwira `(Matenda a Aortic Valve)`. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu (`(Ultrasound)`) kujambula zithunzi za mtima ndi ma valve. Izi zitha kuwonetsa chilichonse kuyambira ngati valavu ikutseguka ndi kutseka bwino mpaka ngati magazi akuyenda kumbuyo. Mayeso ena omwe mungakhale nawo:
- Kukonza Catheterization ya Mtima (`(Kukonza Catheterization ya Mtima)`).
- Kujambula mtima pogwiritsa ntchito CT scan.
- X-ray ya pachifuwa.
- Angiogram ya mtima (`(Angiogram ya mtima)`).
- Mayeso Olimbitsa Thupi (`(Mayeso Olimbitsa Thupi)`).
- MRI ya mtima.
Kodi chithandizo chake ndi chiyani?
Chithandizo chimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa Matenda a Aortic Valve omwe muli nawo (stenosis, regurgitation, kapena zonse ziwiri),
momwe alili patsogolo (siteji), ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu. Dokotala wanu adzawunika vuto lanu ndikupangira njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Njira zina zothandizira zingaphatikizepo:
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala sangachiritse vuto lanu la valavu kwathunthu. Koma angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa mtima wanu, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta. Dokotala angapereke mankhwala oletsa kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa cholesterol, kapena kuchiza kulephera kwa mtima.
- Valvuloplasty: Iyi ndi njira yaying'ono yomwe siifuna kudula kwakukulu. Chubu chaching'ono chimayikidwa kudzera mu mwendo kapena mkono wanu, ndipo baluni kumapeto kwa chubu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa valavu yanu yopapatiza ya aortic. Ngati muli ndi aortic stenosis, izi zingathandize kuti magazi aziyenda bwino kudzera mu valavu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri iyi ndi njira yakanthawi.
- Opaleshoni ya Valavu ya Mtima: Mu njira iyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni adzakonza valavu yanu ya aortic kapena kuisintha ndi yatsopano. Valavu yatsopanoyo ingakhale valavu ya minofu kapena valavu ya mtima yopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Nthawi zina, madokotala amachita opaleshoni ya valavu limodzi ndi kupatsirana kwa mitsempha ya mtima (CABG) kapena opaleshoni ina ya mtima.
- Kusintha kwa Valavu ya Mtsempha wa Aortic (TAVR): TAVR ndi njira yatsopano, yosavulaza kwambiri m'malo mwa opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotsegula mtima. M'malo mochita kudula kwakukulu pachifuwa, chubu chaching'ono chimayikidwa kudzera mu mtsempha wamagazi womwe uli mu mwendo kuti aike valavu yatsopano ya mtsempha wa aortic mumtima, ndipo valavu yakale imamangidwa mkati.
- Njira ya Ross: Iyi ndi njira yomwe imafuna valavu yatsopano ya aortic, makamaka kwa anthu osakwana zaka 60. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amalowetsa valavu yanu ya aortic ndi valavu yanu ya pulmonary (valavu yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera pamtima kupita ku mapapo), kenako amalowetsa valavu ya pulmonary yomwe yachotsedwa ndi valavu ya pulmonary yoperekedwa ndi donor. Iyi ndi njira yovuta pang'ono.
Kodi pali njira zopewera izi?
Matenda a Aortic Valve si osavuta kupewa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri amatha chifukwa cha ukalamba, matenda a mtima obadwa nawo, kapena matenda a nthawi yayitali omwe ndi ovuta kuwathetsa. Komabe, mutha kuchita izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu ndikusunga ma valve a mtima wanu athanzi momwe mungathere:
- Pewani fodya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kotheratu. Izi ndi zoipa kwambiri pamtima.
- Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 masiku ambiri a sabata. Ngakhale chinthu chosavuta monga kuyenda kapena kukwera njinga chili bwino.
- Mukadwala, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda a bakiteriya monga strep throat, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati simulandira chithandizo, izi zimatha kukhala rheumatic fever ndikuwononga ma valve a mtima.
- Imwani mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani (monga mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena cholesterol) moyenera komanso panthawi yake.
- Ngati mwayamba matenda a valavu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi zonse kuti akakuwoneni kuti akuthandizeni mwachangu. Ngati apezeka msanga, chithandizocho chimayenda bwino kwambiri.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani mukakhala ndi vutoli?
Mukapezeka ndi matenda a Aortic Valve Disease, momwe angakukhudzireni zimatengera zinthu zambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo nthawi yomwe mwapezeka ndi matendawa,
momwe matendawa apitira patsogolo, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Ndikofunikira kukambirana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za tsogolo lanu. Angakupatseni lingaliro lomveka bwino la momwe mungayankhire chithandizo ndi zomwe mungayembekezere. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani upangiri pakusintha moyo wanu komanso momwe mungadzisamalire tsiku ndi tsiku. Tsatirani malangizo awa mosamala, ndikufunsani mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni zinthu monga:
- Khalani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi la mtima (monga zakudya za ku Mediterranean): Idyani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, nyemba, nsomba, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri. Chepetsani mchere, shuga, ndi mafuta.
- Kuchita Maseŵero Olimbitsa Thupi: Komabe, kutengera kuopsa kwa Matenda a Aortic Valve yanu, mungakhale ndi malamulo oletsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi zomwe simuyenera kuchita.
- Siyani kusuta fodya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya.
- Pofuna kupewa matenda a mtima (endocarditis), ndikofunikira kusamalira mano ndi mkamwa mwanu bwino: Kutsuka mano anu tsiku lililonse komanso kupita kwa dokotala wa mano nthawi zonse n'kofunika.
Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani kangati komwe muyenera kupita kwa dokotala wanu.
Ndikofunikira kuti musunge nthawi yanu yonse yokumana. Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani nthawi zonse, monga echocardiogram, kuti ayang'anire momwe mtima wanu ndi valavu yanu zimagwirira ntchito. Mayesowa angathandize
dokotala wanu kukupatsani chithandizo choyenera ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zina mtsogolo.
Imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati:- Ngati zizindikiro zanu (monga kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira) zikuipiraipira.
- Ngati muyamba zizindikiro zatsopano.
- Ngati muli ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa chifukwa cha mankhwala anu.
Kodi muyenera kupita ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa liti?
Ngati chinthu chonga ichi chikukuchitikirani
, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo, kapena imbani 1990:- Palibe vuto ngati mutakomoka kapena kutaya chidziwitso.
- Ngati mugwa mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi (monga Warfarin, Aspirin). Mankhwalawa amawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi mkati mwa thupi ngati mugwa kapena kuvulala.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda pachilonda chanu (kufiira, kutupa, malungo, mafinya onunkhira) mutachita opaleshoni kapena opaleshoni.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima (`(Zizindikiro za Matenda a Mtima)`): kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, kuvutika kupuma, ululu womwe umafalikira ku dzanja lamanzere, khosi, nsagwada, thukuta, nseru, kusanza.
- Ngati mwadzidzidzi mukuvutika kupuma kwambiri.
- Zizindikiro za sitiroko ndi monga: dzanzi kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi, kulankhula movutikira, kugwa mbali imodzi ya nkhope, kusintha kwa masomphenya mwadzidzidzi, ndi mutu waukulu.
Kupeza kuti muli ndi matenda a Aortic Valve kungakhale koopsa komanso kotopetsa. Zimenezo n’zachibadwa. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ndi mankhwala apamwamba a masiku ano, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri zizindikiro zanu, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta, ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wokangalika. Ngati mukumva nkhawa kapena kuda nkhawa za tsogolo, kulankhula ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima komanso kulowa m'magulu othandizira kungakuthandizeni. Funsani dokotala wanu za izi.
Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kutenga kuchokera m'nkhaniyi?
Matenda a Aortic Valve ndi matenda omwe amakhudza valavu yofunika kwambiri mumtima mwathu ndipo akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri. Koma
musaiwale kuti ngati apezeka msanga, kutsatiridwa ndi upangiri woyenera wa dokotala, ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, amatha kulamulidwa bwino. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, makamaka kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kutopa, kapena kukomoka, musanyalanyaze poganiza kuti "ndi zina chabe."
Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupeza upangiri. Kumbukirani, kusamalira mtima wanu ndiye thandizo lalikulu lomwe mungadzichitire nokha! Mtima wathanzi umatanthauza moyo wathanzi.
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