Kodi munaganizapo kuti ndi thandizo limodzi lokha, mungapulumutse moyo wonse wa munthu amene akudwala matenda aakulu monga khansa ya m'magazi? Kodi sizodabwitsa kwenikweni? Ndicho chimene kupereka maselo oyambira magazi kulili. Kumva dzinali kungamveke koopsa pang'ono, ndipo kungawoneke ngati nkhani yaikulu. Koma lero tikambirana za izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi maselo oyambira magazi amenewa ndi ati?
Mwachidule, maselo oyambira ndi mtundu wa selo 'lapamwamba' m'thupi lathu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, maselo amenewa akhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo lomwe thupi limafuna. Maselo oyambira magazi awa omwe tikukambawa amatha kupanga mitundu yonse itatu yofunika ya maselo m'magazi mwathu: maselo ofiira amagazi, maselo oyera amagazi, ndi ma platelet. Maselo amenewa nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mafupa athu.
Choncho, munthu akadwala khansa ya m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi, chomwe chimachitika ndi chakuti fakitale yopanga maselo mu mafupa imataya mphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo mwa maselo athanzi, maselo osazolowereka komanso odwala amapangidwa. Pamenepo ndi pamene pakufunika kuyika maselo oyamba athanzi.
Ndani akufunika kuikidwa maselo oyambira?
Pali matenda angapo omwe chithandizochi chingapulumutse moyo. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi magazi ndi chitetezo chamthupi.
Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuwononga mafupa a wodwalayo omwe awonongeka komanso odwala ndikuyika m'malo mwake maselo oyambira omwe atengedwa kuchokera kwa munthu wathanzi. Kenako maselo atsopanowa amakhala m'mafupa a wodwalayo ndikuyamba kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi athanzi.
Nazi zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimafuna chithandizo ichi:
- Khansa ya m'magazi: Khansa ya maselo oyera a magazi.
- Lymphoma: Khansa ya dongosolo la lymphatic.
- Multiple Myeloma: Khansa ya maselo a plasma m'mafupa.
- Aplastic Anemia: Matenda omwe mafupa sangathe kupanga maselo atsopano.
- Matenda a Sickle Cell Anemia: Matenda obadwa nawo omwe amachititsa kuti mawonekedwe a maselo ofiira a magazi asinthe.
- Matenda ena osiyanasiyana a myeloma ndi mafupa.
Kodi mumasankha bwanji 'choyenera kwambiri'?
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kwambiri pa ndondomekoyi. Monga momwe mtundu wa magazi umagwirizanirana popereka magazi, kupereka maselo oyambira kumafuna kufanana kwakukulu. Izi zimatchedwa HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) matching .
HLA ndi gulu la zizindikiro pamwamba pa selo iliyonse m'thupi lathu. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimayang'ana zizindikiro izi kuti chizindikire ngati 'izi ndi gawo la thupi lathu' kapena 'izi ndi zachilendo.' Zizindikiro za HLA za wopereka ndi wolandira ziyenera kukhala zofanana momwe zingathere. Ngati sizili choncho, thupi la wodwalayo lingakane maselo atsopano omwe angoikidwa kumene, kapena maselo atsopano angaukire thupi la wodwalayo.
Madokotala amafunafuna munthu woyenera motere:
1. Achibale apamtima: Abale ndi alongo ndi omwe angakhale ogwirizana kwambiri. Pakhozanso kukhala machesi pakati pa makolo ndi ana.
2. Opereka chithandizo osagwirizana: Ngati wachibale sali wofanana, wofananayo amafufuzidwa kudzera m'maakaunti a opereka chithandizo cha maselo oyambira padziko lonse lapansi.
3. Opereka chithandizo cha Haploidentical: Nthawi zina, wachibale (monga makolo, ana) yemwe ali ndi chiwerengero chofanana ndi cha HLA markers angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kodi inunso mungakhale wopereka nawo gawo? - Njirayi ikuchitika pang'onopang'ono
Ngati wina akufuna kuchita chinthu chabwino ngati ichi, pali njira yoyenera yochitira izi. Izi zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha woperekayo ndi wolandirayo.
| Masitepe | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| 1. Kulembetsa | Choyamba, muyenera kulowa nawo m'kaundula wa opereka chithandizo, komwe mudzadzaza mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu yaumoyo ndikuwonetsa chilolezo chanu. |
| 2. Kuyesa kwa HLA | Kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti mudziwe mtundu wa HLA yanu. N'kosavuta kwambiri. Mumapukuta mkati mwa pakamwa panu ndi thonje laling'ono ndikutumiza chitsanzo cha selo kuti chikayesedwe. |
| 3. Kupeza wofanana naye | Ngati mtundu wanu wa HLA ukugwirizana ndi wodwala, kaundula adzakulankhulani. Izi zitha kutenga miyezi, mwina zaka. Kapena sizingafanane. |
| 4. Mayeso otsimikizira | Ngati pali chofanana, magazi adzatengedwa kuti atsimikizire zambiri komanso kuti akugwirizana ndi zomwe zili m'magaziwo. Kuyezetsa kwathunthu kwachipatala kudzachitikanso kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino. |
| 5. Kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza | Mlangizi adzakufotokozerani zonse zokhudza ndondomekoyi, zoopsa zake, ndi zina zonse. Kenako, chilolezo chanu chodziwitsidwa chidzapezeka. |
Ndani amene sangakwanitse izi?
Si aliyense amene angapereke maselo oyambira. Ukalamba ndi thanzi labwino ndiye zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Kawirikawiri, anthu athanzi azaka zapakati pa 18-40 akhoza kulembetsa. Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakulepheretseni kupereka ndi izi:
- Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS.
- Matenda a autoimmune monga nyamakazi yoopsa (monga nyamakazi ya rheumatoid).
- Kukhala ndi mbiri ya matenda a mtima (kudwala mtima, opaleshoni ya bypass).
- Popeza ndalandira chithandizo cha khansa (makamaka m'zaka 5 zapitazi).
- Matenda a shuga pogwiritsa ntchito insulin.
- Matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B kapena C.
- Matenda aakulu a impso.
Mndandanda uwu si wokwanira. Ngati mukufuna kupereka koma simukudziwa ngati mukuyenerera, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za nkhaniyi.
Momwe njira yokolola maselo imagwirira ntchito
Mukangovomerezedwa ngati wopereka, mudzapatsidwa jakisoni tsiku lililonse kuyambira masiku angapo maselo anu asanayambe kusonkhanitsa. Izi zimatchedwa Filgrastim . Jakisoni iyi imalimbikitsa mafuta anu am'mafupa kuti atulutse maselo ambiri m'magazi mwanu. Jakisoni iyi ingayambitse zotsatirapo zazing'ono, monga kupweteka kwa thupi, kutentha thupi pang'ono, ndi mutu. Komabe, izi zimatha msanga mutalandira jakisoni.
Pa tsiku losonkhanitsa maselo, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:
1. Mudzaikidwa pampando kapena pabedi lomasuka.
2. Kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kadzalowetsedwa mu mtsempha m'manja mwanu onse awiri.
3. Kumbali imodzi, magazi anu amapita mu makina. Makinawa amalekanitsa maselo oyambira okha ndi magazi.
4. Maselo oyambira akalekanitsidwa, magazi otsalawo amabwerera m'thupi lanu kudzera mu kanula yomwe ili m'dzanja lina.
Ntchito yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi maola 4-6. Zingatenge masiku awiri kapena atatu kuti asonkhanitse chiwerengero chofunikira cha maselo. Zili ngati kupereka magazi, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali.
Palibe zoopsa zazikulu kapena zotsatirapo zoyipa pambuyo pa njirayi. Anthu ena angakumane ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa calcium komanso kupweteka kwa minofu. Panthawiyo, gulu lachipatala lidzakupatsani piritsi la calcium. Mukamaliza kupereka, mutha kupitiriza ntchito zanu zachizolowezi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kupereka maselo oyambira magazi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri, monga kupereka moyo kwa munthu amene akudwala matenda aakulu monga khansa ya m'magazi.
- Iyi ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri kwa woperekayo. Sipadzakhala vuto kwa nthawi yayitali pa thupi lanu.
- Kuti mukhale wopereka, muyenera kukhala munthu wathanzi komanso kutsatira malangizo azachipatala.
- Popeza kufananiza wopereka ndi wodwala kumadalira mtundu wa HLA, izi zitha kukhala zochitika zachilendo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu ambiri alembetse ngati opereka.
- Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za njirayi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi. Adzakupatsani malangizo oyenera.
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