Madokotala akamakupezani ndi khansa ya m'mawere, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mankhwala a chemotherapy. Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukamva izi. Koma mukadziwitsidwa bwino za mankhwala awa, mutha kuthana ndi mantha amenewo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a chemotherapy. Mankhwala a alkylating ndi amodzi mwa magulu akuluakulu a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mawere. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta lero.
Kodi mankhwala otchedwa Alkylating Agents amagwira ntchito bwanji kwenikweni?
Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyenera kuganizira za maselo a khansa. Maselo a khansa ndi maselo omwe amagawikana ndikuchulukana mwachangu kwambiri popanda kulamulira. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anali amodzi mwa mankhwala oyamba omwe adapezeka polimbana ndi khansa. Amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri mpaka pano.
Mwachidule, mtundu uwu wa mankhwala umagwira ntchito poletsa maselo a khansa kuti asadzipangire okha, kutanthauza kuti, kuti asagawanike ndikukula. Umachita izi mwa:
Selo lililonse lili ndi pulani yonse, kapena "pulani," ya selo limenelo. Timatcha DNA iyi. Zimene ma alkylating agents amachita ndi kupita mwachindunji ku DNA ya selo la khansa ndikudziphatika okha. Monga momwe kiyi imodzi singagwire ntchito ngati mutayiphatikiza ku ina, pamene mankhwala awa agwirizana ndi DNA, selo limenelo silingagawanike.
Kugawikana kwa maselo kukasiya motere, maselo a khansa amafa pang'onopang'ono. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha njira iyi apoptosis . Ndiko kuti, kufa kwa maselo kokonzedwa.
Chinthu china chapadera cha mankhwala awa ndichakuti amatha kuukira ndikuwononga selo la khansa pa gawo lililonse la moyo wake. Izi zimatchedwa `cell-cycle phase nonspecific`. Chifukwa chake, ndi othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mitundu yambiri ya khansa, makamaka yomwe imakula mwachangu.
Mankhwalawa angakupatseni ngati piritsi kapena ngati madzi amchere kudzera mu mtsempha (IV - kudzera m'mitsempha). Kawirikawiri, dokotala wanu amapereka mankhwalawa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena a chemotherapy (kuphatikiza mankhwala).
Kodi mitundu ya Alkylating Agents ndi iti?
Gulu la mankhwala awa lagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo. Ngakhale mayina a mankhwalawa ndi ovuta pang'ono, ndibwino kudziwa chifukwa mutha kupeza amodzi mwa awa omwe ali papepala lanu la mankhwala.
| Gulu la Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo | Mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu limenelo (Zitsanzo) |
|---|---|
| Mpunga wa nayitrogeni | bendamustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide , ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan |
| Ethylenamine ndi zotumphukira za methylenamine | altretamine, thiotepa |
| Alkyl sulfonates | busulfani |
| Ma Triazene | dacarbazine, procarbazine, temozolomide |
| Zothandizira zokhala ndi platinamu | carboplatin , cisplatin, oxaliplatin |
| Nitrosoureas | carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin |
Pakati pa izi, gulu la mankhwala otchedwa Nitrosoureas ndi lapadera pang'ono. Chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kudutsa gawo loteteza lotchedwa 'chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo' chomwe chimateteza ubongo wathu. Mankhwala ambiri sangadutse chotchinga ichi. Chifukwa chake, ndi ofunikira pochiza khansa yokhudzana ndi ubongo.
Ndi mitundu iti ya khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri?
Mankhwala omwe ali m'magulu a ' Nitrogen Mustards' ndi 'Ethylenamine ndi methylenamine derivatives' amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza magawo osiyanasiyana a khansa ya m'mawere.
Cytoxan (Cyclophosphamide)
Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu la `Nayitrogeni mpiru`. Mutha kuwamwa ngati piritsi kapena kuwapereka ngati IV mumtsempha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa:
- Pewani khansa yoyambirira kuti isabwererenso mutachita opaleshoni.
- Ngati khansa yakula, chepetsani chotupacho musanachite opaleshoni.
- Chiritsani khansa yotsogola mutatha opaleshoni ndi mankhwala ena.
Thiotepa
Ichi ndi chochokera ku `Ethylenamine`. Nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa:
- Mu khansa yoyambirira, chepetsani chiopsezo chobwereranso .
- Chithandizo cha khansa yapamsinkhu wapamwamba.
Carboplatin
Iyi ndi mankhwala okhala ndi platinamu. Ndi mankhwala okhawo a platinamu omwe amavomerezedwa pochiza khansa ya m'mawere. `Carboplatin` nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa khansa yopita patsogolo, komanso pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena a chemotherapy. Amaperekedwanso ngati IV.
Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
Chimodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu ndi chemotherapy ndikuti sichingathe kusiyanitsa maselo a khansa ndi maselo athanzi. Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi maselo omwe amagawikana mwachangu. Maselo a khansa, monga maselo ena athanzi m'thupi lathu (monga maselo omwe amapanga tsitsi lathu, maselo omwe ali pakamwa pathu ndi m'matumbo, ndi maselo amagazi), amagawikana mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amakhudzanso maselo athanzi, ndichifukwa chake amayambitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.
Zotsatirapo izi sizimachitika kwa aliyense mofanana. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zambiri, ena akhoza kukhala ndi zochepa. Musadandaule ndi izi. Dokotala wanu angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zinthu zambirizi.
| Mtundu wa zotsatira zoyipa |
|---|
| Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe anthu ambiri angakumane nazo |
| Kusanza ndi kusanza, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kuchepa thupi, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba |
| Kutopa |
| Kutaya tsitsi, zilonda pakamwa kapena lilime |
| Kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu, mtundu kapena kukula kwa misomali ya zala ndi zala za mapazi |
| Kuchepa kwa maselo oyera m'magazi (izi zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda) |
| Kusamba kosakhazikika kwa akazi |
| Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo |
| Malungo, kuzizira, kupweteka pakhosi (zizindikiro za matenda) |
| Kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala, kuvulala kosazolowereka kapena kutuluka magazi |
| Chimbudzi chakuda kapena chochedwa, kupweteka pokodza, kapena magazi mu mkodzo |
| Ziphuphu pakhungu, ziphuphu, kuyabwa |
| Kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza, kupuma movutikira, chifuwa |
| Kutupa kwa miyendo, akakolo, kapena mapazi, kupweteka pachifuwa |
| Kuoneka kwachikasu pakhungu kapena m'maso (zizindikiro za jaundice) |
Zadzidzidzi!
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU) nthawi yomweyo kapena imbani ambulansi ya 1990:
* Chidendene chakuda
* Kutuluka magazi komwe sikungatheke kuletsedwa
* Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma
* Kupweteka pachifuwa
* Zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la ziwengo (monga kutupa kwa nkhope, milomo)
Kawirikawiri, zinthu zoyambitsa alkylating izi zimatha kuwononga mafupa athu. Mafupa ndi komwe thupi lathu limapanga maselo atsopano a magazi. Pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotenga khansa yamtundu wina, monga khansa ya m'magazi, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kumeneku. Chiwopsezochi nthawi zambiri chimawonjezeka pang'ono pamene mlingo wa mankhwala ukuwonjezeka. Musadandaule ndi izi mopanda chifukwa.Musanayambe kulandira chithandizo, kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochepetsera chiopsezo chotenga khansa yachiwiri ngati iyi. Iye adzakupatsani malangizo onse omwe mukufuna.
Zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira mukamalandira chithandizo
Popeza awa ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu mbiri yanu yonse yachipatala kuti athe kukonza dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lingakukondereni ndikuchepetsa zotsatirapo zake. Onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana izi ndi dokotala wanu:
- Za ziwengo zilizonse zomwe muli nazo (mankhwala, zakudya).
- Zokhudza mavitamini, zowonjezera, kapena mankhwala azitsamba omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
- Zokhudza matenda a impso kapena chiwindi chanu.
- Ngati mudalandirapo chithandizo cha chemotherapy kale, tiuzeni za izi.
- Ngati muli ndi pakati, mukuyamwitsa, kapena mukukonzekera kukhala ndi mwana posachedwa .
- Ngati muli ndi opaleshoni iliyonse yoti muchite mtsogolo, kambiranani za iyo.
Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola, makamaka ngati mukumwa mapiritsi. Ngati mwaiwala kumwa mlingo, imwani mlingo wotsatira monga momwe munakonzera. Musamwe mlingo umodzi nthawi imodzi kuti mubwezeretse mlingo womwe munaphonya. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala musanasiye kumwa mankhwala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mtundu wa mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy omwe amawononga DNA ya maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kugawikana.
- Chifukwa mankhwala amenewa amakhudza maselo a khansa komanso kugawa maselo athanzi mofulumira, angayambitse mavuto monga nseru ndi kutayika kwa tsitsi. Izi zitha kuthandizidwa.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mbiri yanu yonse ya matenda, mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa, ndi ziwengo.
- Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zazikulu monga kupuma movutikira kapena kutuluka magazi kwambiri, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.
- Musasinthe mlingo wa mankhwala kapena kusiya chithandizo popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu