Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza khansa ya m'mawere

Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu kapena mnzanu amene wapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere? Ngati sichoncho, mungamve mantha pang'ono kapena kufuna kudziwa zambiri mukakambirana za khansayi. Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Ndani amaipeza? Kodi chiopsezo chake chili bwanji? Tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi m'njira yosavuta komanso yaubwenzi lero. Kudziwa zinthu izi ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa inu ndi okondedwa anu.

Kodi madokotala amagawa bwanji khansa ya m'mawere?

Khansa ya m'mawere si yofanana. Madokotala amaigawa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Amaigawa m'magulu kutengera komwe khansa imayambira m'mawere, ma hormone receptors omwe maselo a khansa ali nawo, komanso momwe khansa yafalikira. Kugawa kumeneku kumasankha chithandizo ndipo kumapereka lingaliro la mwayi wochira.

Mwachidule, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

1. Yosalowa m'thupi (ili ndi gawo limodzi lokha): Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansa sinafalikire kupitirira pomwe idayambira. Taganizirani ngati udzu. Ili m'dera limodzi lokha. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi ` Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS).` Apa, maselo a khansa ali mkati mwa ducts za mkaka zokha.

2. Kufalikira: Izi zimachitika pamene khansa yafalikira kupitirira njira zotulutsira mkaka kapena ma lobules omwe amapanga mkaka komwe idayambira, kupita ku ziwalo zina za bere kapena ku ma lymph nodes omwe ali m'khwapa. Khansa zambiri za m'mawere zimagwera m'gulu ili.

Kuphatikiza apo, amagawidwanso m'magulu malinga ndi ma receptor omwe ali pa maselo a khansa. Ma receptor awa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa maselo a khansa.

Mitundu ina yosowa

• Khansa ya m'mawere yotupa: Iyi ndi mtundu wosowa womwe umafalikira mofulumira kwambiri. Bere limakhala lofiira ndi kutupa.
• Matenda a Paget a nipple: Mtundu wa khansa yomwe imapezeka mu nipple.
• Angiosarcoma: Imayamba m'maselo a mitsempha yamagazi.
• Khansa ya m'mawere yofalikira: Izi zimachitika pamene maselo a khansa amachoka pa bere ndikupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi (nthawi zambiri mafupa, ubongo, mapapo, kapena chiwindi) kuti apange zotupa zatsopano.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere?

Zinthu zina zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Zina mwa izi tingathe kuziletsa, zina sitingathe.

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo :

• Zaka: Azimayi opitirira zaka 50 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Mbiri ya banja: Kukhala ndi wachibale wapafupi, monga mayi, mlongo, kapena mwana wamkazi, yemwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
• Mbiri ya moyo wanu: Ngati munakhalapo ndi khansa m'bere limodzi, muli pachiopsezo chotenga khansa m'bere lina.
• Kusamba: Kuyamba kwa msambo usanakwanitse zaka 12 kapena kuyamba kwa msambo utatha zaka 55.
• Kukhala ndi ana: Kukhala ndi mwana woyamba mutakwanitsa zaka 30, kusabereka ana, kapena kusayamwitsa ana anu.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Munthu amene walandira chithandizo cha radiation m'dera la pachifuwa.
• Moyo: Kunenepa kwambiri, kumwa mowa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena a mahomoni ndi mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji khansa msanga?

MammogramNdi X-ray ya mabere. Iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira khansa isanawonekere zizindikiro. Ikapezeka msanga, mwayi wochira kwathunthu umawonjezeka ndi chithandizo.

Ngati pali malo okayikitsa pa mammogram, dokotala angakulangizeni kuti mupite ku MRI, ultrasound scan, ndi biopsy (kutenga chidutswa cha minofu kuti chikaunikidwe) kuti atsimikizire ngati ndi khansa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, kufalikira kwake kwafalikira bwanji.

Mabungwe osiyanasiyana azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi amapereka malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza zaka ndi kuchuluka kwa ma mammogram. Malangizo ambiri ndi oti muyambe mutakwanitsa zaka 40. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yoyezetsa yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu.

Kodi mwayi wochira ndi chithandizo ndi wotani?

Anthu ambiri akupulumuka khansa ya m'mawere masiku ano kuposa kale lonse, chifukwa cha kuzindikirika msanga komanso chithandizo chabwino.

• Ngati khansayo sinafalikire kunja kwa bere, mwayi wopulumuka zaka 5 ndi wokwera kufika pa 99% .
• Ngati yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi, mwayi ndi pafupifupi 86% .
• Ngati yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi (metastatic) , mwayi ndi 29% . Koma ngakhale pankhaniyi, anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, kukula kwa chotupacho, ndi zotsatira za mahomoni.

• Mankhwala achikhalidwe: Opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi chemotherapy zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri.
• Mankhwala Oyenera: Awa ndi mankhwala atsopano komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri. Amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi maselo a khansa okha.
• Mankhwala a mahomoni: Mankhwala monga `Tamoxifen` amaperekedwa kwa khansa yodalira mahomoni.
• Mankhwala a HER2: Pa khansa ya HER2, mankhwala monga Trastuzumab (Herceptin) amaletsa puloteni ya HER2 ndikuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Mankhwala monga ``Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)`` amathandiza chitetezo chathu chamthupi kumenyana ndi maselo a khansa.
• Ma PARP Inhibitors: Mankhwala monga `Olaparib (Lynparza)` amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yokhala ndi kusintha kwa majini a `BRCA`.

Dokotala wanu adzachita mayeso a majini ndi mayeso ena kuti adziwe chithandizo choyenera komanso chopambana kwa inu.