Mankhwala a khansa ndi matupi athu? Zimene muyenera kudziwa zokhudza chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi

Tikamva mawu oti "khansa," mantha ndi nkhawa zimatibwerera m'maganizo. Zimenezo n'zachibadwa. Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, njira zochiritsira khansa zasintha kwambiri. Lero, ndikulankhula nanu za njira yabwino kwambiri yochiritsira yomwe yasintha masewerawa polimbana ndi khansa ndikubweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano kwa anthu ambiri. Izi zimatchedwa Immunotherapy. Mwachidule, m'malo mopereka mankhwala akunja kuti amenyane ndi khansa , timagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chathu kuti timenyane nayo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito.

Kotero, kodi Immunotherapy ndi chiyani?

Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Ngati muli ndi vuto la ziwengo , monga fumbi, mwina mwalandira jakisoni wa ziwengo. Jakisoniyo ali ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa ziwengo. Ikalowa m'thupi lanu, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimayamba kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi izi, koma osakudwalitsani. Mukawonjezera pang'onopang'ono mlingo, thupi lanu limazolowera zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu limapeza chitetezo ku izi.

Chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi ndi chinthu chonga chimenecho. Khansa ndi pamene imodzi mwa maselo athu imayamba kuchita zinthu "zoipa" mopanda mphamvu. Chiyembekezo cha chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi ndi kuthandiza chitetezo chathupi lathu kuzindikira "maselo oipa" awa ndikudziphunzitsa kuwawononga. Monga momwe zimakhalira polimbana ndi kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya chithandizo cha immunotherapy ndi iti?

Ofufuza apeza njira zingapo zomwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chingadziwire ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina yayikulu.

1. Chithandizo cha T-Cell Immunotherapy (chithandizo cha T-cell chophunzitsidwa mwapadera)

Izi zili ngati kuphunzitsa asilikali apadera. Msilikali mmodzi wamkulu mu chitetezo chathu chamthupi amatchedwa maselo T.

Mu chithandizochi, madokotala amatenga ena mwa ma T-cell awa kuchokera ku chotupa chanu. Kenako, mu labu, amafufuza kuti ndi ma T-cell ati omwe amalimbana ndi khansa kwambiri. Amasankha "asilikali abwino kwambiri," amawapanga majini, amawapangitsa kukhala olimba kwambiri, ndikuwathandiza kukhala mamiliyoni ambiri.

Pomaliza, "gulu lankhondo la T-cell lokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri" limabwezeretsedwa m'thupi lanu kudzera mu IV. Tsopano maselo awa amapita mwachindunji kukafunafuna ndikuwononga maselo a khansa.

Chimodzi mwa mankhwala otchuka kwambiri m'gululi ndi chithandizo cha maselo a CAR T. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi komanso mitundu ingapo ya khansa, monga lymphoma, yomwe sinayankhepo ku mankhwala ena.

2. Zoletsa Zoyang'ana

Chitetezo chathu chamthupi chilinso ndi njira ya “mabuleki.” Izi zimatchedwa malo oyesera. Mabuleki amenewa alipo kuti aletse chitetezo chathu chamthupi kuukira maselo athu athanzi mosafunikira.

Koma maselo a khansa ochenjera amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi yoyendetsera mabuleki. Amapanga mapuloteni pamwamba pawo omwe amachititsa kuti malo oimika magalimoto atsekedwe, kutumiza chizindikiro ku njira yodzitetezera, kuti, "Ndili m'modzi mwa inu, musandiukire." Zili ngati wakuba atavala yunifolomu ya apolisi.

Mankhwala oletsa khansa amagwira ntchito potulutsa "buleki" yomwe imasunga maselo a khansa m'malo mwake. Izi zimathandiza maselo athu a T kuzindikira khansa ngati mdani ndikuiukira.

Njira yochiritsira iyi tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa mitundu yambiri ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mapapo, ya m'mawere, ya impso, ndi ya pakhungu (melanoma).

3. Ma antibodies a monoclonal

Izi ndi ma antibodies, opangidwa mwapadera mu labu. Ali ngati "zipolopolo" zomwe zimatha kufunafuna ndikugwira maselo a khansa.

Chitetezo chathu chamthupi sichingathe kuzindikira maselo a khansa nthawi zonse ngati "oipa." Ma antibodies a monoclonal amawathandiza kuchita zimenezo. Ma antibodies amenewa amamatira pamwamba pa maselo a khansa. Kenako, zimakhala ngati mbendera ikuuluka pamwamba pa selo limenelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chiziona mosavuta. Zili ngati kunena kuti, "Nayi mdani." Kenako maselo a T amatha kuwononga maselo a khansa mosavuta.

Ma antibodies ena a monoclonal ali ndi mankhwala oletsa khansa ( chemotherapy ) kapena zinthu zowononga ma radiation zomwe zimayikidwa pa iwo. Kenako antibody iyi imanyamula mankhwalawa mwachindunji ku selo ya khansa ndikuipereka.

4. Katemera wa Khansa

Izi zili ngati katemera wamba. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

• Katemera woteteza: Awa ndi katemera woteteza ku mavairasi omwe angayambitse khansa. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi katemera wa HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Kachilombo ka HPV aka kangayambitse khansa ya pachibelekero komanso mitundu ina yambiri ya khansa. Kulandira katemera wa HPV kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo chimenecho. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikupeza zambiri.
• Katemera wochizira: Izi zimapangidwa kuti ziphunzitse chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chithane ndi khansa yomwe ili kale m'thupi.

Kodi tsogolo la chithandizo cha immunotherapy ndi lotani?

Chithandizo cha matenda a immunotherapy chikukula mofulumira, chifukwa asayansi akuyesetsa nthawi zonse kumvetsetsa momwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimalimbana ndi khansa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akuchitika kuti awone ngati chithandizo cha immunotherapy chingaperekedwe pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy, kuti ziwongolere zotsatira. Nthawi zina, mitundu iwiri ya chithandizo cha immunotherapy imaperekedwa pamodzi.

Koma pakadali funso lalikulu lomwe silinayankhidwebe. Ndicho chifukwa chake chithandizochi, monga mankhwala ena, chimagwira ntchito bwino kwa odwala ena pomwe sichigwira ntchito bwino kwa ena. Kafukufuku akupitilirabe kuti apeze zifukwa zake.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy, chithandizo cha khansa, chithandizo cha khansa sinhala , maselo a T, zoletsa zoyang'anira, ma antibodies a monoclonal, chithandizo cha maselo a CAR T, khansa, Sri Lanka