Kodi mwana wanu wamng'ono samasewera ngati ana ena? Kodi mumamva ngati ali yekha m'dziko lake? Nthawi zina amaoneka kuti sakumvetsera tikamalankhula, ndipo nthawi zina samayang'ana zomwe tikumuonetsa. Zinthu zimenezi zingakupangitseni kuda nkhawa kwambiri, komanso mantha pang'ono. Ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za mankhwala atsopano omwe alipo kwa ana otere, omwe angathandize miyoyo yawo kukhala yabwino kwambiri.
Kodi mungaphunzitse kusewera? - Kujambula Makanema
Tangoganizirani izi. Pali zoseweretsa za Batman ndi Robin patebulo. Aphunzitsi akuwonetsa kanema waufupi wa munthu akutenga zoseweretsa izi ndikusewera nazo munkhani yokongola. Mnyamata wamng'ono, wazaka pafupifupi 6, akuonera kanemayu mwachidwi kwambiri. Ali ndi vuto la autism.
Kanemayo akatha, mphunzitsiyo akumugwira mutu mwachikondi n’kupita naye patebulo ndi zoseweretsa. Tsopano akuyembekezeka kusewera polankhula zomwezo monga momwe adawonera mu kanemayo.
Njira imeneyi imatchedwa Kujambula Makanema . Nthawi zambiri, ana amasewera mwa kupanga nkhani m'maganizo mwawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zoseweretsa mwanjira imeneyo. Koma ana omwe ali ndi autism sabadwa ndi luso limenelo. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kuphunzitsidwa momwe angasewere mwanjira imeneyo. Cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa pang'onopang'ono lingaliro ili kenako n'kuwazolowera kusewera ndi zinthu m'maganizo mwawo, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awoawo.
Kodi 'Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)' iyi ndi chiyani?
Kujambula makanema ndi chida chimodzi chaching'ono pochiza matenda a autism. Zonsezi ndi za njira yayikulu yothandizira yotchedwa 'Applied Behavioral Analysis' . Mwachidule, timatcha izi kuti ABA . Ichi ndi chomwe chikuvomerezedwa pano ngati 'muyezo wagolide' pochiza matenda a autism padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwachidule, ABA ndi njira yophunzitsira ana zinthu zatsopano ndi khalidwe labwino popanda kuwalanga, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbikitsira nthawi zonse . Mwana akachita bwino, amapatsidwa mphotho, kuyamikiridwa, ndi kusonyezedwa chikondi. Izi zimathandiza kusintha makhalidwe awo osayenera (monga kufuula, kudzivulaza) komanso kumanga luso labwino locheza ndi anthu komanso luso lolankhula.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi yochiritsira , mwanayo amaphunzitsidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira luso loyambira la chilankhulo mpaka maphunziro aukadaulo. Maphunzirowa amapangidwa molingana ndi msinkhu wa mwanayo komanso luso lake.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri lotchedwa 'Joint Attention'
Chinthu china chatsopano ndi chitukuko cha lingaliro la 'Joint Attention'. Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba yofunika kwambiri pakumanga ubale ndi ena. Tangoganizirani, ngati mwadzidzidzi muyang'ana pawindo ndikunena kuti, "O... yang'anani mbalame yokongola ija," mwana wabwinobwino amangoyang'ana kumene mukuyang'ana. Koma mwana wokhala ndi autism nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza zimenezo. Samvetsera zomwe mukuyang'ana kapena zomwe mukuganiza.
Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa autism. Choncho kuti akulitse luso la 'Joint Attention', akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri akayang'ana chidole, amayatsa chidolecho ndi remote control pokhapokha ngati mwanayo akuyang'ana. Kenako mwanayo amaphunzira kuti munthu wina akayang'ana, chinachake chabwino, chinachake chosangalatsa chimachitika.
Ngakhale izi zingawoneke ngati zazing'ono, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa luso la mwana locheza ndi anthu .
N’chifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira kupeza matenda msanga?
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mankhwala otere akayamba msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri . Matenda a Autism nthawi zambiri amatha kupezeka akafika miyezi 18.
Asayansi tsopano akuyesera kuona ngati mayeso a magazi pobadwa angathe kuzindikira vutoli mtsogolo. Kafukufuku wina wapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapuloteni ena ndi maselo oteteza thupi m'magazi a ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi omwe alibe.
Lingaliro limodzi ndilakuti sikuti chithandizo choyambilira chimayamba kokha, komanso mwina ngati pali chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa autism, chingatetezenso mwana. Koma izi zikadali mu gawo lofufuza .
Chofunika ndichakuti autism si matenda amodzi. Ndi matenda omwe amabwera m'magawo osiyanasiyana, okhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti 'Autism' m'malo mwa 'Autism'. Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana.
Mankhwala ena ndi ziyembekezo zamtsogolo
Chizindikiro chimodzi chodziwika bwino chomwe chimapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza. Mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa zizindikirozi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kochepa kwa ma Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) monga Prozac kwawonetsedwa kuti kumathandizira machitidwewa.
Koma izi ndizofunikira kwambiri: mankhwala si mankhwala okhawo a autism.Amaperekedwa kokha kuti athetse zizindikiro zinazake za mwana (monga kusakhazikika kwambiri, machitidwe obwerezabwereza). Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena, monga chithandizo cha khalidwe , ngati gawo la njira yophatikizana, komanso moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito.
Pezani lingaliro losavuta la njira zochiritsira izi kuchokera patebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Njira Yothandizira | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kusanthula Khalidwe Logwiritsidwa Ntchito (ABA) | Kuphunzitsa chilankhulo, luso locheza ndi anthu, ndi khalidwe labwino kudzera mu kulimbikitsana kwabwino ndiye njira yaikulu yothandizira. |
| Kupanga Makanema | Kuphunzitsa momwe angasewere, momwe angalankhulire, ndi zina zotero powonetsa makanema. |
| Maphunziro a 'Kusamalana Mogwirizana' | Kuphunzitsa mwana kulabadira zomwe ena akulabadira. |
| Mankhwala | Kungotsatira malangizo a dokotala kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zinazake monga kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. |
| Kuphunzitsanso Mitsempha | Akuyesera kupititsa patsogolo luso la ubongo lolankhula kudzera m'mapulogalamu apakompyuta. (Akadali mu gawo lofufuza) |
Kuphunzitsanso ubongo?
Tsogolo lina lodalirika ndi lingaliro la 'Kuphunzitsanso Mitsempha'. Asayansi tsopano akudziwa kuti ubongo wathu suli wokhazikika, koma ndi wosinthasintha kwambiri (pulasitiki). Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apakompyuta, ubongo wa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la chilankhulo ukhoza kuphunzitsidwa kuzindikira bwino kulankhula. Komabe, mapulogalamu omwe alipo pano ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ana omwe ali ndi autism. Chifukwa chake, asayansi akuyesera kupanga mapulogalamu osavuta omwe ali oyenera ana awa. Awa akadali mu gawo lofufuza ndipo adzabwera mtsogolo.
Samalani ndi mankhwala omwe alibe maziko asayansi!
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism, mumayesedwa kuchita chilichonse. Anthu ena, pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi uwu, angakuuzeni za mankhwala "ozizwitsa" omwe alibe maziko asayansi ndipo alibe umboni .
Mwachitsanzo:
- Zakudya zapadera
- Kupereka hormone ya Secretin
- Zinthu monga kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi (mercury detoxification).
Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti ndi mankhwala othandiza a autism. Choncho, musayese zinthu izi chifukwa choti mwaziona pa intaneti kapena wina wakuuzani kuti muchite. Zingawononge mwana wanu kuposa kumuthandiza.
Nthawi zonse khulupirirani njira zochiritsira zotsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi zokha, zothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo ndipo tsatirani njira yochiritsira yomwe akulangizani.
Njira monga ABA sizingayembekezeredwe kupereka mpumulo "wamatsenga" usiku wonse. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimafuna ntchito yodzipereka komanso yanthawi yayitali. Komabe, ndizotsimikizika kuti zitha kusintha kwambiri miyoyo ya ana awa ndikuwapatsa maluso omwe amafunikira kuti azigwira ntchito bwino m'gulu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Autism si matenda, ndi vuto la matenda a ubongo. Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana.
- Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse mwa mwana wanu, pitani naye kwa katswiri (monga dokotala wa ana, dokotala wa matenda amisala) mwamsanga momwe mungathere. Chithandizo chikayamba msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.
- Kusanthula Khalidwe Logwiritsidwa Ntchito (ABA) ndi njira yochiritsira yodziwika bwino kwambiri, yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
- Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zizindikiro zinazake zokha. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira upangiri wa dokotala komanso mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena.
- Musatsatire njira zochiritsira "zamatsenga" zosakhudzana ndi sayansi zomwe mumapeza pa intaneti kapena m'mawu a anthu. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu.
- Simuyenera kuyenda ulendowu nokha. Pali madokotala, akatswiri azachipatala, ndi magulu a makolo omwe angakuthandizeni. Musaope kuwafikira kuti akuthandizeni.
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