Kodi munayamba mwaonapo mwana amene ali ndi luso kwambiri pophunzira ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito payekha, koma akukayikira pang'ono kulowa nawo anzake ndikulankhula? Makolo ena amaganiza kuti izi ndi manyazi, koma nthawi zina pangakhale chifukwa chachipatala cha izi. Lero tikambirana za vutoli, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa "High-Functioning Autism", koma kwenikweni lili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu.
Kodi kwenikweni "High-Functional Autism" ndi chiyani?
Choyamba kunena ndi chakuti 'High-Functioning Autism' si matenda ovomerezeka a zachipatala. Ndi mawu osavomerezeka omwe timagwiritsa ntchito pokambirana tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza anthu omwe amatha kuchita zinthu zofunika pamoyo monga kulankhula, kulemba, kuwerenga, kudya, kuvala okha, komanso kukhala paokha.
Malinga ndi zamankhwala, vutoli limatchedwa Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Mwachidule, autism ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kukula kwa ubongo. Mawu oti 'spectrum' ndi ofunikira kwambiri pano. Taganizirani ngati utawaleza. Monga utawaleza wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ASD kumasiyana kwambiri. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri. Miyezo ya intelligence quotient (IQ) imathanso kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu.
Kale, isanafike zaka za m'ma 1990, autism inkapezeka mwa anthu omwe anali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri. Koma pambuyo pake, mitundu yofatsa ya matendawa inadziwikanso. Mwina munamvapo za Asperger 's Syndrome . Ndi matenda ofatsanso.
Koma mu 2013, bungwe la American Psychiatric Association linaika matenda onsewa okhudzana ndi autism pansi pa ambulera imodzi. Ndicho chimene tikukamba lero, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Kotero tsopano mukudziwa, ngakhale timati "High-Functioning Autism" ndi "Asperger's," onse ali m'gulu lalikulu la ASD .
Kodi makhalidwe a munthu amene ali ndi ASD (High-Functioning Autism) ndi otani?
Monga aliyense amene ali ndi vuto la ASD, vuto lalikulu kwa omwe timawatcha kuti 'High-Functioning' ndi maubwenzi ndi kulankhulana.
- Zofooka pa luso locheza ndi anthu: Amavutika kumvetsetsa momwe anthu ena akumvera, momwe nkhope zawo zimaonekera,, N'zovuta kumvetsa matanthauzo omwe ali m'mawu (zizindikiro za anthu). Chifukwa chake, kupeza mabwenzi kungakhale kovuta. Tangoganizani kupita ku phwando la kubadwa, pamene ana ena akusewera limodzi, mwana yemwe ali ndi ASD akhoza kuyima yekha pambali. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti sakukonda, koma chifukwa chakuti sangathe kudziwa momwe angathanirane ndi vutoli. Amayang'ananso maso pang'ono ndipo amachita zinthu zazing'ono zosafunikira.
- Zizolowezi Zobwerezabwereza ndi Zoletsa: Amakonda kwambiri kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo komanso mwadongosolo. Sakonda kusintha ngakhale pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ayenera kutsatira njira yomweyo popita kusukulu tsiku lililonse, ayenera kuyika zoseweretsa zawo motsatira dongosolo lomwelo. Angakhale ndi zizolowezi zobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, amawomba m'manja, amagwedeza mozungulira.
- Chidwi Chapadera: Angakhale ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani inayake, monga ma dinosaur, sitima, kapena masewera apakanema, ndipo angayesedwe kungolankhula za izo zokha.
Chofunika ndichakuti ngakhale munthu ali ndi luso la ASD pa maphunziro ake, vuto lomwe onse ali nalo ndi luso losakwanira locheza ndi anthu.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli?
Palibe mayeso enieni azachipatala, monga mayeso a magazi, kuti adziwe matenda a ASD. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapanga matenda ovomerezeka mwa kuyang'ana khalidwe la mwana ndi kukula kwake pakapita nthawi. Mwana nthawi zambiri amatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za ASD ali ndi miyezi 18. Pofika zaka ziwiri, katswiri nthawi zambiri amatha kupeza matenda enieni. Komabe, nthawi zina, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa, matendawa amatha kudziwika pambuyo pake, mwina ali achinyamata kapena akuluakulu.
Njira yodziwira mwana yemwe ali ndi ASD ili ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu.
| Njira zodziwira matenda | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| 1. Kuwunika Chitukuko | Makolo ndi dokotala apitiliza kuyang'anira kukula kwa mwana pamodzi. Adzayang'ana ngati mwanayo akufika pamlingo woyenera kukula kwake. Dokotala wanu adzawunika izi polankhula ndi kusewera ndi mwana wanu. |
| 2. Kuwunika Kukula kwa Chitukuko | Izi ndi zakuya pang'ono. Zimakhudza kwambiri kayendedwe ka mwana, kuganiza, khalidwe lake, momwe akumvera, komanso luso lake lolankhula. Mayeso amenewa nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ali ndi miyezi 9, 18, ndi 30. |
| 3. Kuzindikira Kukula kwa Matenda | Ngati mayesowo avumbulutsa mavuto aliwonse, dokotalayo adzatumiza mwanayo kwa katswiri. Ameneyu akhoza kukhala katswiri wa zamaganizo a ana, katswiri wa matenda a chilankhulo, kapena dokotala wa ana wodziwa bwino za chitukuko. Adzachita mayeso ovomerezeka ndikuwona ngati mwanayo ali ndi ASD. |
Momwe mungadziwire matenda mwa akuluakulu
Kuzindikira matenda a ASD mwa akuluakulu n'kosiyana pang'ono. Dokotala adzalankhula za moyo wanu wamakono, maubwenzi anu , machitidwe obwerezabwereza, zomwe mumakonda, ndi mavuto omwe mumakumana nawo. Angafunsenso za ubwana wanu. Mungafunenso kufunsa kholo kapena m'bale wanu za izi.
ASD ndi moyo wa kusukulu/ntchito
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti achinyamata omwe ali ndi ASD amatha kusankha maphunziro a STEM (Sayansi, Ukadaulo, Uinjiniya, ndi Masamu) ku koleji. Ana omwe ali ndi ASD omwe ali ndi nzeru wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino pa masamu kuposa ana ena omwe ali ndi nzeru zomwezo. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha luso lapadera lokonza zinthu komanso luso lozindikira machitidwe omwe anthu omwe ali ndi ASD ali nawo.
Koma ngakhale kuti ali ndi luso limeneli, kusowa ntchito pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi ASD kuli kwakukulu kwambiri. Mu 2021, 85% ya akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ASD anali opanda ntchito.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo panthawi yoyankhulana ntchito. Popeza ASD imakhudza luso locheza ndi anthu , akhoza kusowa luso lolankhulana lomwe limafunika panthawi yoyankhulana. Ngakhale atakhala ndi luso lonse lofunikira pantchitoyo, wofunsayo akhoza kukhala ndi tsankho kwa iwo.
Koma ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ASD amapitilizabe kuchita bwino kwambiri pantchito zawo. Temple Grandin ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha izi. Ali ndi ntchito yapadera yopanga njira zowongolera nyama.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, akapatsidwa chithandizo choyenera ndi mwayi, anthu omwe ali ndi ASD akhoza kupereka chithandizo chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi maluso awo apadera.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- "High-functioning Autism" si mawu ovomerezeka azachipatala. Mawu olondola ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) .
- Izi ndi zosiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro ndi kuopsa kwake zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu.
- Vuto lalikulu ndi luso locheza ndi anthu komanso kulankhulana. Vutoli likhoza kukhalapo ngakhale mutakhala ndi luso lanzeru bwanji.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza mwana wanu kapena inuyo, musagwiritse ntchito mayeso a pa intaneti kapena zomwe ena akunena. Nthawi zonse funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito.
- Ngati munthu aliyense amene ali ndi ASD adziwa bwino, akuthandizidwa, komanso akumvetsa bwino, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wopambana komanso wokhutiritsa.
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