Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda anu? (Differential Diagnosis)

Tangoganizani kuti mwakhala mukudwala m'mimba kwa masiku angapo. Ndiye mukupita kwa dokotala. Dokotalayo akukufunsani mafunso, akukuyesani, nati, "Hmm... kungakhale gastritis, kungakhale appendicitis. Tiyeni tichite mayeso ena." Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake madokotala samangonena vuto, amangonena zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhale zolakwika? Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti differential diagnosis mu mankhwala. Musadandaule, ndi mawu akuluakulu, koma ndi osavuta. Tiyeni tikambirane lero.

Mwachidule, kodi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi chiyani?

Uku sikupeza matenda komaliza. Ganizirani za wofufuza milandu wabwino. Akapita kumalo ochitira upandu, sanena nthawi yomweyo kuti, "Uyu ndiye wolakwa," sichoncho? Chinthu choyamba chimene amachita ndi kulemba mndandanda wa anthu omwe akukayikira kuti ndi omwe adachita upanduwo. Kenako amasonkhanitsa umboni, amafufuzana, amachotsa anthu osafunikira pamndandandawo, ndipo pamapeto pake amapeza wolakwayo weniweni.

Dokotala amachita zofanana ndi zimenezi. Mukabwera ndi zizindikiro zina, dokotalayo amabwera ndi mndandanda wa matenda omwe akugwirizana ndi zizindikirozo. "Mndandanda wa matenda omwe angapezeke" umenewo ndi umene timautcha (Differential Diagnosis). Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba yofunika kwambiri pakuwunika matenda.

Kodi dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziti kuti adziwe matenda molondola?

Pali ulendo wokonzedwa bwino womwe dokotala amatenga kuti adziwe bwino matendawo. Zili ngati kukwera masitepe. Simungadumphe sitepe imodzi.

1. Amakufunsani zambiri za zizindikiro zanu: "Mukumva bwanji?", "Mwakhala ndi vutoli kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?", "Kodi ululuwo ukumva bwanji? Kodi ukubaya? Kapena ngati chinachake chikukukakamizani?", "Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe muli nawo?" Amayesa kupeza chithunzi chonse cha vuto lanu mwa kufunsa mafunso monga: "Mukumva bwanji?", "Mwakhala mukuvutika ndi vutoli kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

2. Funsani za mbiri yanu yachipatala: "Kodi izi zidakuchitikiranipo kale?", "Kodi muli ndi matenda ena monga matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi?", "Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matendawa?", "Kodi mukumwa mankhwala kapena mavitamini?" Zonsezi ndizofunikira.

3. Kuyezetsa Thupi: Pa izi, adzakhudza thupi lanu, adzakhudza mimba yanu, adzamvetsera chifuwa chanu ndi mapapo anu ndi stethoscope, adzayesa kuthamanga kwa magazi anu, ndikuyang'ana kutentha kwa thupi lanu. Izi zidzapatsa dokotala zizindikiro zambiri.

4. Mndandanda wa matenda omwe angakhalepo (Differential Diagnosis) wapangidwa m'maganizo: Tsopano, atatha kusonkhanitsa zonse zomwe mwatiuza ndi zinthu zomwe zinamveka panthawi yoyezetsa, dokotalayo akuganiza kuti, "Chabwino, kutengera zizindikiro izi, uwu ukhoza kukhala matenda awa."

5. Ngati kuli kofunikira, mayeso ena adzalembedwa:Umboni wowonjezereka ukufunika kuti tipeze wolakwa weniweni kuchokera pamndandanda wa anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi omwe ali ndi vutoli. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zinthu monga kuyezetsa magazi, kuyezetsa mkodzo, kusanthula, ndi X-ray zimachitika.

6. Kuwunikanso Zotsatira za Mayeso ndi Zizindikiro: Akangofika, dokotala adzaziyerekeza ndi zizindikiro zanu. Kenako, akhoza kuthetsa matenda ena omwe ali pamndandandawo ponena kuti, "Ayi, sizingatheke."

7. Kupeza Matenda Omaliza: Pambuyo poti zonsezi zachitika, dokotalayo amatha kunena motsimikiza kuti, "Inde, muli ndi matendawa." Pamenepo chithandizo choyenera chimayamba.

N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kulemba mndandanda woterewu? Kodi ndi chifukwa chakuti ukhoza kukhala wolakwika?

Kunena zoona, njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa zolakwika . Tangoganizirani, ngati wina abwera ndi ululu pachifuwa, dokotalayo akuganiza kuti, "O, ichi ndi gastritis" ndikumupatsa mankhwala, koma bwanji ngati ndi chiyambi cha matenda a mtima? Imeneyo ikhoza kukhala ngozi yaikulu, eti?

Koma dokotala akamagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Differential Diagnosis, amaganiza kuti, "Kupweteka pachifuwa kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha gastritis. Nthawi yomweyo, kungakhalenso chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa minofu. Koma chinthu choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti pali mwayi wochepa woti kungakhale kudwala kwa mtima." Kenako amachita mayeso ofunikira (monga ECG) kuti atsimikizire ngati chinthu choopsa kwambiri chingatheke kapena ayi. Akangotsimikizira kuti si kudwala kwa mtima, amatha kuyang'ana zifukwa zina. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti muli otetezeka.

Zitsanzo zina za matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana

Kuti timvetse kufunika kwa njirayi, tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino komanso matenda osiyanasiyana omwe angayambitse izi.

Tsopano mutha kuona zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingayambitse chizindikiro chomwecho, sichoncho? Kotero mutha kuona kufunika kwa chitetezo chanu kuti dokotala aganize motere.

Kodi n’chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitika kwa inu pankhaniyi?

Mu ulendo wofufuza milandu uwu, ndinu mboni yaikulu. Chifukwa chake, thandizo lanu ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa dokotala .

• Khalani oona mtima pa chilichonse: Musabise ngakhale zinthu zazing'ono zomwe mukumva. Nthawi zina, chinthu chomwe mukuganiza kuti "sichili chofunikira kwenikweni" chingakhale chitsimikizo chachikulu kwa dokotala kuti apeze vuto.
• Bweretsani mndandanda wa mankhwala anu: Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa (omwe ndi a matenda ena, mavitamini, ufa, ngakhale mankhwala a ku Sinhala). Nthawi zina, chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu chingakhale mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa.
• Musamaope kufunsa mafunso: "Dokotala, kodi iyi ingakhale matenda otani?", "Ndi mayeso otani omwe ndiyenera kuchita?", "Ndingayembekezere chiyani kuchokera ku mayeso awa?" Funsani. Mukadziwa zambiri, mantha anu sadzachepa.
• Khalani chete: Musachite mantha dokotala akakuuzani kuti, "Mwina ndi matenda awa, mwina ndi matenda aja." Kumbukirani, sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda onsewa. Zimangotanthauza kuti akuganizira zonse zomwe zingatheke asanadziwe matenda enieni.

Kodi mukufuna kukaonananso ndi dokotala liti?

Pa nthawi yodziwira matenda, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala wanu ngati pali kusintha kulikonse pa vuto lanu. Onetsetsani kuti mwayimbira foni kapena kukaonananso ndi dokotala wanu pazochitika zotsatirazi:

• Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi kapena kutha kwathunthu.
• Ngati muyamba zizindikiro zatsopano.
• Ngati muyenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala pazifukwa zina zilizonse.
• Ngati mukufuna kusintha mankhwala omwe mukumwa panopa (monga ngati dokotala wina wakupatsani mankhwala atsopano)

Chidziwitsochi chithandiza dokotala kuzindikira matenda anu.