Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti anthu ena ali ndi madontho ofiira, okwezeka pang'ono pankhope pawo, m'masaya, kapena m'mutu mwawo? Nthawi zina izi sizimayabwa kapena kupweteka. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaona kuti izi ndi vuto la khungu labwinobwino, ili likhoza kukhala vuto lomwe limafuna chisamaliro chowonjezereka. Lero tikulankhula za vuto lotchedwa 'Discoid Lupus' lomwe limayambitsa zizindikirozi. Ngakhale ili ndi dzina losadziwika bwino, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za ilo.
Mwachidule, kodi Discoid Lupus ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Discoid Lupus, omwe amadziwika bwino kuti `Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE),` ndi matenda omwe amakhudza khungu lathu mwachindunji. Ndi a gulu la `Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE)` la lupus. Mawu akuti `Cutaneous' amatanthauza 'zokhudzana ndi khungu.' Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu iyi ya lupus imakhudza kwambiri khungu lathu.
Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a discoid lupus amakhala ndi zilonda zozungulira, zofiira, zokwezeka pang'ono, komanso zokhuthala pakhungu, makamaka pankhope, masaya, mphuno, ndi khungu la mutu. Izi zimatha kukhala zotupa pakapita nthawi. Izi zimatchedwanso chronic cutaneous lupus. Chronic zikutanthauza kuti zimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Ndiye kodi 'Lupus' ndi chiyani?
Tikamalankhula za 'lupus', nthawi zambiri timatchula matenda otchedwa `Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).` Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa lupus. Pafupifupi odwala 70 mwa 100 omwe ali ndi lupus ali ndi vutoli.
Tsopano, onani, ngakhale kuti discoid lupus (DLE) imakhudza kwambiri khungu, mtundu wotchedwa SLE umakhudza thupi lonse. Ndicho chimene 'systemic' imatanthauza. Ndi matenda odziteteza okha . Mwachidule, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, chitetezo cha mthupi, chimatha ndipo chimayamba kuukira maselo ndi minofu yathu yathanzi. Izi zimayambitsa kutupa, kapena kutupa, m'thupi lonse.
Munthu amene ali ndi SLE nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro monga izi:
- Malungo omwe amabwera popanda chifukwa
- Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi kutupa
- Kutopa kosalekeza
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
- Kuwoneka kwa mawanga ndi zilema zosiyanasiyana pakhungu
- Kumva kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa (photosensitivity)
Chofunika ndichakuti si aliyense amene ali ndi discoid lupus amene adzadwala systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yomwe imakhudza thupi lonse. Tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolo.
Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya lupus (CLE) yomwe imakhudza khungu?
Monga tanenera kale, discoid lupus ndi mtundu wa lupus womwe umakhudza khungu. Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono a zilonda pakhungu.
| Mtundu wa lupus | Chikhalidwe cha mawanga a pakhungu |
|---|---|
| Discoid Lupus | Madontho ozungulira, okhuthala, ofiira, komanso okhala ndi mawanga, ngati ndalama. Nthawi zambiri amawonekera pankhope, makutu, ndi pakhungu. |
| Lupus ya Subacute Cutaneous | Mabala ooneka ngati mphete kapena ozungulira. Kawirikawiri amapezeka pachifuwa, kumbuyo, ndi pakhosi. |
| Lupus Yoopsa ya Cutaneous | Apa ndi pomwe "ziphuphu za gulugufe" zodziwika bwino zimachitika. Ziphuphu zofiira, zonga kutentha kwa dzuwa zimawonekera m'masaya ndi m'mphuno. |
Kodi munthu angadwale mitundu yoposa umodzi ya lupus?
Inde, zimatha kuchitika. Anthu ena ali ndi mtundu umodzi wa lupus. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ena ali ndi SLE yokha, ndipo ena ali ndi DLE yokha. Koma nthawi zina munthu amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yoposa umodzi ya lupus nthawi imodzi.
Koma kumbukirani izi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi discoid lupus (DLE) alibe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yomwe imakhudza thupi lonse. Pafupifupi 5% ya anthu omwe ali ndi DLE, kapena pafupifupi 5 mwa 100, pambuyo pake adzadwala SLE. Komanso, pafupifupi kotala (25%) ya anthu omwe ali ndi SLE adzadwala zilonda za pakhungu zofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka mu discoid lupus. Chifukwa chake pali mgwirizano pakati pa matenda awiriwa, koma si aliyense amene ali ndi chimodzi adzadwala china.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a discoid lupus? Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
Ndipotu, madokotala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa lupus, kuphatikizapo discoid lupus. Koma n'zoonekeratu kuti imayambitsidwa ndi vuto linalake m'thupi lathu. Komanso, matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mabanja . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda odziteteza okha monga lupus, inunso mungakhale pachiwopsezo.
Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a discoid lupus.
| Choopsa | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Jenda | Azimayi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa kuposa amuna. |
| Zaka | Kawirikawiri zimachitika kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 44. Zimapezeka kwambiri makamaka kwa akazi azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 40. |
| Mtundu wa khungu/mtundu | Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda (monga a ku Africa kapena Asia) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa kuposa omwe ali ndi khungu loyera . |
Kodi zizindikiro ndi mavuto a discoid lupus ndi ati?
Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi zilonda za discoid zomwe takambirana kale.
- Malo: Amapezeka kwambiri pamutu ndi pankhope, koma amathanso kupezeka m'zigawo zina za thupi, makamaka m'malo omwe dzuwa limawomba.
- Makhalidwe: Madontho awa nthawi zambiri samakhala opweteka, komanso sakuyabwa . Amafiira, amakwezeka pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina amawoneka ngati zipsera pamwamba.
- Matenda otsatira: Madonthowa akachira, amatha kukhala ndi zipsera ndi kusintha mtundu . Nthawi zina khungu limatha kukhala loyera kapena labulauni/lakuda.
Zovuta zomwe zingatheke
- Kutaya tsitsi: Ngati madontho awa aonekera pakhungu la mutu, tsitsi m'dera limenelo likhoza kutuluka. Choyipa kwambiri n'chakuti ngati chilonda chikapezeka m'dera limenelo, kukula kwa tsitsi kungasiye kwamuyaya .
- Kuopsa kwa khansa ya pakhungu:Ngati muli ndi mawanga a discoid lupus kwa nthawi yayitali, pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotenga khansa ya pakhungu m'malo amenewo. Makamaka ngati mawanga awa atuluka mkamwa, pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga khansa ya pakhungu yotchedwa squamous cell carcinoma.
- Chilblain Lupus: Imeneyi ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Pa vutoli, madontho kapena mabala ofiirira amaonekera pakhungu akamazizira. Izi zimatha kupweteka kwambiri.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikupita kwa dokotala wa khungu . Iye adzakuyang'anirani ndikukuyesani kuti mutsimikizire kuti mwapezeka ndi matendawa.
Izi zimatchedwa biopsy ya khungu . Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha khungu kuchokera pamalo pomwe pali mankhwala oletsa ululu. Kenako chimatumizidwa ku labu ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Poyang'ana kusintha kwa maselo amenewo, titha kudziwa motsimikiza ngati ndi discoid lupus kapena matenda ena akhungu.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?
Matenda a Discoid lupus sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu. Komabe, chithandizo chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kupewa kuphulika kwatsopano, komanso kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani chithandizo choyenera kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu.
Zina mwa njira zazikulu zochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zalembedwa pansipa.
| Mtundu wa chithandizo | Magwiridwe antchito ndi zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Mafuta Odzola a Steroid | Izi ndi mafuta odzola omwe amapakidwa mwachindunji pakhungu. Amachepetsa kutupa ndi kutupa pakhungu. Mwachitsanzo: `fluocinolone acetonide`, `hydrocortisone butyrate`. |
| Mankhwala Oletsa Malungo | Awa ndi mapiritsi omwe mumamwa. Musadabwe, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malungo ndi othandiza kwambiri pa lupus. Amathandiza kuchepetsa mawanga pakhungu ndikuchepetsa kutopa. Mwachitsanzo: `hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®)`. |
| Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi (Calcineurin Inhibitors) | Izi ndi mitundu ya mafuta odzola. Amalamulira ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi pamlingo winawake ndikuchepetsa kutupa. Mwachitsanzo: `tacrolimus`, `pimecrolimus`. |
| Mankhwala ena oletsa kutupa | Ngati matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri, madokotala angaperekenso mankhwala omwa monga dapsone ndi methotrexate. |
Chofunika: Chithandizo chilichonse mwa izi chiyenera kuyambika pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani upangiri . Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala nokha.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuphulika kwa mphuno?
Izi ndi zomwe aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a discoid lupus ayenera kudziwa. Kwa odwala pafupifupi 70% a lupus, zizindikiro zimawonjezeka kwambiri akakumana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kuchokera ku dzuwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawanga atsopano angawonekere, mawanga omwe alipo akhoza kukhala ofiira, kapena kukula. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu wokhala m'dziko ngati lathu lomwe lili ndi dzuwa lamphamvu chaka chonse.
Kuti mudziteteze ku dzuwa ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asakule kwambiri, chitani izi:
- Pakani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa tsiku lililonse musanapite padzuwa. Sankhani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri (oteteza ku UVA ndi UVB) okhala ndi SPF 30 osachepera.
- Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa osati potuluka panja kokha, komanso mukakhala m'nyumba, makamaka ngati muli pafupi ndi zenera.
- Pakaninso mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa maola 4 aliwonse. Pakaninso musanatuluke thukuta kapena kulowa m'madzi.
- Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa koopsa kwambiri pakati pa 10 koloko m'mawa ndi 4 koloko madzulo momwe mungathere.
- Mukatuluka panja, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu monga zovala za manja aatali, zipewa zazikulu, ndi maambulera .
- Ngakhale magetsi owala mkati mwa nyumba amatha kutulutsa kuwala kwa UV, choncho pewani kukhala pansi pa magetsi otere kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Musagwiritse ntchito mipanda yopaka utoto .
Ngati mutsatira bwino zinthu izi, mudzatha kuwongolera zizindikirozo kwambiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Discoid lupus ndi mtundu wa lupus womwe umakhudza kwambiri khungu kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Izi zimapangitsa kuti pankhope ndi pamutu pakhale madontho ozungulira, ofiira, okhala ngati ndalama. Nthawi zambiri awa sapweteka kapena kuyabwa.
- Ngakhale kuti sizingachiritsidwe kwathunthu, zizindikiro zake zimatha kuchepetsedwa bwino ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.
- Kuteteza ku dzuwa n'kofunika kwambiri! Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa tsiku lililonse komanso kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri n'kofunika kwambiri kuti matendawa asakule kwambiri.
- Ngati muli ndi mawanga ngati awa pakhungu lanu, pitani kwa dokotala wa khungu kuti akupatseni upangiri.
- Musakanda kapena kukanda zipsera pakhungu. Izi zingayambitse zipsera ndi matenda.
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