Tangoganizani kuti mwabwera kunyumba kuchokera kuthamanga kwambiri ndikusewera. Thupi lanu latopa kwambiri, mumatulutsa thukuta kwambiri, ndipo mumapuma movutikira. Koma pakapita kanthawi, zonsezi zimabwerera mwakale, sichoncho? Kapena, patsiku lozizira kwambiri, thupi lanu limanjenjemera. Nchifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kumbuyo kwa zonsezi kuli 'dongosolo lodziyimira lokha' lodabwitsa m'thupi lathu. Popanda ife kuzindikira, dongosololi limagwira ntchito kuti chilichonse mkati mwa thupi lathu chikhale pamlingo woyenera. Lero tikulankhula za njira yodabwitsa iyi, yomwe ndi homeostasis.
Mwachidule, kodi homeostasis ndi chiyani?
Homeostasis ndi chinthu chosavuta kwambiri. Ndi njira yomwe thupi limasungira chilengedwe chamkati (kutentha, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndi zina zotero) kukhala chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika nthawi zonse. Monga momwe radiator ya injini ya galimoto imagwirira ntchito kuti kutentha kwa injini kukhale kofanana.
Mawu awa amapangidwa ndi mawu awiri achigiriki. Amatanthauza "ofanana" ndi "kukhala chete." Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kusunga chilichonse bwino, mpaka pamlingo woyenera. Kulinganiza kumeneku sikutanthauza kusagwa pamene tikuyenda, koma kusunga chilichonse mkati mwa thupi "bwino."
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga 'sitolo' iyi. Chifukwa, ngakhale zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa ife, ngati zitakhala zambiri, zitha kukhala zoopsa. Taganizirani za madzi. Sitingathe kukhala opanda madzi. Koma ngati mumwa madzi ambiri nthawi imodzi, zingayambitse vuto loopsa lotchedwa hyponatremia (kuchepa kwa sodium m'magazi) . N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mpweya. Sitingathe kukhala popanda mpweya. Komabe, ngati mupuma mpweya wokha kwa nthawi yayitali, mutha kupeza poizoni wa mpweya . Zonsezi zitha kupha. Tsopano mukumvetsa kufunika kosunga chilichonse bwino, eti?
Kotero, kodi njirayi imachitika bwanji mkati mwa thupi?
Njira imeneyi ya homeostasis imachitika yokha, kutanthauza kuti, yokha. Sitiyenera kuganiziranso za izi. Gawo laling'ono la ubongo wathu lotchedwa hypothalamus ndiye likulu lomwe limayang'anira zonsezi. Monga CEO wa kampani yayikulu.
Pali njira ziwiri zomwe izi zimachitikira.
1. Ndemanga Zoyipa
2. Ndemanga Zabwino
Tiyeni tikambirane za awiriwa momveka bwino tsopano. Kuti mumvetse bwino kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa, onani tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Njira | Momwe zimachitikira | Zitsanzo zosavuta |
|---|---|---|
| Ndemanga Zoyipa | Pamene chinachake m'thupi (monga kutentha) chikusintha kuchoka pa msinkhu wabwinobwino, chimagwira ntchito mosiyana kuti chibwererenso pa msinkhu wabwinobwino. | Kuziziritsa thupi potuluka thukuta thupi likatentha, kutentha ponjenjemera likazizira. |
| Ndemanga Zabwino | Njira ikayamba, imapitirira kukula ndi kukula , koma imasiya kokha pamene chifukwa choyamba chachotsedwa. | Kuchepa kwa chiberekero panthawi yobereka, magazi kuundana pakavulala. |
1. Njira Yoyankhira Zoyipa
"Zoyipa" pano sizikutanthauza "zoipa." Zimatanthauza kuti thupi likazindikira kusintha, limayesetsa kusintha kapena kuthana ndi kusintha kosafunikirako. Umu ndi momwe njira zambiri za homeostasis m'matupi athu zimagwirira ntchito.
- Kutentha kwa thupi: Tangoganizirani kuti mwatentha kwambiri. Ubongo wanu ukazindikira izi, umakuwonetsani kuti mutuluke thukuta. Thukuta likamatuluka, thupi lanu limazizira. Komanso, ngati mukuzizira, minofu yanu imayamba kunjenjemera. Kunjenjemera kumeneku kumabweretsa kutentha ndikutentha thupi lanu. Ichi ndi 'chotenthetsera' chachilengedwe cha thupi lathu ndi 'AC'.
- Kuthamanga kwa Magazi: Mukangoyimirira mwadzidzidzi pampando, magazi ena omwe amapita kumutu wanu amakokedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Nthawi yomweyo, dongosolo lathu limalowa, kutseka mitsempha yamagazi, kufulumizitsa kugunda kwa mtima pang'ono, ndikusunga magazi oyenda bwino kupita ku ubongo. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zonse sitimamva chizungulire.
- Kulinganiza bwino madzi m'thupi: Ngati mumwa madzi ambiri, muyenera kukodza pakapita nthawi. Izi zikutanthauza kuchotsa madzi owonjezera m'thupi ndikusunga chilichonse 'choyera'.
- Mpweya wochuluka: Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, minofu yanu imafunikira mpweya wochuluka. Panthawiyo, mpweya wanu umathamanga kwambiri komanso mtima wanu umathamanga kwambiri. Mpweya wowonjezerawu umatumizidwa m'thupi lanu lonse mofulumira kwambiri. Mukamaliza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zonsezi zimabwerera mwakale.
2. Njira Yabwino Yoyankhira Mafunso
Kuyankha bwino ndi njira yolimbikitsira ndi kufulumizitsa njira yomwe yayamba kale. Izi zimapitirira mpaka chomwe chinayambitsa ndondomekoyi chitachotsedwa.
- Kubereka ndi Kubereka: Pamene kubereka kumayamba, chiberekero chimayamba kukula. Kukula kumeneku kumatumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo. Poyankha, ubongo umatulutsa mahomoni otchedwa oxytocin . Homoni iyi imapangitsa kuti chiberekero chizigwira mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pamene chiberekero chikugwira mwamphamvu kwambiri, chiberekero chimakula kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oxytocin yambiri ipangidwe. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumapitirira mpaka mwana atabadwa ndipo chiberekero chibwerere pamalo ake abwinobwino.
- Kutaya magazi m'thupi: Mukavulala pa mkono kapena mwendo ndipo mukutuluka magazi, zinthu zolimbitsa magazi m'magazi anu zimasonkhana pamodzi kuti zithandize kutseka bala. Sikuti zokhazo, komanso zimabweretsa zinthu zambiri zolimbitsa magazi pamalopo, ngati kuti zikupempha thandizo lina. "Kuitana thandizo" kumeneku kumapitirira mpaka magazi atasiya kutuluka kwathunthu.
- Chitetezo chamthupi chimayankha ndi kutupa: Thupi lathu likakumana ndi matenda kapena kuvulala, chitetezo chamthupi chimayambitsa kutupa. Kutupa kumeneku kuli ngati kuunikira malo ovulalawo. Kumauza maselo a chitetezo chamthupi komwe angapite. Maselo amapitiriza kutupa mpaka atafuna thandizo lochulukirapo.
N’chifukwa chiyani kulinganiza kumeneku n’kofunika kwambiri kwa ife?
Mwachidule, sitingakhale popanda homeostasis. Matenda aliwonse, matenda aliwonse omwe timawadziwa, ndi kusokoneza njira iyi ya homeostasis kwinakwake.
Mukadwala kapena kuvulala, thupi lanu limasintha njira izi kuti likuthandizeni kuchira. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha thupi kumachitika mukakhala ndi matenda, magazi amaundana mukakhala ndi kuvulala, ndipo thupi limayesetsa kubwezeretsa bwino izi.
Komabe, nthawi zina njira imeneyi singathe kuthetsa vutoli. Pamenepo ndi pamene matenda aakulu amayamba.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi (Kuthamanga kwa magazi): Matendawa amapezeka pamene thupi silingathe kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi pamlingo wabwino.
- Matenda a Osteoporosis: Matendawa amapezeka pamene thupi silingathe kupanga minofu yatsopano ya mafupa pamlingo womwewo pamene calcium imachotsedwa m'thupi.
Matenda ena amayamba chifukwa chakuti njira imeneyi ya homeostasis imalephera kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire.
Matenda a ziwengo: Matenda a ziwengo ndi momwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimayankhira zinthu zomwe sizili zoopsa kwenikweni (monga mungu, fumbi, chakudya china). Kuluma kwa mavu kungapangitse munthu kumva kupweteka pang'ono ndi kutupa. Komabe, kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la poizoni wa mavu, chitetezo cha mthupi chomwechi chimatchedwa anaphylaxis.Zingayambitse matenda oopsa.
Matenda a Autoimmune: Apa ndi pamene chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimaukira minofu yathanzi ya thupi lathu molakwika.
Sepsis: Pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chikayamba kuyankha matenda mwamphamvu kwambiri moti sichingathe kulamulira, chimayamba kuwononga thupi lokha. Imeneyi ikhoza kukhala vuto loopsa kwambiri lomwe lingathe kupha mwamsanga.
Kodi machitidwe osiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu amathandizira bwanji pa izi?
Homeostasis siili ndi dongosolo limodzi lokha. Ndi ntchito ya gulu la thupi lonse.
Dongosolo la Mitsempha
Thupi lathu la mitsempha lili ngati chotenthetsera ndi mabuleki a galimoto. Magulu awiriwa amagwira ntchito mosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilichonse chikhale bwino.
- Dongosolo la mitsempha lachifundo: Ichi ndi 'chothandizira' chathu. Mu nthawi zoopsa, dongosololi limayambitsa yankho la "nkhondo-kapena-kuthawa".
- Dongosolo la mitsempha la parasympathetic: Uku ndiye 'kupuma' kwathu. Dongosololi limapumula ndikukhazikitsa bata thupi lathu tikakhala otetezeka komanso omasuka.
Dongosolo la Chigoba
Mafupa athu akusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Minofu yakale ya mafupa imasweka ndipo yatsopano imapangidwa. Calcium ndi vitamini D ndizofunikira kuti izi zichitike bwino. Izi zimachepa pamene tikukalamba. Ngati fupa latsopano silipangidwa mofanana ndi momwe fupa limasweka, matenda monga osteopenia kapena osteoporosis angachitike.
Dongosolo Lopumira
Kupuma kwathu kumalamuliranso njira zingapo za homeostasis.
- Kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi: Tikamathamanga, timapuma molimbika kuti thupi likhale ndi mpweya wochuluka.
- pH ya magazi: Njira yopumira imagwiritsa ntchito carbon dioxide kuti ilamulire bwino acid-base balance ya magazi athu. Ngati bwinoli litasokonekera, matenda monga respiratory acidosis kapena respiratory alkalosis angachitike.
Dongosolo la Endocrine
Dongosolo ili ndi komwe thupi lathu limapanga mahomoni. Mahomoni ali ngati amithenga a mankhwala. Mahomoni awa amathandiza kulamulira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kugaya chakudya, kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo loberekera.
Monga momwe zilili m'nkhaniyi, matupi athu amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati chilichonse "chiri bwino." Pomvetsetsa momwe njira iyi ya homeostasis imagwirira ntchito, tingathandize matupi athu kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino. Mwina ndi kumwa madzi ambiri, kapena kupita kokayenda, kapena kumwa mankhwala oyenera a vuto linalake. Kusunga thanzi labwino kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu pa moyo wathu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Homeostasis ndi njira yokhayo yomwe imasunga chilichonse chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika mkati mwa thupi lathu.
- Njira imeneyi imayendetsedwa ndi ubongo, popanda ife kudziwa.
- Zinthu monga thukuta, kunjenjemera mukakhala ozizira, komanso kupuma movutikira panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi zitsanzo za nthawi yomwe dongosolo lodabwitsali limayamba kugwira ntchito.
- Matenda ambiri, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi ziwengo, zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mgwirizanowu.
- Moyo wathanzi (kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa madzi okwanira) kungathandize thupi lanu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.
- Ngati chinachake m'thupi mwanu chikupitirira kuoneka 'chosalondola', ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za icho.
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