Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mayankho a mafunso anu onse!

Kodi mwamva kangati mawu oti "antibiotic"? Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, mukagula mankhwala ku pharmacy, kapena ngakhale mukalankhula ndi mnzanu, mumamva mawu awa, sichoncho? Kodi maantibayotiki amenewa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi ndi abwino kapena oipa m'thupi lathu? Kodi tiyenera kuganizira chiyani makamaka tikamawagwiritsa ntchito? Ndabwera ndi kufotokozera uku lero kuti ndiyankhe mafunso ambiri ngati awa m'maganizo mwanu m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amaperekedwa kuti athetse matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa mabakiteriya. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati asilikali ophunzitsidwa bwino omwe amangoukira adani pankhondo. Amapita mwachindunji ku mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matendawa ndikuwawononga, kapena amaletsa mabakiteriya kukula kotero kuti sangathenso kufalikira m'thupi.

Koma chofunika kwambiri apa ndichakuti maantibayotiki amagwira ntchito pa matenda a bakiteriya okha. Kumbukirani kuti maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito pa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi, mwachitsanzo, chimfine, malungo, chifuwa (chopanda phlegm), dengue, nkhuku, ndi zina zotero. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ndi magulu awiri osiyana kwambiri a zamoyo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ndi kotani?

Mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Ndiye kuti zonsezi ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono, sichoncho? N’chifukwa chiyani mankhwala operekedwa kwa chimodzi sagwira ntchito kwa china?" Chabwino, ndifotokoza zimenezo mosavuta.

• Mabakiteriya ndi gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapangidwa ndi maselo amodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri timakhala tokha, kugawikana, ndikuchulukana tokha. Pali mabakiteriya abwino m'thupi lathu komanso m'malo omwe timakhala, komanso mabakiteriya oipa omwe amayambitsa matenda.
• Mavairasi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kuposa mabakiteriya ndipo sitingathe kukhala ndi moyo tokha. Kuti apulumuke, agawikane, ndikuchulukana, ayenera kulowa mu selo lina lamoyo (selo lokhalamo).

Maantibayotiki amapangidwira kuwononga mbali zina za mabakiteriya (monga khoma la maselo a bakiteriya) kapena kusokoneza moyo wawo (monga kupanga mapuloteni). Chifukwa kapangidwe ndi moyo wa mavairasi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi wa mabakiteriya, maantibayotiki sangaphe mavairasi.

Chofunika: Choncho, mukakhala ndi chimfine, musamufunse dokotala kuti, "Ndipatseni mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda." Ngati dokotala sakukupatsani mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwina chifukwa chakuti si oyenera matenda anu.

Kodi ndikofunikira bwanji kupeza mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?

Kupezeka kwa maantibayotiki kunali kusintha kwakukulu pa zamankhwala. Kale, anthu ambiri ankafa chifukwa cha matenda osavuta a bakiteriya. Tangoganizirani kuchuluka kwa imfa zomwe zinkachitika chifukwa cha bala laling'ono lotenga kachilombo kapena matenda a pakhosi (monga strep throat).

Koma mu 1928, wasayansi wina dzina lake Alexander Fleming mwangozi anapeza mankhwala oyamba opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , penicillin . Anazindikira kuti mtundu wina wa nkhungu (monga nkhungu yomwe imamera pa lalanje) unaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya. Apa ndi pomwe ulendo wa mankhwala odabwitsa awa unayambira. Masiku ano, maantibayotiki akhala ofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda ambiri a bakiteriya, monga chibayo, chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a pakhungu, ndi matenda a mkodzo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popewa matenda pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Mitundu ya maantibayotiki ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito

Masiku ano pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya maantibayotiki. Si onse omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Zimaletsa mabakiteriya kupanga khoma la maselo awo. Kenako mabakiteriyawo amasiyidwa opanda chitetezo ndipo amafa.
• Zimaletsa mabakiteriya kupanga mapuloteni omwe amafunikira. Mabakiteriya sangapulumuke popanda mapuloteni.
• Zimawononga DNA ya bakiteriya, kapena zimailetsa kukopera. Kenako bakiteriya sangathe kugawikana ndi kuchulukana.

Dokotala adzakusankhirani mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kutengera zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda anu, maantibayotiki omwe mabakiteriya amakhudzidwa nawo, msinkhu wanu, komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena.

Maantibayotiki ena ndi "broad-spectrum," kutanthauza kuti amatha kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana. Ena ndi "narrow-spectrum," kutanthauza kuti amalimbana ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya mabakiteriya.

Onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki!

Ngakhale kuti maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala ofunika kwambiri opulumutsa moyo, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Chifukwa chake, payenera kusamalidwa kwambiri pankhani izi.

1. Onetsetsani kuti mwamwa mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wakupatsani:

• Ngakhale mutamva bwino pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, imwani mankhwalawo kwa masiku onse omwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani. Ngati musiya, mabakiteriya oipa omwe atsala m'thupi lanu akhoza kukudwalitsaninso. Sikuti zokhazo, komanso mabakiteriya omwe atsala nawonso akhoza kukhala osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwalawo. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, mankhwala omwe mudzapatsidwa nthawi ina sangagwire ntchito.
• Tangoganizirani, bwenzi lanu Sumanawati wapatsidwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki kwa masiku 7 ndi dokotala chifukwa cha matenda a pakhosi. Ngati asiya kumwa mankhwalawo patatha masiku atatu, mabakiteriya otsalawo angamudwalitsenso, mwina kuyambitsa matenda oopsa monga rheumatic fever.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito maantibayotiki okha omwe dokotala wakupatsani:

• Musagwiritsenso ntchito maantibayotiki otsala omwe mudapatsidwa chifukwa cha matenda omwe mudadwala kale. Mankhwalawa sangagwire ntchito pa matenda amenewo, kapena mlingo wake sungakwanire.
• Musamwe mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe mnzanu kapena wachibale wanu akuganiza kuti ndi oyenera kwa inu.

3. Musapatse wina aliyense mankhwala anu opha maantibayotiki.

4. Musaiwale kuuza dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la mankhwala, mukumwa mankhwala a matenda ena, muli ndi pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa, chifukwa maantibayotiki ena sali oyenera pazochitika zotere.

5. Dziwani zotsatirapo zake:

• Mankhwala ambiri opha maantibayotiki angayambitse zotsatirapo zazing'ono. Zinthu monga kuvutika m'mimba, nseru, kusanza, ndi ziphuphu zazing'ono pakhungu. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zazikulu ndipo zimatha patatha masiku ochepa mutasiya kumwa mankhwala.
• Komabe, ngati mukuvutika kupuma, kutupa pankhope, kapena kutupa thupi lonse, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu la ziwengo. Ngati izi zitachitika , siyani kumwa mankhwala nthawi yomweyo ndipo pitani kwa dokotala.

Kodi kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi koopsa bwanji?

Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri la thanzi padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. Kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi pamene mabakiteriya amakhala amphamvu kwambiri moti amakumana ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo pakapita nthawi moti amakhala osamva mankhwalawo. Mwachidule, mabakiteriya amakhala "anzeru" ndipo amapeza njira zothawira mankhwala omwe timawapatsa kuti awaphe.

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti timagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki molakwika.

• Kumwa maantibayotiki pamene sakufunikira (monga malungo oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo).
• Kusamwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yonse yomwe dokotala wakupatsani.
• Gulani maantibayotiki ku pharmacy popanda kufunsa dokotala.

Ngati kukana mankhwala opha mabakiteriya kukukulirakulira, ngakhale matenda ofala a bakiteriya sangachiritsidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda omwe kale ankachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osavuta amafunika chithandizo chatsopano, champhamvu, komanso chokwera mtengo. Zingayambitsenso "matenda oopsa" omwe palibe mankhwala ena omwe angachiritse.

Tonsefe tili ndi udindo waukulu wopewa izi. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe tingachite ndikugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki monga momwe dokotala wanenera.

Kodi ndi chiyani chapadera chokhudza kupereka maantibayotiki kwa ana?

Muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamapatsa ana mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

• Mlingo: Mlingo wa maantibayotiki omwe amaperekedwa kwa ana umatsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwawo. Mlingo woperekedwa kwa akuluakulu sungaperekedwe kwa ana.
• Mtundu: Mitundu ina ya maantibayotiki si yoyenera ana kapena matupi awo omwe akukula.
• Uphungu wa dokotala wa ana: Nthawi zonse perekani mwana wanu mankhwala opha tizilombo okhawo omwe dokotala wa ana wamuuza, monga momwe akunenera, komanso nthawi yonse yomwe wanena.
• Musamapemphe nthawi zonse maantibayotiki pa zinthu monga chimfine ndi chifuwa choyambitsa matenda. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalemba maantibayotiki pa matenda a bakiteriya monga bacterial tonsillitis, matenda ena a m'makutu, ndi matenda a mkodzo (UTIs).

Kodi simungapulumuke matenda a bakiteriya popanda maantibayotiki?

Inde! Pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe matenda a bakiteriya asanachitike:

• Khalani aukhondo: Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi, makamaka musanadye, mutapita kuchimbudzi, komanso mutabwerera kunyumba kuchokera panja.
• Pezani Katemera: Pali katemera amene angateteze matenda ena a bakiteriya (monga chibayo, meningitis, chifuwa chachikulu). Pezani katemerayu pa nthawi yake.
• Chitetezo cha chakudya: Idyani chakudya chophikidwa bwino komanso choyera.
• Tsukani mabala bwino: Tsukani ngakhale mabala ang'onoang'ono bwino ndipo pakani bandeji ngati pakufunika kutero.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, ndikuganiza kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino za maantibayotiki. Pomaliza, tiyeni tikumbukirenso mfundo izi:

• Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya okha . Sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi.
• Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito maantibayotiki pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani malangizo, komanso monga momwe mwalangizidwira .
• Onetsetsani kuti mwamaliza mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Musasiye kumwa chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zanu zachepa.
• Tiyeni tonse tithandizeni kupewa ngozi ya kusamva mankhwala opha majeremusi. Njira yabwino yochitira zimenezi ndi kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha majeremusi mosafunikira.
• Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa nkhani inayake, musachite manyazi ndipo funsani dokotala wanu.

Ndikukufunirani moyo wathanzi!

Mankhwala Opha Utoto, Mabakiteriya, Mavairasi, Mankhwala Opha Utoto, Matenda, Mankhwala, Thanzi, Kukana Mankhwala Opha Utoto, Chithandizo