Tiyeni tikambirane za khansa ya chiwindi. Zimene muyenera kudziwa!

Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono mukamva za khansa ya chiwindi. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino izi. Chiwindi sichili chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri m'thupi lathu, komanso chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, khansa ikakula m'chiwalo chofunikira chotere, imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Kodi Khansa ya Chiwindi ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Mwachidule, khansa ya chiwindi ndi chotupa choipa chomwe chimayamba m'chiwindi. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya izi. 1. Khansa Yoyamba ya Chiwindi: Pankhaniyi, khansa imayambira m'chiwindi. Tikambirana kwambiri za mtundu uwu m'nkhaniyi. 2. Khansa Yachiwiri ya Chiwindi: Pankhaniyi, khansa yomwe imayamba kwina m'thupi (monga mapapo, m'matumbo) imafalikira ku chiwindi.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya chiwindi yoyamba ndi iti?

Palinso mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Khansa ya chiwindi (HCC): Iyi ndi khansa ya chiwindi yofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, tikamalankhula za khansa ya chiwindi, timakhala tikunena za `(HCC)` iyi.
• Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) : Izi ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Khansa iyi (yomwe imatchedwanso `Cholangiocarcinoma`) imayamba m'mitsempha ya ndulu ya chiwindi chathu. Imakhala pakati pa 10% ndi 20% ya khansa zonse za chiwindi .
• Hepatic angiosarcoma: Iyi ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Imakhala pafupifupi 1% ya khansa zonse za chiwindi. Khansa iyi imayambira m'makoma a mitsempha yamagazi m'chiwindi. Khansa yamtunduwu, yotchedwa ``Angiosarcoma``, nthawi zina imatha kufalikira m'ziwalo zina.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya chiwindi ndi ziti? Kodi timazizindikira bwanji?

Zizindikiro za mitundu yonse itatu ya khansa ya chiwindi zimafanana kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zina sipangakhale zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro. Ndicho chomwe chimawopsa pang'ono. Koma tiyeni tidziwe zizindikiro izi:

• Mkodzo wakuda kapena ndowe zotuwa/zotuwa: Muyenera kuda nkhawa ngati mkodzo wanu wasintha mwadzidzidzi mtundu kukhala bulauni wakuda, kapena ngati ndowe zanu zili ndi imvi kapena dongo m'malo mwa mtundu wawo wanthawi zonse.
• Kutupa popanda chifukwa: Ngati mwadzidzidzi mumakhala ndi mawanga abuluu kapena mabala pathupi lanu, chimenechonso ndi chizindikiro.
• Kutopa : Kumva kutopa komanso kusakhala ndi moyo, ngakhale mutagona tulo tochuluka bwanji.
• Malungo: Malungo osatha komanso osadziwika bwino.
• Chotupa kapena kulimba komwe kumamveka ngati chotupa pansi pa nthiti, kumanja: Ngati mukumva chotupa kumtunda kwa mimba yanu, pansi pomwe nthiti zanu zimathera, musachinyalanyaze.
• Khungu loyabwa: Makamaka ngati mukanda thupi lanu lonse popanda chifukwa.
• Kusowa chilakolako cha kudya kapena kungochepetsa thupi: Kusamva ngati ukufuna kudya, ndi kuchepetsa thupi popanda kuyesetsa.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza: Ngati mumakhala ndi nseru ndi kusanza pafupipafupi.
• Kupweteka kapena kutupa m'mimba yakumanja: Ngati muli ndi ululu m'mimba yakumanja yakumanja, kapena ngati m'mimba mwanu mukumva kutupa.
• Jaundice: Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe anthu ambiri amachidziwa. Ndi chikasu cha khungu ndi maso oyera . Tangoganizani kuti mnzanu, tiyeni tinene kuti Nimal, mwadzidzidzi azindikira kuti maso ake akusintha kukhala achikasu ndipo mkodzo wake ukusintha kukhala wakuda. Angaganize kuti, 'Izi ziyenera kuti ndi jaundice.' Koma si chikasu chonse chomwe ndi jaundice wamba, nthawi zina chingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa ngati awa.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya chiwindi ndi ziti?

Vuto ndi ili. Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya chiwindi siionetsa zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro kwake. Choncho ngati mukuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo (tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolo), chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwonana ndi dokotala ndikukayezetsa chiwindi chanu. Kenako adzayitanitsa mayeso ofunikira (monga 'mayeso a ntchito ya chiwindi').

Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya chiwindi imachitika pamene `DNA` ya maselo a chiwindi abwino imakhudzidwa. Kodi mukudziwa, `DNA` ndi chidziwitso cha majini chomwe chimauza maselo athu momwe angagwirire ntchito? Tonsefe tili ndi majini m'thupi lathu omwe amauza maselo athu kuti akule, agawane, ndi kufa panthawi yoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, majini otchedwa `(Oncogenes)` amathandiza maselo kukula ndi kugawa. Majini otchedwa `(majini oletsa chotupa)` amaletsa maselo kugawa mosalamulirika komanso amachititsa maselo kufa panthawi yoyenera. Komabe, pamene `DNA` yathu isintha (`imasintha`), maselo amapeza malangizo atsopano, olakwika. Malangizo olakwika awa amachititsa maselo kukhala maselo a khansa ndikuyamba kukula mosalamulirika. Matenda ena ndi zina zimatha kuwononga `DNA` ya chiwindi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa.

Zinthu Zoopsa za Khansa ya Chiwindi

Choopsa chachikulu cha khansa ya chiwindi ndi matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B (HBV) kapena hepatitis C (HCV) omwe amatha kuwononga chiwindi ndikuyambitsa matenda a chiwindi.Matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis ndi matenda omwe chiwindi chimauma komanso kufooka. Matendawa amatha kubweretsa khansa ya chiwindi pambuyo pake.

Chofunika: Matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi B ndi C ndi matenda omwe amafalikira kudzera m'magazi ndi madzi amthupi, choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze ku matenda amenewa.

Pali zinthu zina zingapo zoopsa:

• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Tonse tikudziwa kuti kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso sikwabwino. Kungawononge chiwindi, kungayambitse matenda a chiwindi, komanso khansa.
• Matenda a chiwindi a steatotic omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kagayidwe kachakudya (MASLD): Ili ndi vuto lomwe limapezeka mwa anthu ambiri masiku ano. Mwachidule, ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi. Izinso, ngati zipitirira kwa nthawi yayitali, zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa.
• Kunenepa Kwambiri: Kunenepa kwambiri kungayambitse mafuta m'chiwindi ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha khansa.
• Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya chiwindi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Monga kusuta fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya chiwindi.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji khansa ya chiwindi?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya chiwindi, kapena ngati muli ndi zinthu zomwe zingakuopsezeni, mukapita kwa dokotala, choyamba adzakuyesani thupi . Iye adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Kenako, mungatumizidwe kukayezetsa monga:

• Angiogram: Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza mitsempha yamagazi m'chiwindi.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Pali kuyezetsa magazi kwapadera (monga `zolemba za chotupa`) kuti muwone ngati muli ndi khansa. Kuyezetsanso ntchito ya chiwindi kumachitika.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Izi zitha kujambula zithunzi za chiwindi mwatsatanetsatane. Izi zingathandize kudziwa kukula ndi malo a chotupacho.
• Kuyesa kwa ERCP: Kuyesaku kungachitike ngati pali kukayikira kuti pali khansa ya ndulu (`Cholangiocarcinoma`).
• Ultrasound ya chiwindi: Izi zimatenganso zithunzi za mkati mwa chiwindi.
• MRI: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito akuluakulu, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti zijambule zithunzi zomveka bwino za chiwindi.

Ngati mayeso a magazi ndi ma scan awa akuwonetsa khansa ya chiwindi, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amalamula kuti chiwindi chifufuzidwe , yomwe ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yotsimikizira khansa.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya chiwindi ndi ati?

Kugawa magawo ndi njira yomwe madokotala amadziwira kutalika kwa khansa ndikukonza chithandizo moyenerera. Njira yodziwika bwino yogawa magawo a khansa ya chiwindi ndi Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system (BCLC) . Imaganizira zinthu monga zizindikiro, magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi, ndi kukula kwa chotupacho. Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito mayina osiyanasiyana akamakufotokozerani magawo awa. Mwachitsanzo, Gawo I mpaka Gawo V, Gawo O mpaka C, kapena "khansa yoyambirira" / "khansa yapamwamba." Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule:

• Gawo Loyamba / Gawo O / Gawo Loyambirira Kwambiri: Pali chotupa chimodzi chokha m'chiwindi. Chili chochepera masentimita awiri (pafupifupi mainchesi 4/5). Mayeso a magazi amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa `(Bilirubin)`.
• Gawo Lachiwiri / Gawo A / Gawo Loyambirira: Pali chotupa chimodzi, chomwe chingakhale ndi kukula kwa masentimita 5 (pafupifupi mainchesi awiri). Kapena, pakhoza kukhala zotupa zingapo zazing'ono kuposa masentimita atatu (pafupifupi mainchesi 1 1/4). Izi zikuphatikizaponso milandu pamene khansa yafalikira ku mitsempha yamagazi.
• Gawo Lachitatu / Gawo B / Gawo lapakati: Pali chotupa choposa chimodzi, ndipo/kapena chotupa chimodzi chili ndi masentimita 5 kapena kuposerapo. Khansayo ikhoza kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes, mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi, kapena ziwalo zina.
• Gawo Lachinayi / Gawo C / Gawo lapamwamba: Khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi (monga mapapo, mafupa).

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira khansa ya chiwindi. Zina ndi mankhwala, zina ndi opaleshoni. Mankhwala azachipatala angaphatikizepo:

• Chemotherapy: Kupereka mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa.
• Chemoembolization: Kupereka mankhwala a chemotherapy mwachindunji kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapatsa chotupa magazi ndikutseka mtsemphawo.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chizilimbana ndi maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Kuwononga maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri.
• Kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya m'thupi: Kuika mbewu zazing'ono zotulutsa mpweya m'chotupacho.
• Chithandizo cholunjika: Kupereka mankhwala omwe amakhudza mamolekyu enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula ndi kufalikira.

Mankhwala opaleshoni angaphatikizepo:

• Kuchotsa maselo a khansa: Kuwononga maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kuzizira kwambiri, kapena mankhwala.
• Kuchotsa chiwindi (kuchotsa chiwindi): Kuchotsa gawo la chiwindi pamodzi ndi chotupa cha khansa pa opaleshoni.
• Kuika chiwindi: Kuchotsa chiwindi chonse chomwe chili ndi matenda ndikuika chiwindi chathanzi.

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi ingachiritsidwe?

Kuika chiwindi bwino kungachiritse khansa ya chiwindi. Komabe, si aliyense amene akufunika kuikidwa chiwindi amene angachilandire. Mwachitsanzo, thanzi lawo likhoza kukhala lofooka kwambiri moti silingathe kupirira kuikidwa chiwindi. Komanso, zingakhale zovuta kupeza chiwindi choyenera chopereka. Mankhwala ena angathandize kuchepetsa khansa, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwake, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wa wodwalayo.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti izi ndi zomwe anthu ambiri akufuna kudziwa, n'zovuta kunena nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mungakhale ndi moyo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zimadalira zinthu zambiri, monga gawo la khansa, momwe chithandizo chimachitikira, komanso thanzi la wodwalayo. Ofufuza akusintha nthawi zonse chithandizo cha khansa ya chiwindi kuti athandize anthu kukhala ndi moyo wautali pang'ono. Komabe, khansa ya chiwindi ikadali matenda oopsa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero (izi ndi deta ya ku America, momwe zinthu zilili ku Sri Lanka zitha kukhala zosiyana), pafupifupi 21% ya anthu omwe ali ndi `(HCC)` kapena `(IHC)` amakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa. Pa khansa yoyambirira (gawo I kapena II), kuchuluka kwa moyo wazaka zisanu ndi pafupifupi 37%. Komabe, imatsika kufika pa 13% pa ​​gawo III ndi 3% pa ​​gawo IV.

Kumbukirani, ziwerengerozi ndi kungoyerekeza chabe. Mkhalidwe wanu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu wa khansa za izi ndikupeza zomwe zikukukhudzani.

Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe khansa ya chiwindi?

Sitingathe kuletsa khansa ya chiwindi kwathunthu, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu:

• Jambulani jakisoni wa chiwindi cha mtundu wa B: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Boma tsopano likupereka katemerayu. Ngati simunalandire katemerayu, funsani dokotala za katemerayu.
• Dzitetezeni ku Hepatitis C: Palibe katemera wa Hepatitis C pakadali pano. Choncho pewani kukhudzana ndi magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Musagwiritse ntchito singano kapena ma syringe omwe ena agwiritsa ntchito.
• Ngati mukusuta fodya, yesani kusiya: Ngati mukufuna thandizo, funsani gulu lanu lachipatala za mapulogalamu oletsa kusuta fodya.
• Chepetsani kapena siyani kumwa mowa: Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse matenda a chiwindi komanso kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera: Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto.
• Funsani dokotala wanu za kuyezetsa khansa ya chiwindi: Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi, matenda a shuga, kapena kunenepa kwambiri, kapena ngati mumamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, ndi bwino kupita kukayezetsa magazi nthawi zonse komanso kukayezetsa chiwindi ndi ultrasound.

Khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi ndi matenda oopsa. Ikhoza kukhala itafika pachimake mukadzapezeka ndi khansa ya chiwindi. Njira zochiritsira ndizochepa. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzagwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira kuti khansa isakule. Zidzakuthandizaninso kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikusunga moyo wanu wabwino. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochiritsira khansa yopita patsogolo. Iye adzakuuzani za ubwino ndi zotsatirapo za njira iliyonse. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala otsimikiza popanga zisankho.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndi zachilendo kumva mantha mukamalankhula za khansa ya chiwindi, koma kuzindikira ndiko mphamvu yaikulu.

• Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chofunikira m'thupi lathu. Ndi udindo wathu kuchiteteza.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ndi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B ndi C komanso matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi matenda a shuga ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
• Zizindikiro sizingawonekere pachiyambi, choncho ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zinthu zoopsa azipita kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse.
• Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira khansa ya chiwindi. Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chimasankhidwa kutengera gawo la matendawa komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.
• Kupewa ndikwabwino kwambiri. Pezani katemera wa chiwindi cha mtundu wa B ndikutsatira moyo wathanzi.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi izi, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala. Adzakuthandizani. Musavutike nokha, pemphani thandizo. Khansa ya Chiwindi, მიდების მიდები, Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, მიდები