Chamba, hemp, chamba, udzu, mphika... Mayina awa mwina ndi odziwika bwino kwa inu. Anthu ena amati ndi mankhwala, ena amati ndi mankhwala oopsa. Pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza izi m'gulu la anthu. Ndiye kodi kwenikweni ndi chiyani? Kodi chimachita chiyani ndi thupi? Lero, tikambirana malingaliro onse olakwika ndi nkhani zenizeni zokhudza izi, ngati kuti tikulankhula ndi mnzanu. Uku ndi kuyesa kupereka mayankho omveka bwino a mafunso omwe muli nawo m'maganizo mwanu.
Tiyeni tione kaye, kodi chamba ichi ndi chiyani?
Ngakhale anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chamba" ndi "chamba" mosinthana, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa awiriwa. Choyamba tiyeni timvetse bwino zimenezo.
- Chamba: Izi zikutanthauza chinthu chilichonse chochokera ku chomera chodziwika kuti `(Cannabis sativa)`. Izi zikutanthauza maluwa ouma, masamba, tsinde, ndi mbewu za chomeracho. Chomerachi chili ndi zigawo zoposa 500 za mankhwala. `(Cannabidiol - CBD)` ndi chimodzi mwa mankhwala otere.
- Chamba: Izi zikutanthauza zigawo kapena zinthu za chomera cha `(Cannabis sativa)` zomwe zili ndi mankhwala ambiri `(tetrahydrocannabinol - THC)`. Mankhwalawa `(THC)` (omwe amatchedwanso `(cannabinoid)`) ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mumakhalira "oledzera", kapena kuledzera.
Mwachidule, chamba chonse ndi chamba (chomwe chimachokera ku chomera cha chamba), koma si chamba chonse ndi chamba (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti si chamba chonse chili ndi THC yambiri yomwe imayambitsa psychoactive).
Chamba ndi chimodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata. Koma mwasayansi, pali zambiri zomwe sitikudziwa za chamba. Ofufuza akuphunzirabe za zotsatira za chambachi kwa kanthawi kochepa komanso kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi chamba ndi hallucinogen?
Asayansi akhala akuika chamba (THC) m'gulu la zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa hallucinogen. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chinthu chomwe chingapangitse anthu kuona kapena kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo. Komabe, izi sizimachitika nthawi iliyonse pamene chamba chikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kungayambitse zilombo zooneka ngati zilombo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana ndi zotsatira za zinthu zina zooneka ngati zilombo, monga LSD. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zotsatira za chamba zochititsa zilombo zooneka ngati zilombo zingagwire ntchito mosiyana ndi zinthu zina zochititsa zilombo zooneka ngati zilombo.
Ndiye kodi 'chamba chamankhwala' n'chiyani?
Mwina munamvapo kuti m'maiko ena, kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ndikololedwa mwalamulo pa matenda enaake. Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndikuthandizira kuwongolera zizindikiro za matenda enaake . Sichichiritsa matendawa kwathunthu. Nazi zina mwazochitika zomwe chamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala:
- Kuchepetsa ululu wosatha: Kuchepetsa ululu, makamaka ululu wa mitsempha. Izi zingathandizenso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu a opioid.
- Kuchepetsa nseru: Monga mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba omwe amaletsa kusanza ndi nseru.
- Lamulirani zizindikiro zina: Lamulirani zizindikiro monga kuuma kwa minofu (kupindika) komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda monga ``Multiple sclerosis - MS''.
- Kulimbikitsa chilakolako: Kulimbikitsa chilakolako cha anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako.
Koma kumbukirani, ngakhale m'maiko ngati United States, bungwe la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laika chamba m'gulu la mankhwala omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala ndipo ali ndi mwayi waukulu woledzera . Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madokotala sangathe "kulemba" chamba. Komabe, m'maiko omwe amaloledwa mwalamulo, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothandiza pa matenda ena.
Mabungwe odziwika padziko lonse lapansi sanavomereze chomera cha chamba ngati mankhwala a matenda aliwonse. Komabe, mankhwala angapo opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena oyeretsedwa kuchokera ku chomera cha chamba avomerezedwa.
| Mankhwala ovomerezeka | Chitsanzo cha kagwiritsidwe ntchito |
|---|---|
| Cannabidiol (Cannabidiol - Epidiolex®) | Kuletsa khunyu m'mitundu iwiri yosowa kwambiri ya khunyu (kufinya) yotchedwa Lennox-Gastaut syndrome ndi Dravet syndrome . |
| Dronabinol (Marinol®) ndi nabilone (Cesamet®) | Kuletsa nseru ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala a chemotherapy a khansa. Mankhwala a dronabinol amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa chilakolako cha chakudya ndi kuchepa thupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS. |
Kodi chamba chimakukhudzani bwanji?
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Momwe chamba chimakhudzira munthu aliyense ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi:
- Majini anu.
- zaka zanu.
- Jenda lanu.
- Kuchuluka kwa chamba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mphamvu yake.
- Njira yomwe mumagwiritsira ntchito chamba (kusuta, kusuta ndudu, kapena kudya).
- Mumagwiritsa ntchito chamba kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso kangati.
- Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mnzanu sangamve mofanana ndi inu mukamamwa chamba. Komanso, ngakhale kwa munthu yemweyo, zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kodi zotsatira zake nthawi yomweyo ndi ziti?
Mukasuta chamba, `(THC)` imalowa mwachangu kwambiri kuchokera m'mapapo kupita m'magazi. Imadutsa m'magazi kupita ku ubongo ndi ziwalo zina. Koma ngati mudya kapena kumwa chamba, `(THC)` imalowa pang'onopang'ono m'thupi. Zingatenge mphindi pafupifupi 30 mpaka 60 kuti mumve zotsatira zake.
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani mkati mwa ubongo? Pali mankhwala otchedwa `(anandamide)` omwe amapezeka mwachibadwa mu ubongo wathu. `(THC)` ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri ndi `(anandamide)`. Chifukwa chake, `(THC)` imatha kumangirira ku ma receptors mu ubongo omwe ali okhudzana ndi `(anandamide)` ndikupangitsa ziwalozo kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zimachitika.
| Zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kwa kanthawi kochepa | |
|---|---|
| Zotsatira pa ntchito ya ubongo | |
| Zomverera zosinthika | Mitundu imawoneka yowala kwambiri, fungo limakhala lamphamvu kwambiri. |
| Kusintha kwa lingaliro la nthawi ndi malo | Kumva ngati nthawi ikupita pang'onopang'ono. |
| Kusintha kwa maganizo | Kumva chisangalalo popanda chifukwa. |
| Mavuto a kuganiza ndi kukumbukira | Kuvuta kuthetsa mavuto, kukumbukira molakwika. |
| Mavuto olinganiza bwino komanso ogwirizana | Kuvuta kuyenda, nthawi yochitapo kanthu pang'onopang'ono. |
| Zotsatira zina | Kugona, chizungulire, mantha. |
| Zotsatira zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso | |
| Kuona zinthu molakwika | Kuona kapena kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo kwenikweni. |
| Zonyenga | Kukhulupirira kwambiri zinthu zomwe si zoona konse. |
| Matenda amisala | Kutaya chidziwitso chenicheni. Chiwopsezochi ndi chachikulu makamaka kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba champhamvu kwambiri pafupipafupi. |
| Zotsatira zina za kanthawi kochepa pa thupi | |
| Makhalidwe a thupi | Pakamwa pouma, nseru, kugunda kwa mtima kwambiri (kungatenge maola atatu), njala yowonjezereka. |
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali?
Ofufuza akuphunzirabe zambiri zokhudza zotsatira za chamba kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka mpaka pano, kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse zotsatirazi:
- Zotsatira pakukula kwa ubongo: Ngati muyamba kugwiritsa ntchito chamba, makamaka ali aang'ono (ubongo usanakule bwino), chingawononge kulumikizana kwa mitsempha muubongo komwe kumayang'anira njira monga kusamala, kukumbukira, ndi kuphunzira. Zotsatirazi zitha kukhalapo moyo wonse .
- Kuwonongeka kwa mapapo:Monga fodya, kusuta chilichonse n’koopsa m’mapapo. Kusuta chamba kungawononge mapapo, kuyambitsa matenda monga bronchitis, komanso kuwononga mitsempha yamagazi.
- Kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko: Kusuta chamba kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha sitiroko, matenda a mtima , ndi matenda ena a mitsempha yamagazi.
- Kuopsa kwa matenda amisala: Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba pafupipafupi, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda amisala m'majini, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amisala oopsa (psychoses) monga schizophrenia.
- Kusanza kosalekeza: Anthu omwe amamwa THC yambiri kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, lomwe limadziwika ndi kusanza pafupipafupi komanso kwakukulu.
- Mavuto ena azaumoyo: Matenda a m'mimba, kupweteka pafupipafupi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle cell, komanso matenda a umuna mwa amuna zimatha kusokoneza kubereka.
Kodi mungakhale okonda chamba?
Inde, n'zotheka ndithu.
Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa akuluakulu 10 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba amakhala ndi vuto lotchedwa "Cannabis use disorder." Ili ndi matenda amisala okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mankhwala osokoneza bongo - SUD). Mwachidule, ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha "kuledzera."
Anthu amene amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chamba, makamaka ali aang'ono, ali ndi mwayi wopeza vutoli nthawi zinayi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri kuposa akuluakulu.
Chizolowezichi chingakhudze thanzi lanu, ubale wanu ndi banja lanu, ntchito yanu, ndi mbali iliyonse ya moyo wanu. Chifukwa chake, ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi zizindikiro za vutoli, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba panthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa
Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Akuluakulu azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi akulangiza mwamphamvu kuti musagwiritse ntchito CBD, THC, kapena chamba mwanjira iliyonse panthawi ya mimba kapena poyamwitsa .
Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba panthawi ya mimba kungayambitse mavuto aakulu monga:
- Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo wa mwana m'mimba: THC m'magazi a mayi ikhoza kulowa mu ubongo wa mwana. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti izi zingakhudze zinthu monga chidwi cha mwana, kukumbukira kwake, komanso luso lake lothana ndi mavuto.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha kubadwa kwa makanda olemera pang'ono.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo chobereka mwana asanakwane nthawi komanso mwina kufa kwa mwana m'mimba .
Komanso, mpaka masiku asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera pamene mayiyo anagwiritsa ntchito chambaMkaka wa m'mawere ungakhale ndi THC. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito chamba chonse mukamayamwitsa. THC imatha kudutsa mkaka kupita kwa mwana ndikukhudza kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana.
Kuphatikiza apo, utsi wa chamba uli ndi mankhwala ambiri oopsa omwewo monga utsi wa fodya. Chifukwa chake, musasute chamba pamaso pa makanda kapena ana aang'ono.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chamba ndi gawo la chomera chomwe chili ndi mankhwala osokoneza maganizo otchedwa ``THC'' omwe amakupangitsani kukhala ndi "kuledzera."
- Zotsatira za chamba zimasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi munthu aliyense. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zaka zanu, majini anu, ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka ali aang'ono, kungawononge kwambiri kukula kwa ubongo, mapapo, ndi mtima.
- Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito chamba ndi vuto lenileni la maganizo lomwe limafuna chithandizo.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba panthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa kumavulaza kwambiri mwana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupewa chambacho kotheratu .
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kapena zotsatira zake, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu . Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni.
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