Kodi pali vuto la mpweya m'magazi? Tiyeni tiphunzire za methemoglobinemia!

Kodi munayamba mwawonapo khungu ndi milomo ya munthu ikusandulika mtundu wabuluu wachilendo mwadzidzidzi? Kapena munamvapo kuti ana ena amabadwa abuluu pang'ono? Chifukwa chimodzi cha izi chikhoza kukhala vuto la magazi losowa kwambiri, koma lomwe lingakhale lalikulu. Lero tikambirana za vuto limodzi lotere , methemoglobinemia . Anthu ena amalitchanso "blue baby syndrome."

Kodi methemoglobinemia kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, methemoglobinemia ndi vuto lomwe maselo ofiira a m'magazi athu sangathe kunyamula mpweya kupita ku maselo ena ndi minofu m'thupi. Taganizirani izi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi omwe amathandiza kunyamula mpweya m'thupi lathu lonse, sichoncho? Maselo ofiira awa ali ndi puloteni yapadera yotchedwa hemoglobin . Ili ngati basi, ndipo hemoglobin iyi imanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse.

Komabe, mu mkhalidwe uwu wotchedwa ``Methemoglobinemia``, chomwe chimachitika ndi chakuti ``Hemoglobin`` yathu yomwe imanyamula mpweya imasintha ndikukhala chinthu china chotchedwa ``Methemoglobin``. Vuto ndilakuti, ``Methemoglobin`` iyi singathe kunyamula mpweya. Zili ngati basi yomwe imanyamula mpweya imawonongeka ndipo singathe kunyamula anthu.

Matendawa amatha kutengera kwa anthu ena (mwa majini) . Koma nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala enaake omwe timagwiritsa ntchito, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake . Nthawi zina amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka kwa makanda obadwa ndi vuto lalikulu komanso kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala ochepetsa ``Methemoglobin`` ndikuchotsa zizindikiro.

Kodi izi zimakhudza bwanji thupi langa?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi methemoglobinemia amakumana ndi vuto lotchedwa cyanosis . Cyanosis ndi pamene misomali yanu, lilime, milomo, ndi khungu lanu zimasanduka mtundu wabuluu kapena wofiirira. Izi zimachitika magazi anu akakhala opanda mpweya wokwanira. Monga ndanenera kale, maselo ofiira a magazi ndi omwe nthawi zambiri amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Puloteni yotchedwa hemoglobin imathandiza pa izi.

Mu methemoglobinemia, ``Methemoglobinemia`` imachitika pamene ``Hemoglobin`` ikhala ``Methemoglobin``, mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini kapena chifukwa china chakunja. Popeza ``Methemoglobin`` silinganyamule mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi kumachepa ndipo mumakhala ``Cyanosis```.

Kodi zizindikiro za Methemoglobinemia ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, komanso zimatengera mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zizindikirozi zimaonekera nthawi zambiri.

Zizindikiro za Methemoglobinemia Yopezeka

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi vutoli akamamwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena akakumana ndi zinthu zoopsa . Izi zimatchedwa acquired methemoglobinemia. Zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike ndi izi:

• Khungu lotumbululuka (lotumbululuka)
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (kutopa)
• Kufooka
• Mutu

Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi methemoglobinemia amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa zomwe zimafuna thandizo lachipatala mwachangu . Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kugona tulo tofa nato, kulankhula movutikira, komanso kuyankha mochedwa: Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo kwa mitsempha yapakati .
• Kutaya chidziwitso kapena kuyenda kosalamulirika kwa thupi (monga khunyu): Izi ndi zizindikiro za khunyu .
• Kupuma mofulumira, kugunda kwa mtima kwambiri, ndi chisokonezo: Izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda otchedwa metabolic acidosis .

Chofunika: Ngati wina amene muli naye akuwonetsa zizindikiro za khunyu, `(Metabolic Acidosis)` kapena `(Central Nervous System Depression)`, muyenera kuyimbira foni nthawi yomweyo 1990 ndikuyimbira ambulansi .

Zizindikiro za Congenital Methemoglobinemia

Matenda a methemoglobinemia obadwa nawo ndi osowa kwambiri. Ndi milandu yochepa chabe yomwe yanenedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kutengera ndi zomwe zanenedwazo, madokotala agawa matendawa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: Matenda a Mtundu 1, Matenda a Mtundu 2, ndi Matenda a Hemoglobin M (HbM) .

• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a hemoglobin M (HbM) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi cyanosis (khungu labuluu), koma nthawi zambiri amakhala athanzi.
• Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa methemoglobinemia (mtundu woyamba wa MetHb) ali ndi cyanosis, mavuto ena akuluakulu azaumoyo ndi osowa.
• Komabe, makanda obadwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa methemoglobinemia (Mtundu wachiwiri wa MetHb) amatha kukhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu a mitsempha akafika miyezi 9. Mwatsoka, makanda amenewa sakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Chifukwa chiyani methemoglobinemia imachitika?

Matendawa amatha kutengera kwa makolo, kapena, monga ndanenera kale, amathanso kuyambitsidwa pambuyo pake ndi mankhwala ena, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena mankhwala oopsa.

Zifukwa za Methemoglobinemia Yopezeka

• Mankhwala opha ululu monga benzocaine ndi lidocaine (makamaka omwe amapezeka m'ma gels ndi ma spray) komanso mankhwala opha tizilombo otchedwa dapsone angayambitse izi.
• Nitrates zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mankhwala ena, Ma nitrite, omwe amapezeka mu zosungira zakudya ndi m'madzi ena a m'zitsime, komanso kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena ophera udzu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi ndizomwe zimayambitsa.
• Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga amyl nitrite (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti poppers), nitrous oxide (gasi loseka), ndi mankhwala ena oletsa ululu osakanikirana ndi mankhwala monga cocaine ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto azachipatala omwe angawopseze moyo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa methemoglobin.

Zifukwa za Congenital Methemoglobinemia

Congenital methemoglobinemia (Congenital MetHb) imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini awiri osiyana.

• Mu mitundu 1 ndi 2 , kusintha kwa majini a CYB5R kumasokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa hemoglobin ndi methemoglobin m'maselo ofiira a magazi.
• Matenda a Hemoglobin M (HbM) amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini angapo a Hemoglobin M.

Congenital methemoglobinemia ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha autosomal recessive . Mwachidule, kuti mwana akhale ndi matendawa, makolo onse awiri ayenera kukhala onyamula majini ndipo mwanayo ayenera kulandira kusintha kwa majini kuchokera kwa onse awiri.

Matenda a Hemoglobin M (HbM) ndi matenda ofala omwe amabwera chifukwa cha autosomal dominant . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana akhoza kudwala matendawa ngakhale atalandira kusintha kwa majini kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi lokha.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Madokotala amazindikira vutoli mwa kutenga mbiri yanu yonse yachipatala ndikufufuza thupi . Ngati wina ali ndi zizindikiro za methemoglobinemia, angafunse za mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapena mankhwala oopsa omwe angakhale atakumana nawo.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe izi?

Mayeso awa nthawi zambiri amachitika:

• Kuyezetsa Magazi: Magazi otengedwa m'mitsempha ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakhala a bulauni wakuda. Mtundu wakuda uwu umatanthauza kuti mitsemphayo siinyamula mpweya bwino m'magazi.
• Kuyesa kwa Methemoglobin (MetHb): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa methemoglobin m'magazi mwanu.
• Ntchito ya enzyme ya CYB5R: Ngati ntchito ya enzyme iyi ndi yotsika kuposa yachibadwa, ndi chizindikiro cha methemoglobinemia yobadwa nayo.
• Kujambula majini: Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi methemoglobinemia yobadwa nayo, DNA yanu idzawunikidwa kuti iwonetse kusintha kwa majini kuti itsimikizire matendawa. Izi zingathandizenso kuzindikira mtundu wa matenda.
• Kuyeza kwa Hemoglobin Electrophoresis:Iyi ndi njira yoyesera ``Hemoglobin`` m'maselo ofiira a magazi. Kuyesa kumeneku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira matenda a hemoglobin M``(HbM).``

Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa methemoglobinemia yomwe muli nayo. Mwachitsanzo, chithandizo cha mwana wakhanda wobadwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha munthu amene wadwala matendawa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

• Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa Methemoglobinemia kapena matenda a Hemoglobin M sangafunike chithandizo. Ngati kuli kofunikira, madokotala angagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa Methemoglobin:
• Methylene Blue: Iyi ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu a methemoglobinemia.
• Vitamini C ndi vitamini B2.

Chithandizo cha Methemoglobinemia Yopezeka

Kutengera ndi vuto, acquired methemoglobinemia ikhoza kukhala vuto lachipatala. Pazochitika zotere, kulowetsedwa kwa madzi m'mitsempha ndi mpweya kungakhale kofunikira . Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi acquired methemoglobinemia amapatsidwa methylene blue .

Kodi mavuto a chithandizo ndi otani?

Ngati munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa G6PD (komanso matenda a majini) apatsidwa chithandizo cha methylene blue nthawi zonse, vuto lotchedwa hemolysis likhoza kuchitika. Hemolysis ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi msanga kapena kosafunikira.

Kodi ndingachepetse chiopsezo changa chotenga methemoglobinemia?

• Anthu omwe amalandira majini ofanana ndi matendawa ayenera kupewa mankhwala oopsa (monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo), mankhwala ena, ndi mankhwala ambiri oletsa ululu omwe angawonjezere kuchuluka kwa methemoglobin. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, funsani dokotala wanu za zomwe mungakhale nazo chifukwa cha ziwengo.
• Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga amyl nitrite kapena cocaine amadziika pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga methemoglobinemia. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndipo mukufuna thandizo kuti musiye, lankhulani ndi dokotala za chithandizo chomwe chilipo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikakhala ndi vutoli?

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chimatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba a Congenital Methemoglobinemia, kapena matenda a Hemoglobin M, amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wautali ngati munthu amene alibe matendawa.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

• Kawirikawiri, anthu obadwa ndi matenda a ``congenital`` ayenera kusamala ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe angawonjezere matendawa. Popeza momwe munthu aliyense alili ndi vuto losiyana pang'ono, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi methemoglobinemia (Acquired MetHb) ayenera kupewa kotheratu zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli - monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, kapena mankhwala oopsa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

• Ngati muli ndi mtundu wa methemoglobinemia wobadwa nawo, pitani kwa dokotala ngati muwona kusintha m'thupi lanu, monga kutopa kapena kutopa. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro zakuti maselo ofiira a magazi anu sakuthanso kunyamula mpweya m'thupi lanu lonse.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa monga cyanosis (khungu labuluu) limodzi ndi khunyu kapena kugona tulo tofa nato, imbani 911 nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku dipatimenti yapafupi yadzidzidzi.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Methemoglobinemia ndi matenda osowa kwambiri m'magazi. Anthu ena ali ndi matendawa monga Congenital MetHb, koma anthu ambiri amadwala pambuyo pake (Acquired MetHb). Kutengera ndi matenda anu, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga:

Zokhudza Acquired Methemoglobinemia (Acquired MetHb):

• N’chifukwa chiyani izi zinandichitikira ine?
• Kodi chithandizochi chidzathetsa zizindikiro zanga?
• Kodi zizindikiro zanga zingabwererenso?
• Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti chinthu chonga ichi chisachitikenso?

Zokhudza Mtundu 1 wa Congenital MetHb:

• Kodi cyanosis (khungu labuluu) ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala?
• Kodi nthawi zonse ndiyenera kumwa mankhwala a methemoglobinemia (MetHb)?
• Kodi ndingakhale ndi zizindikiro zina?
• Kodi ana anga angalandire vutoli?

Mtundu wachiwiri wa Congenital MetHb (ngati uli ndi mwana):

• Kodi vutoli lidzakhudza bwanji mwana wanga?
• Kodi pali mankhwala ochepetsa zizindikiro za mwana wanga?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndithandize mwana wanga?
• Ngati ndili ndi ana ambiri, kodi izi zidzawachitikiranso?

Mwachidule (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Methemoglobinemia ndi matenda osowa magazi omwe amakhudza kuthekera kwa maselo ofiira athu kunyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Kwa ena, ndi matenda obadwa nawo, koma kwa anthu ambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala enaake, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala oopsa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Methemoglobinemia yobadwa nayo (makamaka mtundu wachiwiri) nthawi zina ingayambitse mavuto akuluakulu a mitsempha, koma nthawi zambiri simayambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo. Komabe, methemoglobinemia yopezeka (methemoglobinemia yopezeka) nthawi zina ingakhale yoopsa kwa moyo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati mukuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala za matendawa. Iye adzasangalala kukuthandizani.

Methemoglobinemia , Methemoglobinemia, Blue baby syndrome, Cyanosis, Kusowa kwa mpweya m'magazi, Hemoglobin, Matenda a magazi, Matenda a majini