Kodi munayamba mwakhala ndi bala kapena chithupsa kwinakwake m'thupi mwanu chomwe sichinachiritsidwe m'masiku ochepa? Nthawi zina timaganiza kuti, "O, ndi chithupsa chaching'ono chabe." Koma mabala ndi matenda ena sachira ngakhale ndi maantibayotiki wamba. Pazochitika zimenezo, chifukwa chake chingakhale "superbug" yomwe ndi yoopsa pang'ono kuposa bakiteriya wamba ndipo siigwidwa mosavuta ndi mankhwala. Lero tikambirana za bakiteriya imodzi yotereyi yomwe yatidetsa nkhawa kwambiri m'dziko lachipatala. Ndi MRSA.
Mwachidule, kodi MRSA ndi chiyani?
Dzina lakuti MRSA lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono. Dzina lake lonse ndi Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Tiyeni tisunge mosavuta.
- Staphylococcus aureus: Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa mabakiteriya omwe amakhala mosavulaza pakhungu lathu, mkati mwa mphuno zathu, komanso m'malo ena. Mwachidule timawatcha mabakiteriya a "Staph". Kawirikawiri, ngati mabakiteriyawa alowa m'thupi mwathu, amatha kulowa kudzera pachilonda chaching'ono kapena kudula ndikuyambitsa thumba laling'ono kapena thumba. Komabe, izi zitha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ndi maantibayotiki omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri.
- Kusamva Methicillin: Nayi vuto. `Methicillin` ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe ali m'gulu la `Penicillin`. `Kusamva' kumatanthauza 'kusamva.' Ndiko kuti, mtundu uwu wa mabakiteriya a Staph otchedwa MRSA wapanga mphamvu yolimbana ndi maantibayotiki ambiri, kuphatikizapo `Methicillin`.
Mwachidule, MRSA ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya a Staph omwe amatha "kulimbana ndikupambana" motsutsana ndi maantibayotiki wamba. Zili ngati kumenyana ndi mdani ndikupanga zida zapadera zodzitetezera ku zida zake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuchiza matenda a MRSA, chifukwa pali mankhwala ochepa kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana nawo.
MRSA ndi membala wapadera wa banja la mabakiteriya a Staph omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi maantibayotiki.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a MRSA:
Matenda a MRSA amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu kutengera momwe angatipatsire. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa.
1. MRSA Yopezeka pa Zaumoyo (HA-MRSA): Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mtundu uwu umafalikira m'malo azachipatala monga zipatala, zipatala, ndi malo osungira okalamba. Anthu omwe akhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali, adachitidwa opaleshoni, kapena adalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yawo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mtundu uwu wa maantibayotiki. Popeza maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala, mabakiteriya kumeneko amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana nawo.
2.MRSA Yopezeka Pagulu (CA-MRSA): Uwu ndi mtundu womwe tiyenera kuda nkhawa nawo kwambiri. Siufalikira kuchokera kuchipatala, koma kuchokera kudera lathu lonse. Utha kufalikira m'malo odzaza anthu monga masukulu, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi (ma gym, malo osewerera masewera), malo ankhondo, ndi masukulu ogona. Ngakhale munthu wathanzi akhoza kutenga matendawa.
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a MRSA ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za matenda a MRSA zimadalira komwe akhudza thupi. Nthawi zina izi zingawoneke ngati matenda wamba, koma zimatha kukhala zoopsa mwachangu.
| Malo omwe matenda afalikira | Zizindikiro zomwe mungaone |
|---|---|
| Matenda a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa | Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Nthawi zina umayamba ngati thumba lofiira, lotupa, komanso lopweteka , ngati kuluma kwa kangaude . Pang'onopang'ono umakula ndipo umakhala ngati thumba lodzaza ndi mafinya. Khungu lozungulira limatha kufiira ndikumva kutentha likakhudza. |
| Matenda a m'mapapo (Chibayo) | Chifuwa chachikulu, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka pachifuwa, kutentha thupi kwambiri, komanso kutopa. |
| Kufalikira kwa matenda m'magazi (Bacteremia) | Uwu ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Pamene mabakiteriya akulowa m'magazi, zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kuzizira, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambe. |
| Matenda a mafupa ndi mafupa (Osteomyelitis) | Fupa kapena chiwalo chokhudzidwacho chidzamva kupweteka kwambiri, kutupa, ndi kufiira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusuntha malo okhudzidwawo. |
| Matenda a mtima (Endocarditis) | Matenda a bakiteriya mkati mwa mtima. Angayambitse malungo, kufooka, kupuma movutikira, komanso mawu osazolowereka a mtima (kudandaula). |
Kodi MRSA imafalikira bwanji?
MRSA ndi matenda opatsirana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Anthu ena ali ndi mabakiteriya a MRSA m'thupi lawo (monga m'mphuno zawo) koma sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Timawatcha "onyamula matenda a colonized." Ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe zizindikiro zilizonse, amathabe kufalitsa mabakiteriya kwa ena.
Nazi njira zazikulu zomwe MRSA imafalikira:
- Kukhudza mwachindunji: Mwa kukhudza bala kapena khungu la munthu amene ali ndi matenda.
- Kukhudza malo oipitsidwa: Mabakiteriya a MRSA amatha kukhala pamalo monga zogwirira zitseko, matebulo, ndi zofunda kwa milungu ingapo. Mutha kutenga kachilomboka ngati mutakhudza malo otere kenako n’kukhudza mphuno kapena pakamwa panu ndi dzanja lomwelo.
- Kugawana zinthu zaumwini: Kugawana zinthu monga matawulo, malezala, zovala, ndi zida zamasewera ndi munthu wodwala matendawa kungathe kufalitsa matendawa mosavuta. Tangoganizirani gulu la rugby likugawana matawulo, ndipo ngati munthu m'modzi ali nawo, pali mwayi waukulu kuti enawo atenga kachilomboka.
- Zipangizo zachipatala zodetsedwa: Matendawa amatha kuchitika kudzera mu zipangizo zosayeretsera bwino kapena zipangizo zoyikidwa m'zipatala (monga mzere wapakati wa mitsempha, chubu chopumira) m'zipatala.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga MRSA?
Ngakhale aliyense angatenge MRSA, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
| Gulu la zoopsa | Chifukwa |
|---|---|
| Anthu omwe akulandira chithandizo kuchipatala | Anthu omwe akhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali, omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni, komanso omwe ali ndi zida monga machubu omwe amaikidwa m'thupi lawo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. |
| Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka | Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, matenda a impso, kachilombo ka HIV, kapena khansa amatha kutenga kachilomboka mosavuta chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo chamthupi. |
| Anthu omwe amacheza m'magulu | Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu m'malo monga m'misasa ya asilikali, m'nyumba zogona, ndi m'ndende chifukwa anthu amakhala pafupi ndipo pali mwayi waukulu wogawana zinthu zawo. |
| Anthu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi | Mu masewera monga rugby ndi wrestling, chiopsezo cha matenda chimakhala chachikulu chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi khungu, mikwingwirima, komanso kugawana zida. |
| Anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo | Pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana kudzera m'magazi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kapena kugawana singano imodzi. |
Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji ndikuchiza matenda a MRSA?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka MRSA, dokotala adzatenga chitsanzo kuchokera pamalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikutumiza ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Ichi chingakhale chitsanzo cha mafinya ochokera pabala, chitsanzo cha magazi, chitsanzo cha mkodzo, kapena chitsanzo cha phlegm.
Laboratory idzakulitsa mabakiteriya omwe ali mu chitsanzochi ndikuchifufuza kuti adziwe "Chikhalidwe." Kenako, adzafufuza maantibayotiki omwe amagwira ntchito pa mabakiteriya amenewo ndi omwe sagwira ntchito (Mayeso Okhudza Kukhudzidwa ndi Maantibayotiki). Pambuyo poyesa kumeneku, padzatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi MRSA ndipo mankhwala oyenera kwambiri amasankhidwa.
Njira zochizira
Chithandizo cha MRSA chimadalira mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa.
- Pa matenda a pakhungu: Nthawi zambiri, ngati pali thumba lodzaza ndi mafinya, limadulidwa ndipo mafinya amachotsedwa (Kudula ndi Kutulutsa Madzi). Nthawi zina izi zokha zimatha kuletsa matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi opha tizilombo kapena mafuta odzola omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.
- Pa matenda oopsa: Ngati matendawa afalikira m'magazi, m'mapapo, kapena m'ziwalo zina zamkati, mungafunike kupita kuchipatala ndikupatsidwa maantibayotiki kudzera m'mitsempha (IV) . Awa ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri. Nthawi zina mitundu yoposa imodzi ya maantibayotiki ingafunike kuperekedwa nthawi imodzi.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, musasiye kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani pazifukwa zilizonse.Ngati musiya kumwa mankhwalawo chifukwa choti mukumva bwino pang'ono, mabakiteriya oipa kwambiri omwe atsala amatha kubwereranso ndikusamva mankhwalawo.
Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tipewe ku MRSA?
Ngakhale kuti MRSA ndi matenda oopsa, tingachite zambiri kuti tidziteteze ku matendawa mwa kukhala aukhondo.
- Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi: Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mwanu mutatuluka, musanadye, komanso mutapita kuchimbudzi. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa ngati madzi sakupezeka.
- Sungani mabala ophimbidwa: Nthawi zonse sungani mikwingwirima kapena mabala aliwonse m'thupi lanu oyera ndipo muwaphimbe ndi bandeji yoyera. Nthawi zonse muzisamba m'manja mukakhudza bala.
- Musagawane zinthu zanu: Musagawane zinthu monga matawulo, malezala, zovala, ndi sopo ndi ena. Samalani kwambiri ndi izi ku malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso m'nyumba zogona.
- Tsukani malo: Tsukani malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri, monga zogwirira zitseko, maswichi a magetsi, mafoni, ndi zida zamasewera, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kusamba mukatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kusamba mwamsanga mukatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku gym kapena kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kodi muyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala? Kodi muyenera kupita liti ku ETU?
Si zilonda zonse za pakhungu zomwe ndi MRSA, koma pali zizindikiro zina zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira kwambiri.
Ngati muli ndi chilonda kapena chithupsa chomwe sichichira, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, monga matenda a shuga, musanyalanyaze. Onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala wanu.
Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Malungo aakulu: Ngati malungo ali pamwamba pa 40°C (103°F).
- Chilondacho ndi chachikulu: Ngati chilondacho chikupangitsa kupweteka kwambiri, chili ndi fungo loipa, kapena chikutulutsa madzi obiriwira, achikasu, kapena abulauni.
- Kuvuta kupuma komanso kupweteka pachifuwa.
- Kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi: Ngati mukumva kukomoka, chizungulire, kapena kukomoka.
- Kusokonezeka: Ngati mukumva chizungulire.
Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro zakuti matendawa afalikira m'thupi lonse ndipo akupita patsogolo kukhala matenda oopsa kwambiri otchedwa sepsis . Chifukwa chake, si bwino kuchedwa panthawi ngati iyi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- MRSA ndi matenda oopsa a bakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki wamba. Komabe, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo choyenera .
- Njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku izi ndikukhala aukhondo . Khalani ndi chizolowezi chosamba m'manja ndi sopo nthawi zonse.
- Nthawi zonse sungani mabala ndi mikwingwirima m'thupi lanu kukhala oyera komanso ophimbidwa .
- Musagawane zinthu zanu monga matawulo ndi malezala ndi ena .
- Ngati muli ndi chotupa chofiira, chopweteka, chosachiritsa kapena kutupa pakhungu lanu, musachinyalanyaze ndipo pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
- Malizitsani kumwa mankhwala onse opha tizilombo omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Musayime pakati.
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