Kodi Multiple Myeloma ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda oopsa awa!

Kodi munamvapo za matenda otchedwa Multiple Myeloma? Mwina dzinalo likumveka lachilendo kwa inu, kapena mwina simunamvepo konse za matendawa. Ndi khansa yosowa koma yoopsa yomwe imakhudza magazi athu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa za matendawa, chifukwa kuzindikira msanga kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Kodi Multiple Myeloma ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone kuti multiple myeloma iyi ndi chiyani. Mwachidule, ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mu mtundu wa selo lotchedwa plasma cells m'magazi mwathu.

Tsopano mwina mukudzifunsa kuti, "Kodi maselo a plasma awa ndi chiyani?" Awa ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera m'thupi lathu. Kuti tifotokoze bwino, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chathu chamthupi, dongosolo lomwe limatiteteza ku matenda. Nthawi zina amatchedwanso maselo a B. Maselo a plasma awa ndi omwe amapanga ma antibodies , kapena ma immunoglobulins . Ma antibodies awa ndi omwe amalimbana ndi majeremusi, mabakiteriya, ndi mavairasi omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu ndikutiteteza ku matenda. Ali ngati alonda ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu.

Choncho, pamene myeloma yambiri ikukula, maselo a plasma abwino komanso athanzi awa amasintha pazifukwa zina ndipo amakhala maselo a khansa osazolowereka . Kenako maselo osazolowerekawa amayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mwachangu, popanda kulamulira. Maselo osazolowereka a plasma omwe amakula mwanjira imeneyi amapanganso ma antibodies osazolowereka komanso opanda ntchito. Timatcha mapuloteni a M awa.

Maselo osazolowereka amenewa amachulukana ndikupanga mapuloteni a M, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto. Amatha kuwononga mafupa anu ndikukhudza ntchito ya impso zanu. Amathanso kusokoneza mphamvu ya mafuta a m'mafupa yopanga maselo oyera athanzi, maselo ofiira amagazi, ndi ma platelet, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magazi aziundana.

Kodi iyi ndi matenda osachiritsika?

Ndipotu, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a Multiple Myeloma. Imeneyo ndi mfundo yomvetsa chisoni. Koma musadandaule , madokotala amatha kuchiza zotsatirapo zake ndi zizindikiro za matendawa. Angathenso kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Anthu ambiri amatha kuchira popanda zizindikiro zilizonse atatha kulandira chithandizo. Timatcha nthawi imeneyi kuti kuchira . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mutatha kulandira chithandizo, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino popanda zizindikiro za multiple myeloma. Kwa anthu ena, kuchira kumeneku kumatenga nthawi yayitali.

Kodi matenda a Multiple Myeloma ndi ofala bwanji?

Imeneyi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri.Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti anthu pafupifupi 7 mwa anthu 100,000 amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. M'dziko ngati America, akuti anthu pafupifupi 100,000 amadwala matendawa. Ngakhale kuti palibe deta yeniyeni ya kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa m'dziko lathu, matendawa amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda osowa kwambiri.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa?

Matenda a multiple myeloma amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi . Zapezekanso kuti amakhudza mitundu ina ya anthu kuposa mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo, anthu akuda ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza matendawa kuposa azungu.

Ponena za zaka, nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 70. Avereji ya zaka zomwe munthu amadwala matendawa ndi pakati pa 65 ndi 74. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri amayamba munthu akakula pang'ono.

Kodi Multiple Myeloma imakhudza bwanji thupi?

Anthu ena sangakhale ndi zizindikiro poyamba, koma zinthu monga kuyezetsa magazi zingasonyeze zizindikiro zoti akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a myeloma ambiri mtsogolo.

Mwachitsanzo, kuyezetsa magazi m'mafupa kapena biopsy kungasonyeze maselo a plasma osazolowereka komanso kusintha kwa majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi vuto la khansa lotchedwa smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) lomwe limayambitsa matenda a multiple myeloma. Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kungathenso kuzindikira mapuloteni a M omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a plasma osazolowereka. Vutoli limatchedwa monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) . Madokotala adzakuyang'anirani mosamala kuti mudziwe izi.

Zizindikiro za matenda a multiple myeloma zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Zingafanane ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena. Nazi matenda akuluakulu omwe angayambitsidwe ndi matendawa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Kusowa kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa maselo osadziwika bwino a m'magazi amadzaza mafuta a m'mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asapange maselo ofiira athanzi.
• Matenda a bakiteriya, makamaka chibayo: Kuphatikiza pa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo osazolowereka a m'magazi amawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo oyera athanzi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda atuluke. Izi zingathandize kuti matenda atuluke mosavuta.
• Thrombocytopenia: Kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi anu. Ma platelet ndi maselo omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana. Maselo a plasma osazolowereka amathanso kusokoneza kupanga ma platelet awa.
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa/kusweka kwa mafupa:Maselo a plasma osazolowereka amawononga minofu ya mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa mafupa kukhala ofooka, opweteka, komanso osweka mosavuta. Izi zimatchedwanso osteolytic lesions .
• Mavuto/kulephera kwa impso: Impso zathu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusefa zinyalala ndi poizoni m'thupi lathu. Mapuloteni a M amatha kusokoneza njira yosefera impso ndikuziwononga.
• Amyloidosis: Izi zimachitika pamene mapuloteni osazolowereka (mapuloteni a amyloid) amaikidwa m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.
• Hypercalcemia: Kalisiamu wochuluka wochokera ku mafupa owonongeka komanso ofooka umasonkhana m'magazi.
• Matenda a hyperviscosity: Mapuloteni a M amachititsa kuti magazi azikhuthala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti upompe magazi.
• Cryoglobulinemia: Matenda a myeloma ambiri nthawi zina angayambitse mapuloteni m'magazi kusonkhana pamodzi mu kuzizira.

Kodi zizindikiro za Multiple Myeloma ndi ziti?

Matenda a myeloma ambiri angayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Koma anthu ambiri amayamba kumva kupweteka kwa mafupa , makamaka msana ndi nthiti. Nazi zizindikiro zina:

• Kufooka ndi dzanzi m'miyendo. Ngati mafupa a msana awonongeka, amatha kugwa ndikukankhira chingwe cha msana.
• Kutopa - Izi zikutanthauza kumva kutopa kwambiri moti sungathe kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, kumva kufooka. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza . Ichi chingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda otchedwa hypercalcemia.
• Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya ndi/kapena kumva ludzu kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Izi zitha kukhalanso zizindikiro za hypercalcemia.
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino .
• Malungo osamveka bwino . Ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda a bakiteriya.
• Kutupa kapena kutuluka magazi mosavuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi silingathe kupanga ma platelet okwanira chifukwa cha maselo a plasma osazolowereka.
• Kutaya kukumbukira , kulephera kuganizira bwino, kumva "chifunga".

Kumbukirani, kukhala ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikirozi sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda a myeloma ambiri. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala ndikupita kuchipatala.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti za Multiple Myeloma?

Madokotala ndi ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a multiple myeloma, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe akukayikira ndipo akufufuza:

• Kusintha kwa majini: Kafukufuku akuchitika kuti awone ngati pali mgwirizano pakati pa kusintha kwa majini ena ( oncogenes ) komwe kumayang'anira kukula kwa maselo athu ndi multiple myeloma. Zapezekanso kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi magawo ena a ma chromosome omwe akusowa.
• Zinthu Zachilengedwe: Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kukhudzana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, feteleza, ndi mankhwala monga Agent Orange kungakhudzenso.
• Kukhala ndi matenda otupa: Mwachitsanzo, matenda otupa kwa nthawi yayitali monga matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, ndi nyamakazi.
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Izi zikutanthauza kukhala ndi mafuta ambiri m'thupi.

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zikukayikiridwa pakadali pano. Koma palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi chomwe chayambitsa.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Dokotala amatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe matenda a myeloma yambiri.

Choyamba, mudzayesedwa thupi lanu . Zizindikiro zanu zidzafufuzidwa mosamala. Mudzafunsidwanso za mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu. Kenako, mayeso angapo angachitike kuti atsimikizire matendawa. Chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka kuchokera pa zonsezi chidzatsimikizira gawo la khansa, monga kukula kwa chotupacho ndi momwe chafalikira.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa pa izi?

Madokotala amachita mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a myeloma ambiri, ndipo ngati alipo, kaya ali kumayambiriro kapena afalikira pang'ono. Nazi zina mwa izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Onse (CBC): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera a m'magazi, ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi.
• Kuyesa kwa magazi: Izi ziwunika kuchuluka kwa creatinine (komwe kumayesa momwe impso zanu zikugwira ntchito), kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a albumin, kuchuluka kwa calcium, ndi kuchuluka kwa lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha chotupa.
• Kuyesa kwa immunoglobulin yochuluka: Kuyesa kwa magazi kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma antibodies m'magazi anu.
• Electrophoresis: Kuyesaku kumayesa kupezeka kwa mapuloteni a M m'magazi.
• Kuyesa mkodzo: Chitsanzo cha mkodzo chomwe chinatengedwa kwa maola 24 chimayesedwa,Mukhoza kuyang'ana puloteni ina yotchedwa Bence Jones protein, yomwe ndi chizindikiro china cha multiple myeloma.
• X-ray: X-ray imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuona ngati multiple myeloma yawononga mafupa.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography - Kujambula kwa CT): Iyi ndi njira ina yofufuzira kuwonongeka kwa mafupa.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti apange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za mafupa ndi msana wanu. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zinthu monga plasmacytomas , zomwe ndi zotupa zomwe zimapangidwa m'magulu a maselo osazolowereka a plasma.
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography - Kujambula kwa PET): Iyi ndi mtundu wina wa kujambulidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ma plasmacytomas.
• Kufufuza za mafupa: Madokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha mafupa pang'ono n'kuwasanthula kuti awone kuchuluka kwa maselo abwinobwino komanso osazolowereka a m'magazi. Angathenso kuyang'ana kusintha kwa DNA komwe kungayambitse khansa.

Kodi magawo a Multiple Myeloma amadziwikira bwanji?

Madokotala amazindikira gawo la matenda a myeloma yambiri ndi khansa zina podziwa kuchuluka kwa khansayo komanso momwe yafalikira. Gawoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chithandizo. Njira yodziwira gawo la matenda a myeloma yambiri imayamba mwa kugawa matendawa m'magulu anayi:

1. MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance): Mayeso a magazi amasonyeza kuchuluka kochepa kwa mapuloteni a M. Pafupifupi 1% - 2% ya anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS akhoza kukhala ndi multiple myeloma.

2. Ma plasmacytomas okha kapena odzipatula: Awa ndi magulu a maselo a plasma osazolowereka omwe amapangika paokha, pamalo amodzi.

3. SMM (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma): Iyi ndi matenda omwe amayamba munthu asanabadwe ndi khansa omwe amayamba munthu asanabadwe ndi Multiple Myeloma. Anthu omwe ali ndi SMM akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa, ndipo amawonetsa mapuloteni ochepa a M m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo a m'magazi m'mafupa.

4. Multiple Myeloma: Kugawa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti mayeso amasonyeza magulu angapo a maselo osazolowereka a m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a M m'magazi kapena mkodzo, komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo osazolowereka a m'magazi m'mafupa. Anthuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, hypercalcemia, kulephera kwa impso, komanso zilonda za mafupa.

Kenako, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito Revised International Staging System (R-ISS).Gawo la multiple myeloma limadziwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa R-ISS system. Dongosololi limadalira kuchuluka kwa albumin, beta-2 microglobulin, ndi lactate dehydrogenase m'magazi. Limaganiziranso mayeso a zolakwika zinazake za majini.

Kodi mankhwala a Multiple Myeloma ndi ati?

Madokotala amachiritsa matenda a myeloma ambiri kutengera zizindikiro zanu komanso kukula kwa matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Koma dokotala wawo amawayang'anira thanzi lawo nthawi zonse. Angathenso kupanga dongosolo la chithandizo kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu ngati zizindikirozo zayamba.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za multiple myeloma, madokotala angagwiritse ntchito njira izi:

• Mankhwala opweteka: Anthu ambiri amafunikira mankhwalawa chifukwa amamva kupweteka kwambiri kwa mafupa.
• Mankhwala Opha Majeremusi: Chitetezo cha mthupi chikafooka, matenda amakula kwambiri. Dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala opha majeremusi kuti achire matenda amenewa.
• Ma Steroid: Ma Steroid, akaperekedwa mochuluka, amatha kupha maselo a khansa ndikuchepetsa kutupa.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo osadziwika bwino a m'magazi.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Chithandizochi chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kupanga maselo ambiri olimbana ndi khansa.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Chithandizochi chimawononga maselo a khansa ndikuchepetsa zotupa zamafupa.
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira: Maselo oyambira ndi mtundu wa selo lapadera lomwe limapezeka mu fupa lathu kapena m'magazi. Angathandize kupanga maselo atsopano a plasma komanso athanzi. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kusamutsa maselo oyambira oyambira okha . Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira athanzi kuchokera m'thupi lanu kuti alowe m'malo mwa maselo oyambira owonongeka kapena osadwala. Kawirikawiri, maselo oyambira athanzi angapezeke kwa wopereka wina. Izi zimatchedwa kusamutsa maselo oyambira oyambira a allogenic .

Kodi mungakhale ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji ndi Multiple Myeloma?

Anthu ena amakhala ndi matenda a myeloma kwa zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa zambiri, kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo msanga ndikofunikira kwambiri.Izi ndi zomwe zimathandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi 78% ya anthu omwe ali ndi plasmacytoma imodzi amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu omwe ali ndi myeloma yambiri chimasiyana ndi 40% mpaka 82%. Ziwerengerozi zimachokera ku R-ISS staging system yomwe yatchulidwa kale.

Koma kumbukirani, ziwerengerozi ndi avareji. Siziganizira zaka zanu kapena thanzi lanu lonse, zomwe ndi zaumwini. Ngati muli ndi matenda a myeloma ambiri, dokotala wanu angakupatseni chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri chokhudza matenda anu.

Kodi izi zingalepheretsedwe kuchitika?

Ayi, pakadali pano palibe njira yopewera matenda a myeloma yambiri. Ofufuza akuyesera kupeza njira zoletsera gawo loyambirira la khansa lotchedwa SMM (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma) kuti lisayambe kukhala ndi matenda a myeloma yambiri.

Kodi mumadzisamalira bwanji?

Matenda a myeloma ambiri amakhudza aliyense mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS kapena SMM sangafunike chithandizo mwachangu. Koma ayenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi zonse kuti akakuyezeni. Ngati mukuchira matenda a myeloma ambiri, dokotala wanu adzakonza nthawi yoti mukayezedwe ndi kuyezetsa kutengera vuto lanu.

Ngati mukukhala ndi Multiple Myeloma, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi tsiku lililonse. Matenda a myeloma ambiri angayambitse kulephera kudya. Choncho yesani kudya pang'ono kanayi kapena kasanu patsiku.
• Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, yesani kusiya.
• Patsani thupi lanu mpumulo womwe limafuna ndipo gonani bwino.
• Dzitetezeni ku matenda. Funsani dokotala wanu za njira zopewera matenda.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma funsani dokotala kaye. Iye adzakuuzani mtundu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi oyenera kwa inu.
• Samalaninso thanzi lanu la maganizo. Ndizachibadwa kumva chisoni, nkhawa, komanso kupsinjika maganizo mukakumana ndi vuto ngati ili. Koma ngati chisoni kapena nkhawa imeneyi imatenga milungu yoposa iwiri, kapena ikusokoneza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.
• Ngati mukuchira , mungasangalale kuti chithandizo chatha. Koma mungadandaulenso kuti khansa ibwereranso. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lanu komanso zomwe mungayembekezere mtsogolo.

Matenda a multiple myeloma ndi khansa ya m'magazi yosowa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti sichitha kuchiritsidwa, madokotala amatha kuchiza matenda, zizindikiro, komanso kuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa. Anthu ena amakhala ndi matendawa kwa zaka zambiri. Ena amakhala bwino. Komabe, kukhala ndi khansa yomwe siitha ndipo ingabwererenso sikophweka. Zimatanthauza kukhala ndi chithandizo ndi mayeso tsiku lililonse la moyo wanu. Madokotala amamvetsetsa mavuto awa. Ngati mukufuna thandizo kuti muphunzire kukhala ndi matenda a multiple myeloma, funsani dokotala wanu. Angakuuzeni za mautumiki ndi mapulogalamu othandiza.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tikufuna kupita nacho kunyumba

Chabwino, kotero, zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana ndi izi:

• Multiple Myeloma ndi khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri m'maselo a plasma .
• Ngakhale kuti sichingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, chithandizo chingachepetse zizindikiro, kukulitsa nthawi ya moyo, komanso kukweza moyo wabwino .
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka kwa mafupa, kutopa kwambiri, kapena matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi , pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Matenda akapezeka msanga, chithandizocho chimachitika bwino kwambiri.
• Mukakhala ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudzisamalira bwino, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, komanso kukhala olimba m'maganizo .

Musadandaule, simuli nokha. Sayansi ya zamankhwala ikupita patsogolo, ndipo mankhwala atsopano akubwera nthawi zonse. Dokotala wanu ndi gulu lazachipatala nthawi zonse amakhala okonzeka kukuthandizani.

` multiple myeloma, maselo a plasma, khansa ya m'magazi, mafuta am'mafupa, mapuloteni a M, zizindikiro za khansa, chithandizo cha khansa