Kodi nsidze zanu nazonso zikugwa? Kodi mukumva ngati mulibe moyo? Kodi ndi myasthenia gravis?

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati muli bwino mukadzuka m'mawa, koma tsiku likamapita, thupi lanu limayamba kutaya mphamvu? Makamaka pamene maso anu akumva olemera komanso ofooka, mawu anu amamveka osamveka bwino mukamalankhula, kapena mumavutika ngakhale kukweza mkono kapena mwendo? Ngati izi mukudziwa bwino, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe za matenda omwe tikukamba lero, otchedwa Myasthenia Gravis , kapena mwachidule MG.

Mwachidule, kodi Myasthenia Gravis ndi chiyani?

Uwu ndi matenda odziteteza okha omwe amatha kukhala moyo wonse. Mwachidule, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, chomwe ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimayamba molakwika kuukira ziwalo zathanzi za thupi lathu. Mu MG, kuukira kumeneku kumalimbana ndi kulumikizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu yathu.

Tangoganizirani, ubongo wathu umauza minofu kuti, "Chabwino, tsopano ukuchepa." Uthengawu uyenera kuyenda m'mitsempha ndikufika ku minofu. Koma mwa munthu amene ali ndi MG, "ma receptor" omwe uthengawu umatumizidwa amasokonezedwa ndi chitetezo chawo cha mthupi. Zili ngati kutaya chizindikiro mukayesa kuyimba foni.

Zotsatira zake, zizindikiro zomwe zimatumizidwa ku minofu zimakhala zofooka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo minofuyo imataya mphamvu pang'onopang'ono. Koma ikapuma kwakanthawi kochepa, imabwerera mwakale. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha MG. Ngakhale kuti vutoli limatha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, limapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi osakwana zaka 40 ndi amuna opitirira zaka 60.

N’chifukwa chiyani thupi lathu limadzichitira lokha zimenezi? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?

Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira kulumikizana kwa mitsempha yathu mwanjira imeneyi. Koma chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti thupi limapanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi ma receptors omwe amalandira acetylcholine ya neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine iyi ndi "mthenga" yemwe amanyamula uthenga womwe umauza minofu kuti igwire ntchito. Chifukwa chake malo ogwirira ntchito a mthenga uyu akatsekedwa, minofu sigwira ntchito bwino.

Anthu ena amapanganso ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mapuloteni ena. Ngakhale kuti akuganiziridwa kuti izi zitha kukhala ndi mphamvu ya majini, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MG alibe wina aliyense m'banja mwawo amene ali ndi matendawa.

Komanso, thymus gland , chiwalo chomwe chili pachifuwa chapamwamba, chapezeka kuti chikugwira ntchito. Gland iyi imakula mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi MG. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti nthawi zina gland iyi imasokoneza thupi ndipo imapangitsa kuti lipange ma antibodies osafunikira.

Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zingawonekere ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za MG zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Anthu ena amatha kuyamba zizindikiro mwadzidzidzi. Ena amatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone madera akuluakulu omwe akhudzidwa ndi zizindikirozo.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti iyi ndi matenda?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, choyamba muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wa banja lanu. Ngati akukayikira izi, adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa mitsempha. Iye adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyesani thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mayeso angapo omwe angachite kuti atsimikizire matendawa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Yang'anani magazi anu kuti muwone ngati muli ndi ma antibodies oopsa (acetylcholine receptor antibodies) omwe tidakambirana kale.
• Mayeso a Edrophonium: Mayesowa amafufuza ngati mankhwala akuwonjezera mphamvu ya minofu yanu kwakanthawi. Ngati mphamvu yawonjezeka mwadzidzidzi, ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha MG.
• Mayeso a kulimbitsa mitsempha: Singano yaying'ono imayikidwa mu minofu ndipo liwiro la zizindikiro za mitsempha limayesedwa. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona momwe minofu imafooka mofulumira ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza (electromyography).
• Kuyesa kwa ayezi: Phukusi la ayezi limayikidwa pa chikope chopindika kwa mphindi zochepa kuti muwone ngati chikopecho chikukwera. Izi zingapereke chithunzi cha vutoli chifukwa chimfine chimathandizira kulumikizana kwa mitsempha kwakanthawi.
• Kujambula: Matenda akatsimikizika, CT scan kapena MRI scan ingachitike kuti muwone ngati pali vuto lililonse ndi thymus gland yanu, monga chotupa (thymoma).

Kodi mankhwala omwe alipo ndi ati?

MG ndi matenda omwe sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, koma amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino kwambiri. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo choyenera kwambiri kwa inu kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu, zaka zanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

1. Mankhwala olimbitsa minofu: Chithandizo choyamba ndi mankhwala monga pyridostigmine. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito powonjezera kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine pamalo olumikizirana mitsempha ndi minofu. Mankhwalawa amapereka mphamvu mkati mwa mphindi 15-30 mutamwa, ndipo amatenga maola pafupifupi 3-4.

2. Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Anthu ambiri amafunikira mankhwala awa chifukwa matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi chathu. Choyamba, ma steroid monga prednisone amaperekedwa, kenako mankhwala ena monga azathioprine amasinthidwa. Izi zingatenge miyezi ingapo kuti ziwonetse zotsatira zake.

3. Kuchotsa thymus gland: Kaya pali chotupa mu thymus gland kapena ayi, kuchotsa thymus gland opaleshoni kumachepetsa kwambiri zizindikiro mwa odwala ena.

4. Chithandizo cha IV:Chithandizochi chimaperekedwa pamene zizindikiro zake zili zoopsa kwambiri, kapena pazochitika monga matenda a myasthenia.

• Plasmapheresis: Makina apadera amachotsa ma antibodies oopsa m'magazi anu ndikubwezera plasma yathanzi m'thupi lanu.
• Chithandizo cha IVIG: Mwa kupereka ma antibodies (immunoglobulin) omwe atengedwa kuchokera kwa opereka athanzi kupita ku thupi, amasintha kwakanthawi ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi.
• Ma antibodies a monoclonal: Awa ndi ma antibodies apadera opangidwa mu labotale omwe amalimbana ndi ziwalo zinazake za chitetezo chamthupi zomwe sizikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi muyenera kudzisamalira bwanji?

Pamodzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, mutha kupeza mpumulo waukulu kuchokera ku kusintha pang'ono kwa moyo wanu.

• Khalani ndi zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zazing'ono zingapo tsiku lonse m'malo modya chakudya chimodzi chachikulu. Idyani chakudya chanu chachikulu mukakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kumwa mankhwala olimbitsa minofu musanadye.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma dziwani malire anu: Ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakupatseni mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali, pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ati omwe ali oyenera kwa inu.
• Pumulani mukatopa: Pitirizani ndi zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma mukangoyamba kutopa, pumulani. Mvetserani thupi lanu.
• Dziwani chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa: Anthu ena amatha kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro za MG akamadwala, akamavutika maganizo, akazi akamasamba, komanso chifukwa cha mankhwala enaake. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.