Kodi mwadzidzidzi mwamva chotupa pakhosi panu? Mwina simunachilabadire kwambiri chifukwa sichinali chopweteka. Kapena nthawi zonse mumamva ngati mphuno yanu yatsekedwa ndipo makutu anu adzaza? Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za chimfine chofala. Komabe, ngati zinthuzi zikupitirira, zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa yamtundu winawake yomwe tikambirane lero, yomwe imayamba m'mutu ndi pakhosi. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta.
Kodi Khansa ya Nasopharyngeal ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, iyi ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'mutu ndi m'khosi mwathu. Ngakhale kuti dzina lake ndi lovuta pang'ono, lidzakhala losavuta kulimvetsa mukadziwa komwe limapezeka.
Khansa iyi imayamba m'thupi lathu lotchedwa `nasopharynx`. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti `nasopharynx` ndi chiyani. Tangoganizirani, kumbuyo kwa mphuno yathu, kuti ndinene zoona, pamwamba pang'ono padenga la pakamwa, pali malo ang'onoang'ono pansi pa chigaza. Kumene mphuno ndi pakhosi zimalumikizana. Ndicho chimene timatcha `nasopharynx`. Tikamapuma kudzera m'mphuno mwathu, mpweya umadutsa m'derali usanalowe m'mapapo.
Kotero, `Khansa ya M'mphuno` iyi ndi pamene maselo omwe ali mu gawo la `nasopharynx` amayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mopanda kulamulirika. Maselo omwe amakula mwanjira imeneyi amasonkhana ndikupanga zotupa za khansa. Maselo a khansa awa amatha kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi mwathu, chiwindi, mapapo, komanso mafupa.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa iyi ndi iti?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu mu `nasopharynx` yathu. Minofu imeneyi imapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo. Chifukwa chake khansa iyi imagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa maselo omwe khansayo imapangidwira. Malinga ndi World Health Organization (WHO), pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya khansa iyi.
| Mtundu wa khansa (gulu la WHO) | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (WHO mtundu 1) | Mu izi, maselo a khansa amakula m'maselo omwe ali pamphuno. Maselo amenewa ali ndi puloteni yotchedwa keratin. Keratin ndi puloteni yomweyi yomwe imapezeka mu tsitsi ndi misomali yathu. |
| Khansa ya squamous cell carcinoma (WHO type 2) | Maselo a khansa amtunduwu alibe puloteni ya keratin. |
| Khansa yosasiyanitsidwa kapena yosiyana pang'ono (WHO type 3) | Mitundu iyi ya maselo a khansa ikayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu, imaoneka yosiyana kwambiri ndi maselo athanzi. Mitundu iyi ya maselo a khansa imatha kukula ndikufalikira mwachangu kwambiri. |
Kodi khansa iyi ndi yofala?
M'maiko ngati America, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Komabe, vutoli limapezeka kawirikawiri m'maiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia monga Sri Lanka, North Africa ndi Middle East. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tidziwe izi. Kawirikawiri, khansa iyi imatha kuchitika kawirikawiri mwa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 15-24 komanso kwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 65-79.
Kodi zizindikiro za khansa iyi ndi ziti?
Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro choyamba chomwe munthu amene ali ndi khansa iyi akuwona ndi chotupa kumbuyo kapena mbali ya khosi. Pakhoza kukhala chotupa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti nthawi zambiri sichimapweteka. Zotupa izi zimapangidwa khansa ikafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitupa.
Kupatula apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira.
- Mavuto a m'makutu: Kulira m'makutu ('Tinnitus'), kutayika kwa kumva, kumva kulemera m'makutu, ndi matenda a m'makutu omwe nthawi zambiri sachira ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo.
- Mutu: Mutu wopweteka nthawi zonse.
- Mavuto a m'mphuno: Kutsekeka kwa mphuno nthawi zonse komanso kutuluka magazi m'mphuno.
- Mavuto a pakamwa ndi pankhope: Kuvutika kutsegula pakamwa, kupweteka kapena kumva kuwawa pankhope.
- Kuvuta kupuma ndi kulankhula: Nthawi zina mungakhale ndi vuto kupuma kapena kulankhula.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi za matenda ena ang'onoang'ono (monga chimfine, matenda a m'khutu). Choncho musaope kuti muli ndi khansa chifukwa chakuti muli ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa izi. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira kwa milungu yoposa iwiri, kapena ngati zikubwera n'kutha, ndibwino kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu adwale khansa imeneyi?
Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kunena chomwe chimayambitsa khansa iyi,Madokotala apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa iyi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Choopsa | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Kusuta ndi mowa | Anthu omwe amasuta kwambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya komanso omwe amamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso nthawi zonse ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. |
| Kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (EBV) | Kachilombo kameneka ndi komwe kamayambitsa matendawa otchedwa `mononucleosis`. Kachilombo kameneka kamapezeka kwambiri m'matupi a odwala `Khansa ya M'mphuno`. |
| Zakudya | Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mchere nthawi zonse kumawonjezera chiopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amadya nyama ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mchere nthawi zonse (monga nsomba zouma ndi oyster) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. |
| Zinthu zachilengedwe | Kukumana ndi zinthu monga fumbi la nkhuni ndi utsi nthawi zambiri kungapangitsenso kuti munthu adwale matendawa. |
| Mbiri ya banja ndi majini | Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wadwala khansa iyi, inunso muli ndi mwayi woti nayonso ikule. |
| Mtundu ndi jenda | Anthu okhala m'madera monga Southeast Asia, kum'mwera kwa China, ndi kumpoto kwa Africa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Komanso, amuna ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa iyi katatu kuposa akazi. |
Kodi khansa imeneyi imapezeka bwanji?
Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri ya banja lanu. Kenako adzakuyesani thupi lonse. Adzakuyesani mphuno yanu, mutu, khosi, pakamwa, pakhosi, mphuno, minofu ya nkhope, ndi ma lymph nodes. Angayesenso kumva kwanu.
Kuphatikiza apo, chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zitha kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire matendawa:
- Kuyezetsa kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr: Chifukwa khansa iyi imagwirizana ndi kachilombo ka EBV, kuyezetsa magazi kudzachitika kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa EBV m'magazi mwanu.
- Biopsy: Iyi ndiye njira yayikulu yotsimikizira matendawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kuchokera kudera lokayikitsa la nasopharynx ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali maselo aliwonse a khansa.
- Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan): Izi zimatha kudziwa kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati chafalikira ku minofu yozungulira.
- Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan): Izi zingapereke zithunzi zomveka bwino za minofu yofewa ya mutu ndi khosi.
- Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography scan): Kuyesa kumeneku n'kofunika kuti muwone ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera ena akutali m'thupi.
Dokotala amasankha siteji ya khansa kutengera zotsatira za mayesowa.
Kodi magawo a khansa ndi ati?
Gawo la khansa limadalira kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, komanso momwe maselo a khansa afalikira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera chithandizo.
- Gawo 0: Khansa imangokhala pa maselo omwe ali mkati mwa nasopharynx.
- Gawo 1: Khansa yafalikira kumadera oyandikana nawo, monga kumbuyo kwa pakhosi kapena m'mphuno.
- Gawo lachiwiri: Khansa yafalikira ku malo amodzi kapena angapo a lymph mbali imodzi ya khosi.
- Gawo lachitatu: Khansa yafalikira mpaka ku ma lymph nodes mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi.
- Gawo 4: Khansa yafalikira mpaka ku chigaza, maso, mitsempha yopita ku ubongo, malovu, kapena pansi pa mmero. Kapena yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali monga mapapo kapena chiwindi.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Chithandizo chomwe mudzalandire chidzadalira zinthu monga momwe khansa yafalikira komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
- Chithandizo cha radiation: Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kuwononga maselo a khansa. Iyi ndiyo njira yayikulu yochizira khansa yamtunduwu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
- Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:Kupereka mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa angaperekedwe mwa jakisoni kapena ngati mapiritsi.
- Chemoradiation: Kupereka chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy pamodzi.
- Chithandizo cholunjika: Kupereka mankhwala omwe amakhudza mamolekyu enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula ndi kufalikira.
- Opaleshoni: Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri si njira yaikulu yochizira chifukwa nasopharynx ndi malo ovuta kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Komabe, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti ichotse ma lymph nodes m'khosi omwe sanalandire chithandizo china.
Mankhwala amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Mwachitsanzo, chithandizo cha radiation chingayambitse pakamwa pouma komanso kutayika kwa kukoma. Mutha kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikupempha thandizo pothana nazo.
Kodi khansa iyi ingachiritsidwe? Kodi anthu angapulumuke bwanji?
Yankho la funsoli ndi lakuti, inde, lingathe. Makamaka ngati lapezeka msanga, ndiko kuti, khansa isanafalikire mbali zina za thupi, limatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu.
Tikamalankhula za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti izi ndi ziwerengero chabe. Siziyenera kuonedwa mopepuka. Mkhalidwe wanu ungasiyane malinga ndi zinthu zambiri.
- Ngati khansayo sinafalikire (kwanuko): Anthu pafupifupi 82 mwa 100 omwe khansa yawo imapezeka m'mphuno mwawo adzapulumuka zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa.
- Ngati yafalikira kumadera apafupi (m'madera): Anthu pafupifupi 72 mwa 100 omwe khansa yawo yafalikira kumadera apafupi, monga ma lymph nodes m'khosi, adzakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu.
- Ngati yafalikira patali (Metastatic): Mwa anthu omwe khansa yawo yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali monga mapapo kapena chiwindi, pafupifupi 49 mwa 100 akadali ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu.
Chofunika ndichakuti ziwerengerozi ndi avareji chabe kutengera zomwe odwala ena akumana nazo. Mkhalidwe wanu ungasiyane malinga ndi zinthu zambiri, monga msinkhu wanu, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso momwe mumayankhira chithandizo. Choncho lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza vuto lanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Khansa ya m'mphuno ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri yomwe imayamba kumbuyo kwa mphuno ndi kumtunda kwa mmero.
- Samalani ndi zizindikiro monga ziphuphu zopanda ululu pakhosi, mavuto osatha a makutu, kutsekeka kwa mphuno, kapena kutuluka magazi m'mphuno.
- Khansa imeneyi imapezeka kwambiri m'maiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia monga Sri Lanka.
- Kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, komanso kudya zakudya zamchere komanso zosungidwa nthawi zambiri (ma phwetekere ouma, nkhaka) kumawonjezera chiopsezo.
- Khansa iyi imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ngati yapezeka msanga.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, musazengereze ndipo funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu