Kodi nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi maganizo ndi malingaliro omwewo? Tiyeni tikambirane za OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)!

Kodi nthawi zina mumakhala ndi maganizo omwewo mobwerezabwereza? Kapena mumayang'ana nthawi zonse ngati mwachitapo kanthu kapena ayi? Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga kuzimitsa chitofu cha gasi kapena kutseka chitseko. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe tonsefe tili nazo pamlingo winawake. Koma kwa anthu ena, malingaliro awa ndi zochita zomwe amachita poyankha zimakhudza miyoyo yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kufika poti sangathe kugwira ntchito. Pamenepo ndi pomwe tiyenera kuganizira mozama za vutoli. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)` kapena `(OCD)` mu sayansi ya zamankhwala.

Kodi OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, matenda a Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi maganizo olowerera (otchedwa obsessions) omwe amalowerera komanso obwerezabwereza (otchedwa compulsions) kuti achepetse nkhawa ndi nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi malingaliro amenewo. Makhalidwe obwerezabwereza amenewa amatha kusokoneza ubale wanu ndi anthu komanso magwiridwe antchito anu a tsiku ndi tsiku.

OCD nthawi zambiri ndi vuto la moyo wonse (vuto losatha), koma zizindikiro zimatha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa pakapita nthawi.

Tonsefe timakumana ndi 'kutengeka' ndi 'kukakamizidwa' pang'ono nthawi ina m'miyoyo yathu. Mwachitsanzo, ndi zachilendo kubwerezabwereza kuti chitofu chazimitsidwa, kapena kutsimikizira kuti chitseko chatsekedwa. Ndipo nthawi zambiri timanena zinthu monga, "Ndikutengeka kwambiri." Koma '(OCD)' ndi zambiri kuposa pamenepo. Zingawononge maola ambiri a tsiku la munthu. Zochita zonse za moyo wamba zimasokonekera. 'Kutengeka' kumeneku ndi malingaliro osafunikira omwe munthu yemwe ali ndi '(OCD)' ali nawo omwe sangathe kuwalamulira. Ndipo sasangalala ndi kuchita 'kukakamizidwa' kumeneku.

Kodi OCD ndi OCPD ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana?

Anthu ambiri amasokoneza mayina awiriwa chifukwa amamveka ofanana kwambiri. Komabe, `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD)` ndi `(Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - OCPD)` ndi matenda awiri osiyana kwambiri.

Matenda okakamiza kwambiri (OCPD) ndi vuto la umunthu lomwe limadziwika ndi kusafuna kuchita zinthu mwangwiro, chikhumbo chochita chilichonse mwadongosolo, motsatira malamulo, komanso kuyesa kulamulira chilichonse.

Anthu omwe ali ndi OCD nthawi zambiri amadziwa kuti maganizo ndi zochita zawo sizachilendo ndipo ali ndi vuto. Amavomerezanso kuti amafunika chithandizo. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi OCPD nthawi zambiri samaganiza kuti pali vuto lililonse ndi khalidwe kapena zikhulupiriro zawo.

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto la OCD limeneli?

Aliyense akhoza kudwala OCD. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba ali ndi zaka 19. Pafupifupi 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi OCD amakhala ndi zizindikiro ali ana kapena achinyamata.

Ndi zachilendo kwambiri kuti munthu adwale OCD akakwanitsa zaka 40.

Kodi OCD ndi yofala bwanji?

Matenda Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ndi matenda ofala kwambiri. Akuti amakhudza pakati pa 1.6% ndi 2.3% ya anthu onse ku United States. Palinso anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi zizindikiro za OCD ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zazikulu za OCD ndi kulakalaka zinthu mopitirira muyeso (maganizo osafunikira) ndi kukakamizidwa (zochita zomwe mumachita poyankha), zomwe tidakambirana kale. Zizindikirozi zingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito anu abwinobwino. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikirozi zingakupangitseni kuti musamagwire ntchito nthawi yake. Kapena mungatenge nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse kuti mukonzekere kugona usiku.

Mungazindikire kuti zizindikirozi ndi vuto, koma simungathe kuziletsa. Zizindikiro za OCD zimatha kukulirakulira, kuchepa, ndikuipiraipira kapena kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi.

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za OCD zomwe zikukhudza moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, ndi bwino kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Kuganizira mopitirira muyeso (maganizo osafunikira, ovutitsa) omwe amapezeka mu OCD

Mu OCD, kutengeka maganizo ndi maganizo olakwika kapena zithunzi za m'maganizo zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo kwambiri. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi OCD amadziwa kuti maganizo amenewa ndi osamveka bwino komanso achilendo.

Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino za 'kukonda kwambiri' ndi izi:

• Kuopa kwambiri kukhudza kapena kudwala ndi majeremusi, dothi, kapena zinthu zina zonyansa. Tangoganizirani, mukuopa kukhudza waya m'basi, kusintha ndalama m'sitolo, kapena kugwirana chanza.
• Kuopa kudzivulaza kapena kuvulaza ena. Makamaka, maganizo monga, "Ngati sindisamala, kodi ndingavulaze wina?" "Ngati sinditseka chitseko, kodi wakuba angalowe m'nyumbamo n'kuvulaza banja?" Nthawi zina, pangakhalenso mantha ochita zinthu zachiwawa zomwe sangathe kuziletsa.
• Kupangidwa kwa malingaliro osafunikira, osasangalatsa kapena zithunzi zamaganizo zokhudzana ndi kugonana m'maganizo. Izi zimabwera popanda chilolezo cha munthu ndipo zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu a maganizo.
• Kuopa kwambiri kulakwitsa. Ngati ulakwitsa, ngakhale pang'ono, udzachita manyazi kwambiri.
• Kuganizira mopitirira muyeso za chabwino ndi choipa (makhalidwe abwino). Kuganizira mopitirira muyeso chilichonse, kufunsa kuti "Kodi izi ndi zoona? Kodi izi ndi zolakwika?"
• Kumva ngati wokayikira komanso wonyansidwa nthawi zonse.
• Kufunika kwakukulu kwa chilichonse kukhala cholongosoka, chofanana, komanso chopanda chilema. N'zovuta kukhulupirira kuti ngakhale mabuku omwe ali patebulo ndi zovala zomwe zili mu kabati zimasunthidwa ngakhale milimita imodzi.
• Kufuna chilimbikitso nthawi zonse kuchokera kwa ena. Kufunsa nthawi zonse kuti, "Kodi ndachita izi bwino?" "Kodi ndazimitsa chitofu?"

Kukakamiza (zochita zobwerezabwereza) zomwe zimachitika mu OCD

Mu OCD, 'kukakamiza' kumeneku ndi zochita zobwerezabwereza zomwe mumamva kuti mukukakamizidwa kuchita kuti muchepetse kupsinjika ndi mantha omwe amayambitsidwa ndi 'kukonda kwambiri' komwe kwatchulidwa kale, kapena kuti mupeze mpumulo ku zimenezo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi OCD safuna kuchita zinthu zokakamiza zimenezi, ndipo sasangalala kuzichita. Koma amaona kuti ngati sachita zinthu zimenezi, mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi maganizo ovutitsawo zidzawonjezeka. Koma mpumulo ku zinthu zokakamiza zimenezi ndi wakanthawi. Patapita kanthawi, zinthu zokakamizazo zimabwerera m'maganizo mwawo, ndipo amayesedwa kuti achitenso zinthu zokakamizazo. Zili ngati kuzungulira.

'Zokakamiza' zimenezi zimawononga nthawi yambiri ndipo zimasokoneza zinthu zofunika zomwe mumaona kuti n'zofunika kwambiri. Zochita zimenezi siziyenera kukhala zokhudzana ndi 'kukonda kwambiri' kwanu.

Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Kukonza chilichonse mwanjira yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukonza zinthu ndi mabuku pa desiki yanu motsatira dongosolo lomwelo komanso mofanana. Ngati musuntha pang'ono, muyenera kuyambiranso.
• Kusamba mobwerezabwereza, kuyeretsa, kusamba m'manja. Anthu ena amasamba m'manja kakhumi kapena kasanu patsiku, akupukuta ndi kupukuta kwa mphindi zochepa.
• Kusunga zinthu ndi kusonkhanitsa kapena kusonkhanitsa zinthu zomwe zilibe phindu lililonse kapena ndalama. Zinthu monga manyuzipepala akale ndi mabotolo opanda kanthu zimaunjikidwa m'mizere ndipo sizingathe kutayidwa.
• Kuyang'ana zinthu mobwerezabwereza. Kuyang'ana ngati zitseko zatsekedwa, magetsi azimitsidwa, chitofu cha gasi chazimitsidwa. Anthu ena amatuluka m'nyumba, kuyenda mtunda waufupi, kenako n’kubwerera kudzayang'ana.
• Nthawi zonse amayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti palibe amene akuvulazidwa chifukwa cha zochita zawo.
• Kufunafuna chilimbikitso kuchokera kwa ena nthawi zonse.
• Miyambo yokhudzana ndi manambala. Mwachitsanzo, kuchita chinthu kangapo (monga kuchita katatu, kuchita kasanu ndi kawiri), kapena kukonda kapena kupewa manambala ena.
• Kunena mawu kapena mapemphero ena pamene mukugwira ntchito yosagwirizana.

Kukakamiza kungaphatikizeponso kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chizolowezi chochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Mwachitsanzo, kukana kugwirana chanza ndi ena kapena kukhudza zinthu zomwe anthu ambiri amazigwira, monga zogwirira zitseko.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa OCD?

Ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa OCD, koma akuganiza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa izi:

• Majini: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngati wina m'banjamo (makolo, abale) ali ndi OCD, ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Komanso, ngati wina m'banjamo adakhalapo ndi OCD ali mwana kapena wachinyamata, chiopsezocho chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri.
• Kusintha kwa ubongo:Kafukufuku wokhudza kujambula zithunzi wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi OCD ali ndi kusintha kwina mu frontal cortex ndi kapangidwe ka subcortical kogwirizana. OCD imagwirizanitsidwanso ndi matenda amitsempha omwe amakhudza madera ofanana a ubongo, monga matenda a Parkinson, matenda a Tourette, ndi khunyu.
• Matenda a PANDAS: PANDAS ndi chidule cha "matenda a neuropsychiatric a ana omwe amakhudzana ndi matenda a streptococcal." Imafotokoza gulu la matenda omwe angakhudze ana ena omwe adadwalapo matenda a streptococcal, monga strep throat kapena scarlet fever. OCD ndi imodzi mwa matenda awa.
• Kuvulala kwa ubwana: Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa zochitika zoopsa monga nkhanza zaubwana ndi kunyalanyazidwa komanso kukula kwa OCD.

Kodi OCD imapezedwa bwanji?

Palibe mayeso enieni oti mudziwe OCD. Dokotala adzazindikira vutoli akakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yachipatala, komanso mbiri yanu ya thanzi la maganizo. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochokera mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) kuti adziwe OCD.

Zofunikirazo zikuphatikizapo:

• Kukhala ndi 'maganizo osayenera' kapena 'kukakamizidwa' (zochita zomwe zimachitika poyankha), kapena zonse ziwiri.
• 'Zochita zolemetsa' kapena 'zokakamiza' izi zimatenga nthawi yoposa ola limodzi patsiku.
• Kukonda zinthu kapena zinthu zina zimenezi kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu kapena kusokoneza zochita za anthu, ntchito, kapena zina zofunika pa moyo.
• Zizindikiro zimenezi sizimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, mankhwala ena, kapena matenda ena akuthupi.
• Zizindikiro zimenezi sizingafotokozedwe ndi matenda ena amisala (monga matenda a nkhawa, matenda odya, matenda okhudza thupi).

Kodi mankhwala a OCD ndi ati?

Ndondomeko yochiritsira ya OCD yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imaphatikizapo psychotherapy (mankhwala olankhula) ndi mankhwala.

Ngati mankhwala awa sakuchepetsa zizindikiro za OCD ndipo zizindikiro zanu n’zoopsa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo chotchedwa Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Psychotherapy kwa OCD

Chithandizo cha maganizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zomwe zimakuthandizani kuzindikira ndikusintha malingaliro anu osalimbikitsa, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe. Mumagwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo , monga katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala amisala. Njira zothandiza komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza OCD ndi izi:

• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT):Mu CBT, katswiri wa zamaganizo amakuthandizani kufufuza ndi kumvetsetsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro anu. Pa magawo angapo, CBT ingakuthandizeni kusintha malingaliro anu oipa, kusiya zizolowezi zanu zosafunikira, ndikuyambitsa njira zabwino zothetsera vuto lanu. Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi chikhulupiriro chabodza m'maganizo mwanu, monga "Ndikakhudza chitseko, ndidzadwala," ndipo mumadzifunsa ngati ndi zoona komanso ngati pali maziko asayansi.
• Kupewa Kukumana ndi Mavuto (ERP): Izi ndi mbali ya CBT. Pankhaniyi, katswiri wa zamaganizo amakuwonetsani pang'onopang'ono ku mkhalidwe kapena maganizo omwe mumaopa, koma samakulolani kuchita zomwe mukuchita poyankha. Mwachitsanzo, mungapemphedwe kuti mukhudze chinthu chomwe mukuganiza kuti ndi chodetsedwa, kenako mumasiya kuchita izi mukayesa kusamba m'manja. Mukakhala mu mkhalidwe wa mantha uwu, ndipo palibe choipa chomwe chimachitika, mumazindikira kuti malingaliro anu oopa ndi malingaliro chabe, ndipo si enieni kwenikweni. Ichi ndi chithandizo chovuta, koma chothandiza kwambiri cha OCD.
• Chithandizo cha Kuvomereza ndi Kudzipereka (ACT): ACT imakuthandizani kuvomereza kuti malingaliro anu odzikuza ndi malingaliro chabe, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zawo. Katswiri wa ACT angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wopindulitsa ngakhale muli ndi zizindikiro za OCD. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'malo molimbana ndi malingaliro awa, mutha kuvomereza kuti adzabwera ndikupita ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu zofunika pamoyo wanu.

Njira zolimbikitsira kusinkhasinkha monga kusinkhasinkha ndi njira zopumulira zingathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro.

Mankhwala a OCD

Mankhwala otchedwa Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), ndi tricyclic antidepressants angathandize kuchiza OCD. Amagwira ntchito polinganiza ntchito ya neurotransmitter serotonin muubongo.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala a SSRI a OCD. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa mu mlingo waukulu kuposa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo. Ena mwa mankhwala a SSRI ovomerezedwa ndi U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi awa:

• `(Fluoxetine)`
• `(Fluvoxamine)`
• `(Paroxetine)`
• `(Sertraline)`

Mankhwalawa angatenge pakati pa masabata 8 ndi 12 kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Choncho musasiye kuwamwa mwadzidzidzi chifukwa sakugwira ntchito. Muyenera kupitiriza kuwamwa monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha OCD ndi chiyani?

Chiyembekezo cha OCD chingasiyane malinga ndi munthu. OCD nthawi zambiri imakhala vuto la moyo wonse, ndipo nthawi zina limachepa.

Komabe, moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi OCD omwe amalandira chithandizo choyenera umakula bwino kwambiri.Ubale wawo ndi anthu ena, ntchito yawo ya kusukulu, kapena momwe amagwirira ntchito zimakhalira bwino.

Ngati simulandira chithandizo, kuzungulira kumeneku kwa zinthu zolemetsa ndi zokakamiza kumakhala kovuta kuswa ndi kuchiza, chifukwa pakapita nthawi, kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo kumachitika muubongo wanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wachipatala mwachangu ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mwayamba kukumana ndi zizindikiro.

Kodi ndingapewe OCD?

Mwatsoka, palibe njira yopewera OCD. Komabe, kuzindikirika msanga ndi chithandizo kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa momwe zimakhudzira moyo wanu.

Ngati ndili ndi OCD, ndingadzisamalire bwanji?

Kuwonjezera pa kufunafuna chithandizo cha OCD, kudzisamalira kungakuthandizeninso kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Gonani bwino. Gonani maola osachepera 7-8 patsiku.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Chitani zinthu monga kuyenda, kuthamanga, kapena kusambira.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Idyani ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, ndi zakudya zoyera.
• Khalani ndi nthawi ndi okondedwa anu omwe amakuthandizani ndikumvetsetsa OCD yanu.
• Yesetsani njira zopumulira. Zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha, yoga, kutikita minofu, ndi kuwonetsa zinthu m'maganizo.
• Lowani m'magulu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi OCD. Izi zitha kuchitika pa intaneti kapena pamasom'pamaso. Kulankhula ndi anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi zinthu zomwezo kungakuthandizeni kwambiri.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga za OCD?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mwapezeka ndi matenda a Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wanu ndi/kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti chithandizo chanu chikugwira ntchito bwino.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a OCD ndipo mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zilizonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi ichi: Matenda Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ndi matenda amisala. Monga matenda ena aliwonse amisala, kufunafuna thandizo mukangozindikira zizindikiro kungathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa moyo wanu. Madokotala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo angapereke mapulani a chithandizo kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi zovuta zanu.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

• Matenda amisala okakamiza (OCD) ndi matenda amisala omwe amadziwika ndi malingaliro olowerera (obsessions) ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza (compulsions) kuti achepetse nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi malingalirowo.
• Izi sizinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri timanena kuti, "Ndimaganizira kwambiri za munthu winayo," koma ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri ndipo chimakhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
• `(OCD)` ndi `(OCPD)` ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana.
• Ngakhale kuti zifukwa zenizeni sizikudziwika, majini, kusintha kwa ubongo, matenda ena, ndi zomwe zinachitikira ali mwana zingathandize.
• Chithandizo cha maganizo (makamaka `CBT` ndi `ERP`) ndi mankhwala ndiye njira zazikulu zochiritsira.
• Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo kungathandize kuti moyo ukhale wabwino.
• Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro izi, musachite manyazi kapena kuopa kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala. Simuli nokha, ndipo kupeza thandizo ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu.

OCD , Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza, Thanzi la Maganizo, Maganizo Osokoneza, Zochita Zobwerezabwereza, Nkhawa, Chithandizo