Tiyeni tikambirane za gulu lankhondo lodabwitsa m'thupi lathu: chitetezo chamthupi!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti pali nkhondo yaikulu, nkhondo yomwe ikuchitika mkati mwa matupi athu nthawi zonse, popanda ife kuzindikira? Ngakhale titadwala chimfine, malungo, kapena kuvulala pang'ono, gulu la asilikali ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa matupi athu nthawi yomweyo limayamba kugwira ntchito. Umenewo ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe imateteza matupi athu, imalimbana ndi majeremusi ndi matenda ochokera kunja, timatcha Chitetezo cha Mthupi . Izi zili ngati gulu lapadera lachitetezo lomwe lili m'thupi lathu! Ali maso maola 24 patsiku, masiku 7 pa sabata, kutiteteza.

Kodi ndani amene amateteza thupi lathu? Tiyeni tidziwe bwino ziwalo za chitetezo chamthupi!

Taganizirani izi, chitetezo cha mthupi si chinthu chimodzi chokha, chili ngati gulu lalikulu. Membala aliyense wa gululi, kutanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo ndi ziwalo m'thupi lathu, amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti achite ntchito yotetezayi. Aliyense ali ndi udindo wake wapadera.

Maselo Oyera a M'magazi (Leukocytes) - Oteteza Thupi Lathu

Ngwazi zazikulu za gulu lankhondo loteteza ili zimatchedwa maselo oyera amagazi (Leukocytes) . Mwina munamvapo kuti magazi ali ndi maselo oyera amagazi komanso maselo ofiira amagazi. Maselo oyera amagazi amenewo ndi malo omenyera nkhondo a chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera amagazi awa (Leukocytes), monga momwe zilili ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ankhondo.

Ma Phagocyte - asilikali ogwira ntchito mwakhama omwe amafufuza ndikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Ma phagocyte ndi gulu lapadera la maselo oyera a m'magazi (leukocytes). Mawu akuti "phagocyte" amatanthauza "wodya maselo." Mutha kudziwa kuchokera ku dzina lenilenilo zomwe amachita. Inde, ma phagocyte awa ndi otanganidwa kwambiri. Chomwe amachita ndikupeza zinthu monga majeremusi ndi mabakiteriya omwe alowa m'thupi, kuwazungulira, ndipo, kunena zoona , 'awadule ndikuwameza.' Monga momwe amayi athu akamaona zinyalala m'nyumba mwathu, amawasesa ndi tsache, maselowa amachotsanso zinthu zosafunikira ndi majeremusi m'thupi ndikuyeretsa.

Neutrophil - katswiri wotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya

Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ya gulu lotchedwa phagocytes ndi mtundu wa selo lotchedwa neutrophil . Amalimbana makamaka ndi matenda a bakiteriya.Kutsutsa. Tangoganizirani, nthawi zina mukapita kwa dokotala ndi pakhosi lopweteka, dokotalayo amati, "Izi ziyenera kuti ndi matenda a bakiteriya, tiyeni tichite mayeso a magazi." Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe amaona ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a neutrophil. Pakakhala matenda a bakiteriya m'thupi, thupi lathu limapanga maselo ambiri a neutrophil kuti amenyane ndi omwe akuukirawo. Chifukwa chake ngati mayeso a magazi akuwonetsa kuti chiwerengerocho chawonjezeka, dokotalayo amamvetsetsa kuti pali mtundu wina wa nkhondo ya bakiteriya yomwe ikuchitika mkati mwa thupi. Sikuti ma neutrophil okha ndi awa, komanso pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma phagocyte, iliyonse yomwe imachita ntchito yake yoteteza thupi.

Lymphocytes - asilikali anzeru omwe amakumbukira mdani ndi kumenyana

Gulu lina lofunika kwambiri komanso lanzeru la maselo oyera a m'magazi (Leukocytes) limatchedwa Lymphocytes . Ntchito yawo yapadera ndi yakuti sangathe kungozindikira adani (majeremusi) omwe amalowa m'thupi, komanso kukumbukira adani amenewo . Monga momwe apolisi amasungira tsatanetsatane ndi zithunzi za zigawenga kuti athe kuzizindikira akadzawaonanso. Umu ndi momwe Lymphocytes izi zimagwirira ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya Lymphocytes izi. Ndi B Lymphocytes ndi T Lymphocytes . Zonsezi zimayamba kukula m'mafupa athu. Pamene B lymphocytes zimakula pamenepo, T lymphocytes amapita kumalo ena apadera, thymus gland (yomwe ili kumtunda kwa chifuwa chathu), komwe amaphunzitsidwa bwino ndikukonzekera nkhondo.

B Lymphocytes - ngati akuluakulu a zanzeru zankhondo

Ganizirani za ma B Lymphocyte ngati akuluakulu a zanzeru m'gulu lankhondo la thupi lathu. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuzindikira bwino adani, kutanthauza majeremusi, omwe amalowa m'thupi ndikudziwitsa ena kuti, "Apa pakubwera mdani!" Sikuti ndi zokhazo, komanso ma B cell awa ndi omwe amapanga 'chida' chapadera, chomwe timachitcha ma antibodies . Tikambirana za izi posachedwa.

T Lymphocytes - Ma commandos omwe amapita kunkhondo mwachindunji

Tsopano, kodi ma T lymphocytes ndi ndani? Ndi asilikali ankhondo athu, monga ma commandos . Maselo a B akafuula kuti, "Nayi mdani, uyu ndiye uyu!", maselo a T amapita mwachindunji kukawononga maselo olowa, kaya ndi maselo athu omwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena maselo a khansa. Ndiwo omwe amachita nkhondo.

Mukuona, sichoncho? Maselo a B ndi maselo a T awa amagwira ntchito limodzi ngati gulu kuti ateteze matupi athu bwino kwambiri!

Kodi chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwira ntchito bwanji kwenikweni? Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri!

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe chitetezo champhamvuchi chimagwirira ntchito. Ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, komanso yodabwitsa.

Kuzindikira Ma Antigen - Muyenera kudziwa bwino mdani!

Chilichonse chomwe chimalowa m'thupi mwathu kuchokera kunja ndipo chingakhale chovulaza thupi, mwachitsanzo, majeremusi (mabakiteriya, mavairasi), poizoni, mungu, ndi zina zotero, chimakhala ndi zizindikiro zapadera zozindikirika pamwamba pake. Mu zamankhwala, zizindikirozi zimatchedwa ma antigen . Izi zili ngati chizindikiro pa yunifolomu ya mdani. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimadziwa bwino ma antigen awa. Amazindikira mwachangu kuti, "O, uyu si m'modzi wa ife, uyu ndi wina!"

Momwe mungapangire ma antibodies ndikulimbana - kuukira ndi zida zapadera

Kodi mukukumbukira ma B Lymphocyte omwe tawatchula kale aja? Ndi omwe, akazindikira ma antigen awa, amalandira chizindikiro choti apange mtundu wapadera wa puloteni. Mapuloteni apaderawa ndi omwe timawatcha ma antibodies . Nthawi zina amatchedwanso ma immunoglobulins . Ma antibodies awa ndi apadera kwambiri. Kuti agwirizane ndi antigen iliyonse, ma antibodies omwe ali enieni a antigen imeneyo amapangidwa. Kunena zoona, amakhala ngati kiyi yapadera yomwe imakwanira loko iliyonse. Akangowona antigen yoyenera, ma antibodies awa amapita 'ndikutseka' nayo, ndiko kuti, amamanga. Akamanga motere, wolowa, ndiko kuti, nyongolosi, sangathe kugwira ntchito yake. Kaya imakhala yosagwira ntchito, kapena imakhala 'yolembedwa' mwanjira yomwe maselo ngati ma phagocyte amatha kuigwira ndikuiwononga mosavuta.

Kukumbukira ndi chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali - ngati mdani yemweyo abweranso ...

Nayi chinthu china chodabwitsa chokhudza chitetezo chamthupi. Ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa kale nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matupi athu, kapena ma B cell omwe adapanga ma antibodies amenewo amakhalabe ngati "ma cell okumbukira." Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati kachilombo komweko kayesa kulowa m'matupi athu kachiwiri, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimakumbukira bwino! "O, uyu ndi mdani wakale!" Amazindikira mwachangu ndikuyamba kupanga ma antibodies amenewo mwachangu komanso mochuluka kuposa kale. Kenako, kachilomboko kasanakhale ndi mwayi woyambitsa matenda, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimawononga.

Ndicho chifukwa chake mukangodwala matenda monga nthenda ya nkhuku , simuchiranso mosavuta. Matupi athu apanga ma antibodies ndi maselo okumbukira kuti athane nawo, kotero ngati kachilombo ka nthenda ya nkhuku kabwerera, matupi athu amakhala okonzeka kulimbana nako. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha kuti chitetezo chamthupi .

Mwachidule, katemeraUmu ndi momwe katemera amachitira. Matendawa asanayambe, kachilombo kofooka kapena kophedwa (kapena gawo lake) kamaperekedwa ku thupi, ndipo chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimaphunzitsidwa kuzindikira, kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana nawo, ndikusunga kukumbukira kumeneko. Kenako, ngati kachilombo kameneka kabweradi, thupi lathu lidzalimbana nako popanda kudwala.

Zambiri zokhudza chitetezo chathu chamthupi

Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yolinganizika bwino. Nthawi zina njira imeneyi ingakhale yopanikizika pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ngati sitigona bwino
• Ngati zakudya zomwe timadya zili ndi thanzi lochepa
• Ngati nthawi zonse timavutika maganizo

Zinthu zimenezi zingapangitse chitetezo chathu chamthupi kukhala chofooka pang'ono. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira moyo wathanzi . Kugona mokwanira, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kukhala osangalala kungathandize chitetezo chathu chodabwitsa kuchita ntchito yawo. Nthawi zina, kawirikawiri, chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kusokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina chimayamba kuukira maselo athu athanzi (izi zimatchedwa matenda odziteteza okha), kapena chimayankha mopitirira muyeso ku zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri sizili zovulaza (monga mungu ndi fumbi) (izi zimatchedwa ziwengo). Koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimatiteteza bwino.

Mwachidule, zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Tsopano mukumvetsa momwe gulu lankhondo ili lotchedwa chitetezo chamthupi mkati mwa matupi athu lilili lodabwitsa, laluso, komanso lofunika kwambiri.

• Ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe cha thupi lathu: ndi dongosolo ili lomwe limatiteteza ku majeremusi osaoneka.
• Gulu la maselo apadera: Mitundu ingapo ya maselo oyera a m'magazi (monga ma phagocyte ndi ma lymphocyte ) amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti agwire ntchitoyi.
• Amazindikira ndi kukumbukira adani: Amazindikira ma antigen , amapanga ma antibodies motsutsana nawo, amakumbukira nkhondoyo, ndipo amachitapo kanthu mwachangu ngati mdaniyo abweranso.
• Tiyeneranso kuthandiza: Ifenso tikhoza kusunga dongosololi kukhala lolimba mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Kotero, nthawi ina mukadzadwala chimfine, musachite mantha. Kumbukirani, mkati mwa thupi lanu muli gulu la ngwazi zazing'ono zaluso kwambiri zomwe zikulimbana ndi nkhondo yayikulu kuti zikutetezeni! Aloleni agwire ntchito yawo, ndipo awathandize mwa kupuma mokwanira ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi.Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chimodzi mwa mphatso zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zachilengedwe kwa ife!

---

Chitetezo cha Mthupi, Maselo Oyera a M'magazi, Ma Leukocyte, Ma Antibodies, Ma Antigen, Majeremusi, Thanzi , Chitetezo cha Thupi