Kodi simuli amene mukuganiza kuti ndinu ndani? Tiyeni tikambirane za mavuto a umunthu

Tonsefe tili ndi umunthu wathu, kutanthauza makhalidwe athu apadera, njira zathu zoganizira, ndi machitidwe athu. Izi ndi zomwe zimatisiyanitsa ndi ena, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala omwe tili. Koma nthawi zina, machitidwe ena akuya komanso akale mu umunthu wa munthu angapangitse moyo kukhala wovuta kwambiri kwa iwo ndi kwa omwe ali pafupi nawo. Ndicho chimene timachitcha matenda a umunthu . Ichi kwenikweni ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo.

Kodi Matenda a Umunthu ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, vuto la umunthu ndi mndandanda wa machitidwe okhalitsa komanso ovuta omwe munthu amaganizira, kufotokoza malingaliro ake, kuchita zinthu, komanso kugwirizana ndi ena omwe amasokoneza moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku. Machitidwe amenewa amatha kubweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa munthuyo, kapena kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta kuti agwire bwino ntchito yake, banja lake, kapena ubale wake ndi anthu ena.

Taganizirani izi motere, pali anthu ena omwe nthawi zonse amakayikira ena, omwe amaona ngati aliyense akuyesera kuwavulaza. Palinso ena omwe safuna kuchita nawo zinthu zina, ndipo amakonda kukhala okha pamavuto awo. Zinthu zimenezi nthawi zina zimakhala makhalidwe abwinobwino, koma ngati zili zoopsa kwambiri, zokhalitsa, komanso zimakhudza mbali zonse za moyo wawo , zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto la umunthu.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli sadziwa kuti pali vuto ndi khalidwe lawo kapena momwe amaganizira . Amaganiza kuti anthu ena ndi omwe ali ndi vuto, kapena kuti dziko lapansi ndilo vuto.

Kodi mitundu iyi ya matenda a umunthu ndi iti?

Buku Lothandizira Matenda a Mitsempha Lotchedwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo, limatchula mitundu khumi ya matenda a umunthu. Izi zagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu, kutengera makhalidwe ofanana a matendawa m'gulu lililonse.

Gulu A: Maganizo kapena machitidwe achilendo komanso achilendo

Anthu omwe ali m'gululi akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala achilendo komanso ovuta kuwamvetsa.

• Matenda a Paranoid Personality: Chinthu chachikulu mu izi ndi paranoia , zomwe zikutanthauza kukayikira ndi kusakhulupirira ena popanda chifukwa chomveka. Nthawi zonse amaganiza zinthu monga, "Ena akufuna kundivulaza, kundinyoza, kapena kundiopseza." Tangoganizirani, pali winawake muofesi yanu, amene nthawi zonse amaganiza kuti ena akumunena miseche ndipo akuyesera kuwononga ntchito yake. Koma kwenikweni, sizili choncho.

• Matenda a Schizoid Personality: Anthu awa alibe chidwi chochita zinthu ndi ena ndipo amakonda kuwapewa.Nthawi zambiri amakonda kukhala okha, okha. Sasonyeza kawirikawiri zakukhosi kwawo akamalankhula ndi ena. Amatha kuoneka ngati maloboti opanda zakukhosi.

• Matenda a Schizotypal Personality: Anthuwa amavutikanso kukhala ndi ubale wapamtima, ndipo sangakhale ndi chilakolako chofuna kutero. Komabe, angakhalenso ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza dziko lapansi, zikhulupiriro, ndi makhalidwe achilendo . Angakhulupirire kuti ali ndi mphamvu zapadera kapena amatha kuwerenga maganizo a anthu ena.

Gulu B: Machitidwe odabwitsa, osasinthasintha, komanso osakhazikika

Anthu omwe ali m'gululi nthawi zambiri amakhala okonda zinthu monyanyira, osinthasintha maganizo, komanso amakhala ndi khalidwe losinthasintha . Maganizo awo nthawi zambiri amasintha kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita kwina.

• Matenda Osagwirizana ndi Anthu (ASPD): Anthu amenewa salemekeza ena ndipo sasamala za malamulo ovomerezeka m'gulu. Angayesedwe kuswa malamulo ndikuvulaza ena mwakuthupi kapena m'maganizo . Safuna kutenga udindo pa zolakwa zawo, ndipo sasamala za kuvulaza komwe zochita zawo zimayambitsa kwa ena. Kuyambira ali aang'ono, angasonyeze zizindikiro zozunza ana ena, kuchitira nkhanza nyama, kunama, ndi kuba.

• Matenda a Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Vuto lalikulu ndi izi ndi kuvutika kulamulira malingaliro . Zotsatira zake, amakhala ndi kudziona ngati wosafunika, kusintha kwa maganizo, kuchita zinthu mopupuluma, komanso kukhala ndi mavuto osunga ubale. Angakonde munthu kwambiri nthawi ina, kenako n’kumukana mwamphamvu nthawi ina.

• Matenda a Histrionic Personality: Anthuwa alinso ndi malingaliro amphamvu komanso osakhazikika komanso chithunzi chopotoka . Kudzidalira kwawo kumachokera pa kuvomerezedwa ndi ena. Samadziona kuti ndi ofunika kwenikweni. Ali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chofuna kukopa chidwi cha ena . Angachite zinthu modabwitsa, nthawi zina zosayenera, kuti akwaniritse izi.

• Matenda a Umunthu Wodzikonda: Anthu awa ali ndi maganizo akuti ndi apamwamba kuposa ena. Amafunika kuyamikiridwa ndi kusimidwa kwambiri ndi ena . Salinso ndi chifundo pa momwe ena akumvera. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa khalidweli kungakhale kudziona ngati osafunika komanso kusadzidalira.

Gulu C: Nkhawa yaikulu komanso machitidwe amantha

Anthu omwe ali mgululi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha .

• Matenda Opewera Khalidwe:Anthu amenewa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi maganizo oti sangakwanitse. Amaopa kudzudzulidwa kapena kukanidwa ndi ena. Ngakhale kuti amafuna kulumikizana ndi ena, amapewa kucheza ndi anthu chifukwa choopa kwambiri kukanidwa .

• Matenda Odalira Munthu: Izi zimadziwika ndi kufunikira kosalekeza komanso kopitirira muyeso chitetezo kwa ena. Amasonyezanso kugonjera, kufunikira kosalekeza chithandizo, komanso kulephera kupanga zisankho. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi ena ndipo amayesetsa kuwasangalatsa. Amakonda kumamatira kwa ena ndipo amaopa kupatukana.

• Matenda a Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): Izi zimadziwika ndi kufunikira kwakukulu komanso kofunikira kuti chilichonse chikhale bwino, changwiro, komanso cholamulidwa . Palibe kusinthasintha konse. Izi zingayambitse kuchedwa kumaliza ntchito kapena kusokonezedwa. Izi zingakhudzenso maubwenzi.

Chofunika: Izi ndi zosiyana ndi matenda a nkhawa otchedwa Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) . Anthu omwe ali ndi OCD nthawi zambiri amadziwa kuti khalidwe lawo limayamba chifukwa cha OCD ndipo ayenera kusintha. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi OCPD sadziwa zambiri za khalidwe lawo.

Nthawi zina munthu angakhale ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za matenda a umunthu.

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda amenewa?

Ndipotu, aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la umunthu. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a umunthu imakhudza anthu osiyanasiyana mosiyana.

Matenda ambiri a umunthu amayamba ali achinyamata , pamene umunthu wanu ukukulabe. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi vuto la umunthu amakhala ndi zaka zoposa 18. Pali chinthu chimodzi chosiyana ndi ichi, ndipo ndi Matenda a Antisocial Personality. Pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro akafika zaka 11.

Matenda a umunthu wosagwirizana ndi anthu nthawi zambiri amakhudza amuna. Matenda a umunthu wodalira malire, histrionic, komanso kudalira anthu ena apezeka kuti amakhudza akazi kwambiri.

Kodi matenda a umunthu ndi ofala bwanji?

Akuti pafupifupi 9% ya akuluakulu aku America ali ndi vuto linalake la umunthu, ndipo pafupifupi 6% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vuto la umunthu.

Pakadali pano, matenda amisala (BPD) ndi matenda amisala (ASPD) ndi matenda omwe amafala kwambiri pa umunthu .

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani mavuto amenewa a umunthu amapezeka? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Matenda a umunthu ndi vuto lomwe silikudziwika bwino m'munda wa thanzi la maganizo, ndipo asayansi akuyesetsabe kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti zinthu zotsatirazi zingathandize pakukula kwa matenda a umunthu:

• Majini: Asayansi apeza jini yomwe imaganiziridwa kuti imayambitsa matenda a obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Akufufuzanso ngati pali maubwenzi a majini ndi makhalidwe omwe angagwirizane ndi matenda a umunthu, monga mkwiyo, nkhawa, ndi mantha.

• Kusintha kwa ubongo: Ofufuza apeza kusintha kochepa mu ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a umunthu. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa matenda a paranoid personality disorder asonyeza kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a gawo la ubongo lotchedwa amygdala . Amygdala ndi gawo la ubongo lomwe limachita zinthu zoopsa komanso zoopseza. Ofufuza apeza kuchepa kwa voliyumu ya frontal lobe mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizotypal personality disorder.

• Kuvulala kwa ubwana: Kafukufuku wina adapeza kulumikizana pakati pa zochitika zoopsa paubwana ndi kukula kwa matenda a umunthu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu wa m'malire ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nkhanza zogonana ali ana. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu wa m'malire komanso wosagwirizana ndi anthu ena ali ndi mavuto okhala ndi ubale wapamtima komanso kukhulupirira ena. Izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi nkhanza ndi kuvulala kwa ubwana.

• Kunyoza: Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu omwe adanyozedwa ali ana anali ndi mwayi wochulukitsa katatu kukhala ndi vuto la umunthu wosayenera, wodzikonda, wosakonda anthu, kapena woopa kwambiri akakula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kumva nthawi zonse zinthu monga "simuli bwino" ndi "simungathe kuchita chilichonse" kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

• Zinthu Zachikhalidwe: Zinthu Zachikhalidwe nazonso zingathandize, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a umunthu pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko monga Taiwan, China, ndi Japan ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha matenda a umunthu wosagwirizana ndi anthu. Alinso ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha matenda a umunthu wa Cluster C (nkhawa komanso mantha).

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto la umunthu ndi ziti?

Pali mitundu khumi ya matenda a umunthu, iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zakezake. Komabe, kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a umunthu amatha kukumana ndi mavuto monga:

• Kudziona ndi kudziona ngati munthu: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi chithunzi chomveka bwino kapena chokhazikika cha iwo eni. Momwe amaonera okha amasintha nthawi zonse kutengera momwe zinthu zilili kapena anthu omwe ali nawo. Kudziona kwawo kungakhale kokwera kapena kotsika kwambiri. Taganizirani izi, pali anthu ena omwe, tsiku lina, amaganiza kuti ndi anthu abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo tsiku lotsatira, amaganiza kuti palibe woipa kuposa iwo.

• Ubale:Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu amavutika kupanga ubale wolimba komanso wokhazikika ndi ena chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zawo zovuta komanso machitidwe awo. Angakhale opanda chifundo ndi ulemu kwa ena, sakonda kulankhulana, kapena amayembekezera chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro chopitirira muyeso kuchokera kwa ena.

Chizindikiro china cha matenda a umunthu ndi chakuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli sadziwa zambiri kapena sadziwa bwino momwe maganizo ndi machitidwe awo alili ovuta.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la umunthu?

Sizotheka kudziwa bwinobwino ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la umunthu mpaka atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala .

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa izi: mitundu ya umunthu ndi matenda a umunthu ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana . Kungoti wina wanena kuti ndi wamanyazi ndipo amakonda kukhala yekha sizikutanthauza kuti ali ndi vuto la umunthu lomwe lingapeweke kapena matenda a schizoid personality disorder.

Kusiyana pakati pa kalembedwe ka umunthu ndi vuto la umunthu kungadziwike poyesa momwe umunthu wa munthuyo umakhudzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wake. Mbali izi ndi izi:

• Ntchito
• Ubale
• Malingaliro
• Kudzizindikira
• Kudziwa zenizeni
• Khalidwe ndi kuwongolera maganizo

Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino za munthu amene ali ndi vuto la umunthu ndi izi:

• Khalidwe lawo siligwirizana, ndipo lingakhale vuto lokhumudwitsa komanso losokoneza kwambiri kwa okondedwa awo ndi ena omwe amakumana nawo.
• Angakhale osamvetsetsa njira zenizeni komanso zovomerezeka zochitira zinthu ndi ena komanso momwe amachitira zinthu ndi ena.
• Mwina sadziwa kuti khalidwe lawo limabweretsa mavuto kwa iwo okha ndi/kapena kwa ena.
• Ngati ndi makolo, njira yawo yolerera ana ingakhale yosiyana, yokhudza mtima kwambiri, yankhanza, kapena yosaganizira ena. Izi nthawi zina zingayambitse mavuto akuthupi, amisala, kapena amaganizo kwa ana awo.

Kodi izi zimazindikirika bwanji?

Matenda a umunthu ndi ovuta kuwazindikira chifukwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu saganiza kuti pali vuto lililonse ndi khalidwe lawo kapena momwe amaganizira.

Pachifukwa ichi, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu nthawi zambiri safuna thandizo la vuto lawo kapena kudziwitsidwa za matendawa. M'malo mwake, amatumizidwa kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi okondedwa awo kapena bungwe lothandiza anthu chifukwa khalidwe lawo limasokoneza ena.

Ngakhale atapempha thandizo, ndi chifukwa cha matenda monga nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha vuto lawo la umunthu, monga kusudzulana kapena kutayika kwa ntchito, osati chifukwa cha vutoli lenilenilo.

Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amazindikira vuto linalake la umunthu malinga ndi zofunikira zomwe zili mu American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Dokotala wa zamaganizo kapena wamisala akamaganiza kuti winawake ali ndi vuto la umunthu, nthawi zambiri amafunsa mafunso ambiri kuti apeze mfundo popanda kumuika munthuyo panjira yodzitetezera kapena kupanga malo osayenera. Mafunso omwe amafunsa angathandize kumvetsa izi:

• Mbiri yakale
• Ubale
• Mbiri yakale ya ntchito
• Kuyesa zenizeni
• Kulamulira kwa chikoka

Popeza munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi vuto la umunthu sangadziwe khalidwe lake, akatswiri azaumoyo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi banja la munthuyo, mabwenzi ake, ndi/kapena akuluakulu a parole kuti apeze zambiri zokhudza khalidwe lake ndi mbiri yake.

Matenda a umunthu nthawi zambiri sapezeka mokwanira chifukwa madokotala nthawi zina amayang'ana kwambiri zizindikiro monga nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri kuposa matenda a umunthu. Zizindikirozi zimatha kubisa zizindikiro za matenda a umunthu omwe ali mkati mwake.

Kodi chithandizo ndi chiyani? (Chithandizo)

Matenda a umunthu ndi amodzi mwa matenda ovuta kwambiri kuchiza mu matenda amisala. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a umunthu saganiza kuti khalidwe lawo ndi lovuta, kotero nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo.

Ngakhale munthu akafuna chithandizo cha vuto la umunthu, mankhwala amakono akadali ndi njira zochepa zochiritsira. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala ovomerezeka kuchiza vuto lililonse la umunthu . Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize ndi zizindikiro monga nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu.

Komabe, psychotherapy, kapena therapy yolankhula, ingathandize kuthana ndi mavuto a umunthu. Psychotherapy ndi mawu ofala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe amakuthandizani kuzindikira ndikusintha malingaliro anu ovuta, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe. Kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa zaumoyo wamaganizo, monga katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena wamisala, kungakuthandizeni inu ndi banja lanu kupeza chithandizo, maphunziro, ndi chitsogozo.

Zolinga zazikulu za psychotherapy pochiza matenda a umunthu ndi izi:

• Kuchepetsa nkhawa nthawi yomweyo, monga nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo.
• Kumupangitsa munthuyo kumvetsetsa kuti mavuto ake ndi amkati osati a anthu ena kapena zochitika zina.
• Kuchepetsa makhalidwe oipa komanso osayenera anthu.
• Kusintha makhalidwe a umunthu komwe kumabweretsa mavuto.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya psychotherapy, ndipo vuto lililonse la umunthu limafuna njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti,Chithandizo cha Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) chawonetsedwa kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu wa m'malire. Mofananamo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu wa histrionic nthawi zambiri amapindula ndi Chithandizo cha Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) .

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Chiyembekezo chonse cha matenda a umunthu sichili chabwino kwenikweni, chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a umunthu nthawi zonse safuna upangiri woyenera wa dokotala.

Matenda a umunthu osachiritsidwa angayambitse zinthu monga:

• Ubale wofooka.
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi ntchito.
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino pagulu.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti matenda amisala amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kusowa ntchito.
• Kusudzulana.
• Nkhanza za m'banja.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kusowa pokhala.
• Upandu (makamaka vuto la umunthu wosagwirizana ndi anthu).

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu amakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amapita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi (ED) , amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wochita ngozi zoopsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa msanga chifukwa chodzipha.

Ngakhale kuti chiyembekezo chili choipa, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kusamalira chisamaliro mogwirizana kungawongolere kwambiri zotsatira ngati anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu adzipereka kulandira chithandizo .

Ngati mukuganiza kuti munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto la umunthu, yesani kumulimbikitsa kuti akalandire chithandizo. Ndikofunikanso kudziphunzitsa nokha za umunthu wa vutoli. Izi zikuthandizani kudziwa bwino zomwe mungayembekezere.

Kodi mavuto a umunthu angapewedwe?

Pakadali pano, palibe njira yodziwika yopewera matenda amisala. Komabe, mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi matendawa amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi chithandizo . Kufunafuna thandizo zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuonekera kungathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa moyo wa munthu, banja lake, komanso ubwenzi wake.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe muyenera kunena

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda amisala monga omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, chonde funsani thandizo . Izi ndi matenda amisala. Palibe chochita manyazi nacho, choopa, kapena chobisalira. Tonsefe timafunikira thandizo nthawi zina.

Kumbukirani, matenda amisala ndi matenda amisala. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda ena onse amisala, kufunafuna thandizo zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuonekera kungathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa moyo wanu. Akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo angapereke njira zothandizira kuti zikuthandizeni kuwongolera malingaliro ndi machitidwe anu.

Achibale a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, chisoni, komanso kusungulumwa. Ndikofunikira kusamalira thanzi lanu la maganizo ndikupempha thandizo ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi . Simuli nokha.

Matenda a umunthu , thanzi la maganizo, machitidwe, kuvutika maganizo, chithandizo, psychotherapy, umunthu