Tikamalankhula za chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa munthu amene akumenyana ndi khansa, mawu amodzi omwe amafika m'maganizo mwake nthawi yomweyo ndi "Chemotherapy." Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, tsopano pali njira zatsopano zomwe zitha kuthana ndi maselo a khansa okha ndikuchiza komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi? Lero, tikambirana za njira imodzi yodziwika bwino komanso yapamwamba kwambiri yochizira. Timaitcha "Targeted Therapy."
Mwachidule, kodi Targeted Therapy ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti nyumba yanu ili ndi udzu wambiri. Tsopano muli ndi njira ziwiri zochotsera udzu uwu. Njira imodzi ndi kupopera udzu wonse m'munda. Izi zipha udzu, komanso zingawononge maluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zokongola zomwe mwalima mosangalala. Umu ndi momwe mankhwala achikhalidwe a chemotherapy amagwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri. Amapha maselo olekanitsa mofulumira, kuphatikizapo maselo a khansa, komanso maselo athanzi m'thupi lathu (monga maselo a tsitsi, maselo omwe amachiritsa mabala mkamwa).
Tsopano njira ina ndiyo kuzindikira udzu uliwonse pamanja ndi kuupaka mankhwala ophera udzu okha. Kenako maluwa abwino sadzawonongeka. Mofananamo, Targeted Therapy ndi njira yochizira yomwe imazindikira khalidwe la maselo a khansa ndi cholinga cha khalidwe limenelo. Chifukwa cha izi, kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kunena zoona, izi zili ngati kutsegula loko yeniyeni yokhala ndi kiyi inayake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira yochizira iyi imatchedwanso "Precision Medicine". Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi chithandizo cholondola kwambiri komanso cholunjika.
Kodi chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji kwenikweni?
Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa pang'ono za momwe khansa imakulira. Selo lililonse m'thupi lathu lili ndi chinthu chotchedwa majini. Izi zili ngati buku la malangizo lomwe limauza selo momwe lingagwirire ntchito. Nthawi zina, kusintha kwa majini kumachitika m'buku la malangizoli, ndiko kuti, m'majini. Kenako selo lathanzi limayamba kusanduka selo la khansa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti selo limayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika.
Nazi zomwe madokotala a oncologists amachita panthawi ya chithandizo cholunjika:
1. Choyamba, kusintha kwa majini komwe kunayambitsa khansa kumadziwika: Maselo anu a khansa amafufuzidwa kuti adziwe kusintha kwa majini komwe kunayambitsa khansa. Si khansa zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi kusintha kumeneku, koma mitundu yambiri ya khansa imakhala nako.
2. Sankhani cholinga:Kenako, puloteni kapena njira inayake yomwe imapangidwa mkati mwa selo la khansa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini imasankhidwa ngati cholinga. Cholinga ichi nthawi zambiri sichipezeka m'maselo athanzi, kapena chimapezeka pang'ono kwambiri.
3. Kupereka mankhwala oyenera: Mankhwala apadera apangidwa kuti amangirire ndikutseka chinthu chomwe chasankhidwa. Mankhwalawa akalowa m'thupi, amapita mwachindunji ku chinthu chomwe chili m'maselo a khansa.
Kuukira kumeneku kumawononga selo la khansa kapena kuletsa chizindikiro chomwe chimauza selo la khansa kuti ligawane ndikukula. Zotsatira zake, khansa imasiya kukula ndipo pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuchepa.
Kodi pali mitundu ya chithandizo cholunjika?
Inde, chithandizochi chingagawidwe m'magulu akuluakulu angapo kutengera momwe chimagwirira ntchito. Mayina awa angamveke achilendo kwa inu, koma ndibwino kudziwa pang'ono.
- Mankhwala a mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono: Awa ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa chake amatha kulowa mu selo ya khansa ndikuukira omwe ali mkati. Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi.
- Ma immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa chitetezo chathu chamthupi kuti chizindikire ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Pansi pa izi, pali mankhwala apamwamba monga `(Monoclonal antibodies)`, `(Bispecific antibodies)` ndi `(CAR T-cell therapy)`.
- Mankhwala oletsa khansa amalumikizana: Ichi ndi mankhwala opangidwa mwanzeru kwambiri. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti mankhwala oletsa khansa (monga mankhwala a chemo) amalumikizidwa ku antibody yomwe imafufuza maselo a khansa ndikutumizidwa m'thupi. Antibody imeneyo ikapeza selo yeniyeni ya khansa ndikuigwira, mankhwalawa amapita mwachindunji mu selo ya khansa ndikuiwononga. Zili ngati kutumiza phukusi ku adilesi yoyenera.
Ndi mitundu iti ya khansa yomwe mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri?
Chithandizo cholunjika ndi njira yothandiza yochiritsira mitundu yambiri ya khansa yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makamaka pa khansa ya m'mawere, khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi khansa ya prostate. Sikuti kokha, komanso chithandizochi chimaperekedwanso pa mitundu ina yambiri ya khansa.
| Dongosolo lomwe mtundu wa khansa uli | Zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi | Multiple Myeloma, Khansa Yaikulu ya M'magazi, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
| Khansa ya mafupa ndi minofu yofewa | Ma sarcoma ena ofewa a minofu |
| Khansa ya m'mimba | Khansa ya m'mimba, khansa ya m'mimba |
| Khansa ya njira yoberekera ya akazi | Khansa ya pachibelekero, khansa ya endometrial |
| Khansa ya mutu ndi khosi | Khansa ya m'mphuno, khansa ya m'mphuno |
| Khansa ya pakhungu | Khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'magazi ya squamous cell |
| Khansa ya chithokomiro | Khansa ya chithokomiro ya Anaplastic, khansa ya chithokomiro ya Medullary |
| Khansa ya mkodzo | Khansa ya chikhodzodzo, Khansa ya impso |
Kodi chithandizochi n'choyenera aliyense?
Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Chithandizo cholunjika sichili choyenera odwala onse a khansa. Chifukwa, kuti chithandizochi chigwire ntchito, "cholinga" chomwe takambirana kale chiyenera kukhala m'maselo a khansa. Chithandizochi ndi choyenera kwa inu pokhapokha ngati pali kusintha kwa majini kapena mapuloteni mu mtundu wanu wa khansa omwe angayang'aniridwe ndi mankhwala. Dokotala wanu adzachita mayeso ofunikira ndikusankha ngati chithandizochi chili choyenera khansa yanu kapena ayi.
Momwe chithandizochi chimaperekedwera komanso zomwe mungayembekezere
Pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya mankhwala ochiritsira, kotero njira yoperekera mankhwalawa imatha kusiyana.
- Monga mapiritsi: Mankhwala ambiri amapezeka ngati mapiritsi omwe amamezedwa.
- Monga jakisoni (jakisoni): Mankhwala ena amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni pansi pa khungu.
- Kudzera mu saline (IV): Mankhwala ena amaperekedwa m'thupi kudzera mu saline solution yomwe imaperekedwa mumtsempha.
Ndondomeko ya chithandizo imasiyananso malinga ndi mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa. Mungafunike kumwa tsiku lililonse, sabata iliyonse, kapena mwezi uliwonse. Mankhwala ena amakhala osalekeza, pomwe ena amakhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni.
Pa nthawi ya chithandizo chanu, dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anani nthawi zonse. Panthawiyi, akhoza kuyesa magazi, X-ray, ndi CT scan kuti aone momwe mukuchitira komanso ngati chithandizocho chikugwira ntchito. Dokotalayo adzakufunsaninso za zotsatirapo zilizonse za chithandizocho ndikukupatsani upangiri ndi chithandizo chilichonse chofunikira.
Kodi zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zotani?
Ngakhale kuti chithandizo cholunjika sichingavulaze maselo athanzi, chingayambitsebe zotsatirapo zake. Komabe, nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zosiyana ndi zotsatirapo za chemotherapy. Zotsatirapo zomwe mumakumana nazo zimadalira mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa komanso mtundu wa thupi lanu.
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala |
|---|
| Kutsegula m'mimba |
| Khungu louma kapena ziphuphu |
| Ma enzymes okwera a chiwindi - Izi zitha kuzindikirika kudzera mu mayeso a magazi. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP) |
| Kuchira kwa bala mochedwa |
| Kutuluka magazi m'mimba kapena m'matumbo (magazi m'chimbudzi kapena ndowe zakuda) |
| Magazi amaundana |
| Matenda a mtima (monga arrhythmia) |
| Kusintha kwa mtundu wa tsitsi |
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuuza dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zina, ngakhale zitakhala zazing'ono. Ngati chinachake chili choopsa kuposa momwe mukuganizira, musaope kulankhula za icho. Gulu lachipatala lidzakuthandizani kupeza mankhwala oyenera kapena chithandizo china.
Kodi Thandizo Lolunjika Kapena Chemotherapy Ndilabwino?
Funso limeneli ndi limene anthu ambiri amakhala nalo. Sizingatheke kunena motsimikiza kuti chimodzi ndi "chabwino" kuposa china. Zimatengera wodwala, mtundu wa khansa, ndi zinthu zina zambiri.
- Chithandizo cholunjika: Chithandizo cholunjika chimakhala cholondola kwambiri chifukwa chimangoyang'ana maselo a khansa okha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo athanzi asawonongeke kwambiri.
- Kusintha: Komabe, monga tanenera kale, chithandizo cholunjika sichili choyenera aliyense. Kwa munthu wopanda "cholinga" choyenera, chemotherapy ikadali chithandizo chopambana komanso chothandiza.
- Mankhwala osakaniza: Nthawi zina, kupereka chithandizo cholunjika ndi chemotherapy pamodzi kungapereke zotsatira zabwino kuposa kupereka chimodzi chokha.
Pamapeto pake, dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu. Iye adzayang'ana zolemba zanu zonse zachipatala ndi mtundu wa khansa yanu ndikukufotokozerani njira zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungapeze.
Chithandizo cholunjika ndi njira yatsopano yochiritsira khansa. Pamene asayansi akupitilizabe kuvumbula zinsinsi za majini a maselo a khansa, njira zolondola komanso zothandiza zikupangidwa tsiku lililonse. Mutha kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza chithandizochi. Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu za izi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Targeted Therapy ndi njira yapamwamba yochizira khansa yomwe imakhudza anthu omwe ali m'maselo a khansa okha, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi.
- Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito poyang'ana kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa maselo a khansa kukula ndikugawikana.
- Zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zosiyana ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndipo zingaphatikizepo mavuto a pakhungu, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Chithandizochi sichiyenera wodwala khansa aliyense. Chimadalira majini a khansa yanu.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu wa khansa za njira zonse zochiritsira zomwe zilipo, zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment