Ndizachibadwa kumva kutopa komanso kuda nkhawa mwana wanu akapezeka ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri m'maganizo mwanu, monga "Ndichite chiyani tsopano?" "Kodi tsogolo la mwana wanga lidzakhala bwanji?" Koma musadandaule. Chofunika ndichakuti simuli nokha, ndipo pali mankhwala ambiri omwe alipo masiku ano omwe angathandize ana awa kukulitsa luso lawo, kuthana ndi zizindikiro zawo, ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Matenda a Autism si matenda ofanana ndi matenda onse. Ali ngati matenda a spectrum. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chomwecho kwa mwana mmodzi sichingakhale choyenera kwa wina. Chithandizo chimasankhidwa kutengera zosowa za mwana wanu payekha, zovuta zake, ndi mphamvu zake. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala onsewa ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro za mwana wanu ndikupereka chithandizo chokwanira pakuphunzira kwake komanso kukula kwake konse.
Mankhwala omwe amathandiza khalidwe ndi kulankhulana bwino
Izi ndi njira zazikulu komanso zofunika kwambiri zochizira matenda a autism. Amayesetsa kukulitsa luso la mwana locheza ndi anthu, luso lolankhulana, komanso machitidwe ake.
Kusanthula Khalidwe Logwiritsidwa Ntchito (ABA)
Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masukulu ndi m'zipatala. Mwachidule, imathandiza kuwonjezera khalidwe labwino la mwana ndikuchepetsa khalidwe loipa . Njirayi imatha kukulitsa maluso osiyanasiyana, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutengera zosowa za mwana.
- Maphunziro Oyesera Osayang'ana Pang'ono (DTT): Izi zimaphatikizapo kukulitsa luso kudzera m'maphunziro osavuta komanso kulimbikitsa bwino mwanayo akachita bwino.
- Maphunziro Ofunika Kwambiri (PRT): Cholinga cha izi ndikulimbikitsa mwana kuphunzira ndikulankhulana ndi ena.
- Kuyambitsa Matenda a TENS ndi Behavioral Intervention (EIBI): Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono osakwana zaka 5.
- Kulankhulana ndi Khalidwe (VBI): Izi makamaka zimayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa luso la chilankhulo ndi kulankhula la mwana.
| Njira yochizira | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Nthawi yogona pansi (mtundu wa DIR) | Pa izi, makolo amakhala pansi ndi mwana wawo ndikusewera masewera omwe amakonda. Cholinga chake ndi kulowa m'dziko la mwana ndikusewera naye, kukulitsa malingaliro awo ndi luso lawo lolankhulana. |
| Njira Yophunzitsira | Iyi ndi njira yochokera ku zizindikiro zooneka. Mwachitsanzo, makadi ojambulira zithunzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga momwe mungavalire diresi. |
| PECS (Njira Yolumikizirana Zithunzi) | Iyi ndi njira yowonera. Koma apa, m'malo mwa zithunzi, zizindikiro zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudzera mu zizindikirozi, mwana amaphunzira kufunsa mafunso ndikupempha zomwe akufuna. |
| Chithandizo cha Ntchito | Chithandizochi chimaphunzitsa mwana maluso a moyo monga kudya, kuvala, ndi kusamba yekha. Cholinga chake ndikuthandiza mwanayo kukhala payekha momwe angathere. |
| Chithandizo Chophatikizana ndi Kumva | Ana ena sakonda kuwala kowala, phokoso linalake, kapena kukhudzidwa, ndipo amakhala ndi nkhawa. Chithandizochi chimawathandiza kuthana ndi kulekerera chidziwitso chotere cha malingaliro. |
Thandizo kuchokera ku Mankhwala
Choyamba kukumbukira ndi chakuti palibe mankhwala a autism, ndipo palibe mankhwala enieni a autism.
Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani madokotala amalemba mankhwala? Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavuto ena omwe angabwere chifukwa cha autism. Mwachitsanzo, mkwiyo wopitirira muyeso ndi khalidwe laukali lomwe ana ena amakumana nalo, kusowa tulo, ndi zina zotero.Mankhwala angathandize kuwongolera zinthu monga kusokonezeka kwa chidwi, khunyu, kapena kuvutika maganizo.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ngati mankhwala aperekedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ochiritsira omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
Pakadali pano, bungwe la FDA ku United States lavomereza mitundu iwiri yokha ya mankhwala a ana omwe ali ndi autism.
1. Risperidone (Risperdal): Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti achepetse mkwiyo ndi nkhanza kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 16.
2. Aripiprazole (Abilify): Mankhwalawa angaperekedwe kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 17.
Kuwonjezera pa izi, nthawi zina madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala ena (monga SSRIs, mankhwala oletsa nkhawa), koma savomerezedwa mwachindunji kwa autism.
Choncho, chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti dokotala wanu yekha ndiye ayenera kusankha ngati mwana wanu akufunikira mankhwala, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, zomwe angamupatse. Musapatse mwana wanu mankhwala aliwonse popanda uphungu wa dokotala.
Tiyeni Tisamale ndi Zakudya Zopatsa Thanzi
Akatswiri sanalimbikitse zakudya zinazake kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la autism, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mwana alandire zakudya zoyenera.
Makolo ena amayesa kuchotsa zakudya za mkaka zokhala ndi gluten ndi casein m'zakudya za ana awo kuti aone ngati zizindikirozo zikuchepa. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku wasayansi amene wasonyeza kuti kuchotsa zakudya zimenezi kumabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro za autism.
Ndipotu, kuchepetsa zinthu monga mkaka kungalepheretse mwana kupeza zakudya zofunika kuti mafupa ake akule bwino komanso kufooketsa mafupa ake. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ana omwe ali ndi vuto la autism nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafupa owonda pang'ono kuposa ana wamba, choncho ndikofunikira kuwapatsa zakudya zokhala ndi calcium yambiri, yomwe imalimbitsa mafupa.
Choncho, ndi bwino kufunsa katswiri wa zakudya kapena katswiri wa zakudya kuti apange dongosolo labwino la chakudya lomwe likugwirizana ndi zosowa za mwana wanu. Kenako mutha kuonetsetsa kuti mwana wanu akupeza zakudya zonse zofunika.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a autistic si matenda, koma ndi vuto lomwe lingathetsedwe ndi chithandizo. Musadandaule, pali njira zambiri zothandizira mwana wanu.
- Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana, kotero dongosolo la chithandizo lidzasiyana malinga ndi mwana. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti musankhe chomwe chikugwirizana ndi mwana wanu.
- Njira zochiritsira zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi kulankhulana ndi njira zazikulu zochiritsira. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa luso la mwana.
- Palibe mankhwala enieni a autism. Mankhwala amaperekedwa kokha kuti achepetse zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi matendawa (monga mkwiyo, kusowa tulo). Musapereke mankhwala aliwonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Musayese kudya zakudya zosatsimikizika (monga zopanda gluten). Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zakudya kuti akuuzeni za zakudya zoyenera.
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