Kodi n'kovuta kuti mwana wanu kapena wachibale wanu afotokoze maganizo ndi malingaliro awo? Kodi mukuda nkhawa ndi munthu amene ali ndi vuto lalikulu la autism kapena vuto lina lolankhula? Ngati ndi choncho, mwina munamvapo za njira yotchedwa "facilitated communication " yomwe imanenedwa kuti imathandiza anthuwa. Imatchedwanso "supported typing." Kotero lero, tiyeni tikambirane za njira iyi kwenikweni, komanso ngati ndi yothandiza kapena yovulaza.
Kodi "Kulankhulana Kothandiza" (FC) n'chiyani?
Mwachidule, Kulankhulana Kosavuta (FC) ndi njira yothandiza munthu amene sangathe kulankhula, ndi chithandizo chakuthupi ndi chamaganizo cha munthu wina (wothandizira), kuti alankhule pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo. Chipangizochi chingakhale kiyibodi ya kompyuta, foni yam'manja, kapena bolodi losindikizidwa.
Njira imeneyi inayamba kupangidwa ku Australia ndi Denmark m'zaka za m'ma 1970. Panthawiyo, inayambitsidwa kuti ithandize anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo. Pambuyo pake, ku Australia, njira imeneyi inkagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism.
"Wotsogolera" ndi wofunika kwambiri munjira imeneyi. Iye ndiye amene amapatsa munthu chilimbikitso chamaganizo komanso chithandizo chakuthupi pang'ono. Popereka chithandizochi, wotsogolera akuti amasamala zinthu monga momwe munthuyo amakhalira komanso momwe amamuyang'anira m'maso. Nthawi zambiri, wotsogolera sapereka chithandizo chokwanira, monga kukankhira dzanja pang'ono. Komabe, nthawi zina, ngati pakufunika thandizo lochulukirapo, wotsogolerayo amamugwira dzanja kapena chigongono cha munthuyo ndikumuthandiza kulemba pa kiyibodi.
Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa izi ndi kotani?
Poyamba, njira iyi ingawoneke ngati ili ndi zabwino zingapo. Makamaka, omwe amathandizira njira iyi amanena kuti ubwino waukulu ndi wakuti imapatsa munthu amene sangathe kulankhula mwayi woti afotokoze maganizo ake. Komabe, pali mkangano waukulu wokhudza njira iyi. Poyerekeza ndi umboni wa sayansi, kuipa ndi zoopsa za njira iyi ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zabwino zomwe zimanenedwa.
Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili kuti timvetse bwino zinthu izi.
| Ubwino Wotchulidwa | Zoyipa Zazikulu & Zoopsa Zenizeni |
|---|---|
| Amene satha kulankhula amapeza mwayi wopereka maganizo awo. | Palibe umboni wa sayansi: Palibe umboni wodalirika wotsimikizira kuti luso lolankhulana palokha limakula ndi njira iyi. |
| Wokhoza kulemba ziganizo zonse komanso zomveka bwino. | Mphamvu ya wothandizira: Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti uthenga wolembedwa si wochokera kwa wodwala, koma kwa wothandizira . Wothandizira amathanso kulemba zomwe zili m'maganizo mwake osazindikira. |
| Mudzatha kuyankha mafunso okhudza zosowa zanu. | Kutaya ufulu: Ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi luso lolankhulana pang'onopang'ono, njira imeneyi ingamupangitse kukhala wosachitapo kanthu komanso wodalira ena. |
| Zimathandiza kukulitsa luso la manja labwino. | Kuphwanya ufulu wachinsinsi: Chifuniro cha wodwalayo, ufulu wachinsinsi, ndi kudziwonetsera yekha zitha kusokonezedwa ndi njira iyi, chifukwa malingaliro a wina akufotokozedwa m'dzina lawo. |
| Mungathe kulankhulana ndi ena. | Mapeto olakwika: Wothandizira akalemba ziganizo zovuta mosadziwa, angaganize molakwika kuti luso la wodwalayo lakula ndipo angawatumize njira zophunzitsira zomwe sizili zoyenera kwa iwo. |
Mfundo ya sayansi: Kodi izi zikugwiradi ntchito?
Yankho lalifupi la funsoli ndi "ayi." Kulankhulana Kosavuta kumaonedwa ngati njira yosavomerezeka yomwe yakanidwa pafupifupi ndi gulu la asayansi.
Mabungwe ambiri otsogola azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi, mabungwe ophunzitsa, ndi magulu olimbikitsa matenda a autism savomereza njira imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe odziwika bwino monga American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) ndi American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) avomereza momveka bwino kuti asagwiritse ntchito njira imeneyi.
Mu kafukufuku wolamulidwa womwe akatswiri adachita, zapezeka kuti anthu ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya FC samayang'ana ngakhale kiyibodi akamanena kuti akulemba. Izi zikuwonjezera kukayikira kuti wothandizira ndiye akuwongolera uthengawo.
Tangoganizani ngati munthu amene akugwira dzanja la mwana wanu, popanda mwanayo kudziwa, atalemba chinthu chomwe chinali m'maganizo mwake? Sizikanakhala momwe mwanayo akumvera . Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu komanso loopsa kwambiri ndi dongosololi.
Kodi pali njira zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Inde, zilipo. Pali njira zambiri zodziwika bwino komanso zopambana zolumikizirana (AAC) zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism ndi matenda ena olankhula. Izi zikuphatikizapo njira monga Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), mapulogalamu apadera, ndi zida zamakono. Kulankhulana Kothandiza si imodzi mwa njira zotsimikizika izi. Chifukwa chake, musasokoneze njira ziwirizi.
Ndiye tiyenera kuchita chiyani?
Ngati wokondedwa wanu akukumana ndi mavuto olankhulana, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake kapena katswiri wolankhula, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsutsana komanso zosatsimikizika ngati zimenezi.
Adzayesa molondola matenda a mwana wanu kapena wachibale wanu ndipo adzakupatsani njira yoyenera, yovomerezeka ndi sayansi, komanso yotetezeka yolankhulirana nawo.
Nthawi zina, mumamva nkhani monga "Izi zinapangitsa mwana wathu kulankhula." Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'ana zoona za sayansi zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa nkhani zonsezi. Chifukwa chisankho cholakwika chomwe timapanga chifukwa cha kusadziwa chingawononge miyoyo ya okondedwa athu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kulankhulana Kosavuta (FC) ndi njira yosavomerezeka mwasayansi, yokanidwa. Mabungwe ambiri azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi salimbikitsa izi.
- Pali umboni wamphamvu wakuti mauthenga omwe amalembedwa mwanjira imeneyi nthawi zambiri amachokera kwa wothandizira, osati kwa wodwala.Izi zitha kuchitika popanda wothandizira kudziwa.
- Dongosolo la FC lingawononge ufulu wa munthu, chinsinsi chake, komanso ufulu wake wofotokoza maganizo ake enieni.
- Ngati mwana wanu kapena wachibale wanu ali ndi vuto lolankhulana , nthawi zonse funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yolankhula. Adzakupatsani njira zodalirika komanso zotsimikizika mwasayansi.
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