Zinthu Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Thalassemia

Kodi munamvapo munthu m'banja mwanu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akunena kuti ali ndi "kusowa magazi m'thupi"? Nthawi zina amamva kutopa nthawi zonse, khungu lawo limawoneka lotuwa komanso losalala. Kodi izi zingakhale kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwabwinobwino? Inde, sizingakhale zachilendo, zitha kukhala matenda obadwa nawo m'magazi otchedwa thalassemia. Musachite mantha mukamva dzinali. Ili si matenda opatsirana. Tiyeni tikambirane chilichonse mosavuta komanso momveka bwino.

Kodi thalassemia kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, thalassemia ndi matenda a magazi omwe timalandira kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Munthu amene ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi maselo ofiira a magazi abwinobwino komanso mapuloteni otchedwa hemoglobin .

Taganizirani izi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi ntchito yotumizira mpweya m'thupi lathu lonse. Hemoglobin ili ngati bokosi lapadera lomwe limanyamula mpweya umenewo ndikuunyamula. Mwa munthu amene ali ndi thalassemia, magalimoto otumizira mpweya (maselo ofiira a m'magazi) ndi mabokosi a mpweya (hemoglobin) awa amakhala opanda kuchuluka, kapena pali vuto linalake. Chifukwa chake, si ziwalo zonse za thupi zomwe zimalandira mpweya wokwanira. Timatchanso kuti kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi .

Thalassemia ili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Mwina munamvapo mayina awa:

• Alpha thalassemia
• Beta thalassemia
• Kuchepa kwa magazi kwa Cooley
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ku Mediterranean

Kodi thalassemia imayamba bwanji? Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Thalassemia si matenda omwe tingapeze kudzera mu chakudya, madzi, kapena kuchokera kwa munthu wina. Ndi matenda omwe amapatsira ana kuchokera kwa makolo kudzera m'majini.

Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu opangira puloteni yotchedwa hemoglobin. Ndi alpha globin ndi beta globin. "Chinsinsi" chopangira izi chili m'majini athu. Ngati pali cholakwika m'majini awa (cholakwika mu njira yophikira), thupi silidzatha kupanga hemoglobin yathanzi monga momwe likufunikira.

• Ngati mwalandira jini yolakwika kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi lokha: Mutha kukhala ndi jini yonyamulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina mulibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zochepa, koma mutha kupatsira jini yolakwika kwa ana anu.
• Ngati mwalandira jini yolakwika kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri: Mutha kukhala ndi thalassemia yofatsa, yapakati, kapena yoopsa.

Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu m'maiko aku Asia monga Sri Lanka, Middle East, Africa, ndi mayiko a Mediterranean monga Greece ndi Turkey.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya thalassemia ndi iti?

Thalassemia imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, kutengera gawo liti la hemoglobin lomwe lili ndi vuto.

Mitundu ya Alpha Thalassemia

• Mkhalidwe wa chonyamulira: Kukhala ndi jini imodzi yolakwika. Palibe zizindikiro.
• Alpha Thalassemia Minor: Ili ndi majini awiri olakwika. Zizindikiro zake sizipezeka kapena zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
• Matenda a Hemoglobin H: Ali ndi majini atatu olakwika. Zizindikiro zapakati mpaka zazikulu.
• Alpha Thalassemia Major: Kukhala ndi majini onse anayi olakwika. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Mwana nthawi zambiri amamwalira m'mimba kapena atangobadwa kumene.

Mitundu ya Beta Thalassemia

• Beta Thalassemia Minor: Kukhala ndi jini imodzi yolakwika. Palibe kapena zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri (mkhalidwe wa chonyamulira).
• Beta Thalassemia Intermedia: Ili ndi majini awiri olakwika. Zizindikiro zochepa.
• Beta Thalassemia Major / Cooley's Anemia: Kupezeka kwa majini awiri olakwika. Ili ndi vuto lomwe lili ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za thalassemia ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa thalassemia womwe muli nawo komanso kuopsa kwake. Anthu ena sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Mu mitundu yoopsa, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mwana asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri.

Izi ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa
• Kuvuta kupuma , kupuma movutikira
• Chizungulire ndi kufooka
• Khungu lotumbululuka kapena lachikasu
• Mkodzo wakuda
• Chilakolako cha chakudya
• Kukula mochedwa komanso kutha msinkhu mwa ana
• Kawonekedwe kosayenera ka nkhope (makamaka pamphumi ndi mafupa a masaya)
• Mimba yotuluka (chifukwa cha chiwindi kapena ndulu yokulirapo)
• Mutu wopweteka pafupipafupi
• Kufooka kwa mafupa ndi kusweka mosavuta

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati muli ndi thalassemia?

Kawirikawiri, ngati mulibe zizindikiro, vutoli limapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse pazifukwa zina. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani ndikufunsani za mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu.

Pambuyo pake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mayeso apadera a magazi, monga:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Okwanira (CBC): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi ndi hemoglobin m'magazi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi thalassemia.
• Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Izi zingathandize kudziwa mitundu yeniyeni ya hemoglobin yomwe ili m'magazi anu komanso kuchuluka kwa iliyonse.
• Kuyesa Majini: Kuyesa kumeneku kumathandiza kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa thalassemia womwe uli nawo.

Kuzindikira matenda panthawi ya mimba

Ngati inu kapena mnzanu muli ndi matenda a thalassemia, mutha kuyesa mwana wanu kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matendawa asanabadwe.

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa Chorionic Villus (CVS): Chitsanzo chaching'ono cha placenta chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa pafupifupi milungu 11 ya mimba.
• Amniocentesis: Pakatha milungu 16 ya mimba, chitsanzo cha madzi amniotic ozungulira mwana chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa.

Ngati vutoli lapezeka, mudzatumizidwa kwa dokotala wa matenda a magazi.

Kodi mankhwala a thalassemia ndi ati?

Chithandizo chimadalira kuopsa kwa vutoli. Munthu amene ali ndi vuto lochepa monga thalassemia minor sangafunike chithandizo chilichonse, koma milandu yoopsa imafuna chithandizo cha moyo wonse.

Njira zazikulu zochizira ndi izi:

1. Kuika Magazi

Odwala omwe ali ndi thalassemia yoopsa amafunika kuikidwa magazi kuti apeze maselo ofiira a magazi abwino komanso hemoglobin. Nthawi zambiri amafunika kuikidwa magazi milungu iwiri kapena inayi iliyonse . Izi zimawapatsa mphamvu zopitirizira ntchito zawo zachizolowezi popanda kutopa.

2. Chithandizo cha Chelation

Chifukwa cha kupereka magazi pafupipafupi komanso matenda, kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'thupi kumatha kuwonjezeka mosafunikira. Timatcha izi kuti "Kuchuluka kwa Iron." Chitsulo chowonjezerachi chingasonkhanitsidwe m'ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga mtima ndi chiwindi ndikuziwononga.

3. Mankhwala ena

• Kusamutsa Bone Marrow kapena Stem Cell: Kusamutsa bowel kuchokera kwa munthu wathanzi kungathe kuchiritsa thalassemia kwathunthu. Komabe, izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zoopsa komanso zovuta kupeza wopereka woyenera.
• Opaleshoni: Odwala ena ali ndi ndulu yokulirapo, yomwe imafunika kuchotsedwa opaleshoni (splenectomy).
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala monga `Luspatercept (Reblozyl)` ndi `Hydroxyurea` amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi ndikuwongolera zizindikiro.
• Zakudya Zowonjezera: Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mavitamini monga folic acid, omwe amathandiza kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi. Komabe, musamwe zakudya zowonjezera zachitsulo popanda upangiri wa dokotala pazifukwa zilizonse.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi thanzi labwino ndi thalassemia?

Kusamalira zinthu izi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu amene ali ndi matenda a thalassemia akhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wachimwemwe.

• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu: Tsatirani chithandizo cha dokotala wanu monga momwe mwalangizidwira, pa nthawi yake, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwapita kuzipatala.
• Zakudya Zopatsa Thanzi: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini wambiri (nyama, nsomba, nyemba) ndi zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini wambiri.
• Katemera: Pezani katemera wonse womwe dokotala wanu akukulangizani, makamaka ngati katemera wa chimfine, chifukwa mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi:Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi opepuka omwe amagwirizana ndi thupi lanu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
• Ukhondo: Pewani anthu odwala. Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri.
• Pewani kusuta fodya ndi mowa: Izi ndi zoipa ku mtima ndi mafupa anu.
• Thanzi la maganizo: Kukhala ndi matenda osatha kungakuchititseni kutopa kwambiri. Ngati mukumva kupsinjika maganizo kapena chisoni, lankhulani ndi banja lanu, anzanu, kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .