Tonsefe tili ndi mantha kwinakwake m'mitima mwathu kuti makolo athu, kapena ife eni, tidzayamba kuiwala zinthu tikamakula. Lingaliro lotaya kukumbukira ndi luso lathu loganiza bwino ndi loopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ukalamba ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kutayika kukumbukira, kapena matenda amisala, tsopano pali nkhani ina yokhudza chiopsezo. Ndiko kuti, mankhwala ena omwe timagwiritsa ntchito pa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kodi mankhwala oletsa cholinergic awa ndi ati?
Mwachidule, mankhwala oletsa cholinergic ndi gulu la mankhwala. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku chomera chotchedwa Belladonna. Chomerachi chingakhale poizoni pamlingo winawake. Komabe, mankhwala omwe ali mu chomerachi amatha kulamulira, kapena kuletsa, ntchito ya mitsempha yathu pamlingo wina, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala olamulidwa.
Tangoganizirani, dongosolo lathu la mitsempha lili ngati netiweki ya mitsempha yofalikira m'thupi lonse. Ubongo wathu ndiye malo ofunikira kwambiri. Malamulo operekedwa kuchokera pamenepo amapita ku thupi lonse kudzera m'maselo a mitsempha awa. Chilichonse kuyambira kuyenda kwathu, kuganiza, kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, kugona, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu zathu zisanu zamaganizo zimayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo la mitsempha ili.
Pali mankhwala omwe amatumiza mauthenga kudzera mu dongosolo la mitsempha. Timawatcha kuti ma neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine ndi imodzi mwa mauthenga ofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala oletsa cholinergic amachita ndikuletsa uthengawu wotchedwa acetylcholine. Kudzera mu izi, ntchito zina za dongosolo la mitsempha zimayendetsedwa.
Mankhwala ambiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda.
| Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oletsa cholinergic | |
|---|---|
| Pa matenda ofala | |
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| Pa nthawi ya opaleshoni | |
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| Monga mankhwala ochizira poizoni | |
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Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
Mankhwalawa amabwera ngati mapiritsi, madontho a m'maso, ndi jakisoni. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:
- Diphenhydramine: Uwu ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ziwengo. Mankhwala aku Sri Lanka otchedwa Piriton ali ndi mankhwala ofanana otchedwa chlorpheniramine. Mankhwalawa alinso m'gulu lomwelo la mankhwala oletsa cholinergic.
- Benztropine: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Parkinson.
- Dicycloverine: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ululu wa m'mimba, makamaka m'matenda monga Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
- Oxybutynin: Mankhwala operekedwa kwa anthu omwe amavutika kulamulira mkodzo wawo.
- Hyoscyamine: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kupweteka kwa minofu ya m'mimba ndi chikhodzodzo.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a dementia ndi chiyani?
Matenda amisala ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amakhudza luso la munthu loganiza, kukumbukira, kapena kupanga zisankho. Ndi ofala kwambiri pakati pa okalamba.
Ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda a dementia, 60% - 80% ya matenda amenewa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's .
Vutoli lingakhudze munthu:
- Luso loyang'ana kwambiri
- Kulankhulana ndi ena (kulankhulana)
- Luso losankha chabwino kuchokera pa choipa (nzeru zodzisankhira)
- Kukumbukira
- Luso loganiza mwanzeru ndikuthetsa mavuto
Nthawi zina, mitundu ya matenda a dementia monga Alzheimer's ingayambitse kusintha kwa umunthu ndi khalidwe la munthu.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amisala?
- Zaka: Ukalamba ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa chiopsezo.
- Matenda a Mtima: Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yambiri, komanso sitiroko ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a dementia.
- Majini: Ngati wachibale wanu wapafupi adadwala matenda a Alzheimer's, chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa chingakwere ndi pafupifupi 10% - 30%.
- Kuvulala kwa Ubongo Koopsa: Kuvulala mutu kwambiri kapena kosalekeza kungapangitsenso kuti pakhale ngozi.
Koma nthawi zina kuiwalika kumeneku kungakhale kwakanthawi kochepa. Mankhwala ena, kusowa kwa mavitamini, ndi kusalingana kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kungayambitsenso kuiwalika kwakanthawi.
Ndiye kodi mankhwalawa amayambitsadi matenda amisala?
Ofufuza adachita kafukufuku wamkulu kuti adziwe. Uwu unali kafukufuku wa zaka khumi. Anthu pafupifupi 3,500 azaka zopitilira 65 adachita nawo izi. Palibe aliyense mwa anthuwa yemwe anali ndi matenda a dementia pamene kafukufukuyu adayamba.
Ofufuzawo adasunga zolemba za mankhwala onse omwe ophunzirawo adamwa, omwe adapatsidwa ndi dokotala komanso omwe amapezeka mu kauntala, monga piridine. Adayesa luso la kukumbukira ndi kuganiza la ophunzirawo zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Pofika kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu, anthu 797 mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali anali atadwala matenda a dementia. Mwa iwo, 637 anali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
Pofufuza deta iyi, ofufuzawo adapeza chinthu chodabwitsa. Anapeza mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa cholinergic ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la dementia . Anapezanso kuti munthu akagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, chiopsezo chawo chotenga matenda a dementia chimawonjezeka .
Mwachitsanzo, zinapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mankhwalawa, monga omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mosalekeza kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu pa mlingo wamba wa tsiku ndi tsiku, anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's kuposa omwe sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.
N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?
Limodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu ndi lakuti limakhudzana ndi neurotransmitter acetylcholine, yomwe mwachibadwa imakhala yochepa muubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer. Ndipotu, mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Alzheimer amagwira ntchito powonjezera kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine muubongo.
Choncho, mankhwala oletsa cholinergic amaletsa acetylcholine messenger, kotero ofufuza akuganiza kuti ndicho chifukwa chake. Koma kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika pankhaniyi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala ena omwe amaperekedwa pa matenda ofala monga ziwengo, kuvutika maganizo, kusadziletsa mkodzo, ndi kupweteka m'mimba akhoza kukhala m'gulu la mankhwala oletsa cholinergic.
- Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amenewa kwa nthawi yayitali m'milingo yambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amisala, makamaka kwa okalamba.
- Izi sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense amene amwa mankhwalawa adzakhala ndi vuto la dementia. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani nokha. Kuchita zimenezi kungapangitse kuti vuto lanu likhale loipa kwambiri.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mafunso okhudza mankhwala omwe mukumwa, makamaka mankhwala a nthawi yayitali ngati awa, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wa banja lanu. Iye akhoza kuwunika zoopsa zanu payekhapayekha ndipo, ngati pakufunika, angakupatseni njira ina yoyenera kwa inu.
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