Ni nde muganga w’indwara z’amaraso? Reka twige kuri ibi!

Ese wigeze wumva `( umuganga w’amaraso )`? Wenda muganga w’umuryango wawe yagutumye kubonana n’inzobere nk’iyo. Iyo ubyumvise, bamwe bumva bafite ubwoba kandi bafite ubwoba, bakibwira bati "Oh, sinzi niba mfite indwara ikomeye." Ariko se koko `(umuganga w’amaraso)` ni umuntu uhora areba indwara zikomeye nka kanseri? Reka tubiganireho neza.

Uyu `(Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso)` ni nde? Mu by'ukuri...

Mu magambo make, "Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso" ni umuganga wihariye mu ndwara zijyanye n'amaraso yacu, umwororo w'amagufwa, n'urusobe rw'amaraso . Ubu ni ubundi buhanga mu buvuzi bwitwa "Ubuvuzi bw'imbere." Nk'uko hari abaganga batandukanye bihariye mu mikorere itandukanye mu mubiri wacu, uyu ni we muganga wihariye mu bintu byose bifitanye isano n'amaraso.

Ni iki `(Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso)` akora?

Izi nzobere zifasha mu gusuzuma, kuvura no kuvura indwara zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw’amaraso yacu. Zimwe muri izi ndwara z’amaraso zishobora kuba mbi, bivuze ko atari kanseri. Zimwe zishobora no kuba mbi.

Tekereza kuri ibi, indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso zishobora kubangamira imigendere y'amaraso yacu, urugero, amaraso ashobora kuzura. Izindi ndwara zishobora no gutera kuva amaraso birenze ibisanzwe. Nubwo izi ndwara ziterwa n'amaraso na kanseri y'amaraso rimwe na rimwe zigaragaza ibimenyetso bito cyane, zimwe ni indwara zikomeye zishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niyo mpamvu ubufasha bw'inzobere nk'iyi ari ngombwa.

Ese "Umuganga w'amaraso" na "Umuganga w'indwara za kanseri" ni kimwe?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Oya, aba bombi si ko buri gihe baba ari umuntu umwe. Ariko, "Inzobere mu by'amaraso" ishobora no kuba inzobere mu bya kanseri "Inzobere mu by'indwara za kanseri".

Mu magambo make:

• Inzobere mu bya kanseri (`( Umuganga w’indwara za kanseri ni umuntu usuzuma akanavura ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri.
• Umuganga w’indwara z’amaraso yibanda cyane cyane ku bibazo bigira ingaruka ku maraso yacu no ku bice by’umubiri bifasha mu gukora amaraso (nk’umusemburo w’amagufwa n’urusobe rw’amaraso).

Ariko, hari isano isanzwe hagati y’izi nzego zombi. Kubera ko kanseri nyinshi z’amaraso zitangirira mu turemangingo tw’amaraso mu musemburo w’amagufwa yacu no muri sisitemu y’imitsi, abaganga bamwe bafite amahugurwa yihariye muri izo nzego zombi (`(Hematology/Oncology)`).

Ese kubonana na muganga w’indwara z’amaraso bivuze ko urwaye kanseri?

Oya, ntabwo ari byo rwose!Iki ni ikintu ugomba kuzirikana. Kuba woherejwe kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri .

Abaganga b'amaraso bavura ubwoko bwose bw'indwara z'amaraso. Muganga w'umuryango wawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'amaraso niba ufite ibisubizo bidasanzwe by'ibipimo by'amaraso. Urugero, niba ufite impinduka mu mubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso cyangwa urugero rw'amaraso agwa. Wibuke ko ibi bipimo by'ibanze by'amaraso atari ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye buri gihe.

Ni ryari nkwiye kubonana na muganga w’indwara z’amaraso?

Muganga wawe w’ibanze azajya akwohereza kwa muganga w’amaraso iyo abonye ko ibisubizo by’ibizamini byawe by’amaraso bisaba izindi nama z’inzobere. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ibisubizo by’ibanze by’ibizamini by’amaraso byonyine ntibishobora gusuzuma indwara ikomeye. Niyo mpamvu hakenewe ibindi bipimo n’inama z’inzobere.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu maraso?

Amaraso ni ingenzi kugira ngo imibiri yacu ikomeze kubaho. Tekereza kuri ibi:

• Uturemangingo dutukura dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu ngingo z'umubiri wacu kandi tugatanga imbaraga.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufasha ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri kurwanya indwara zandura.
• Platelets zifasha kugabanya no guhagarika kuva amaraso.
• Plasma ni amazi ahuza uturemangingo tw'amaraso.

Rero, niba ufite ikibazo cy'amaraso, bivuze ko igice kimwe cyangwa byinshi by'amaraso yawe bidakora neza. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso atari kanseri, ariko zishobora kuba zikomeye.

Indwara/indwara z'amaraso zitari kanseri (zitari mbi)

Izi si kanseri, ahubwo ni indwara zigira ingaruka ku maraso. Reka turebe ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Anemia : Ibi bibaho iyo uturemangingo dutukura tudafite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa anemia, ariko ubwoko bukunze kugaragara ni anemia ibura icyuma. Ibi bishobora gutuma wumva unaniwe igihe cyose ndetse ushobora no kumva uzumva umeze nk'uzumva.
• Indwara ya Von Willebrand : Iyi ni yo ndwara yo kuva amaraso ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
• Hemofiliya : Iyi ni indwara y'amaraso ivuka mu muryango. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'amaraso bwo kuvura. Ndetse n'igikomere gito gishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi.
• Anemia yo mu bwoko bwa sickle cell (`(Anemia yo mu bwoko bwa sickle cell)`): Iyi nayo ni indwara umuntu avukana. Muri ibi, imiterere y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso irahinduka, nk'umuhoro.
• Thalassemia : Thalassemia nayo ni indwara y'amaraso ivuka mu buryo bw'umurage. Igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri bwo gukora hemoglobine n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza.

Ubwoko busanzwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri y'amaraso. Dukurikije ishyirahamwe ryita ku ndwara ya kanseri y'amaraso (Leukemia & Lymphoma Society), ubwoko butatu bukunze kugaragara bwa kanseri y'amaraso ni ubu:

• Leukemia : Iyi ni kanseri yo mu maraso ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ni na yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana n'urubyiruko. Inkuru nziza ni uko igipimo cy'ubuzima bw'imyaka itanu ku bantu bakira iyi ndwara cyikubye kane mu myaka 40 ishize.
• Lymphoma : Lymphoma ni kanseri y’imitsi yawe. Igipimo cyo kubaho kw’abantu bakira iyi ndwara cyikubye kabiri mu myaka 40 ishize.
• Myeloma : Myeloma ni kanseri itangirira mu musemburo w'amagufwa yawe ikagera ku tunyangingo twa plasma. Abantu barenga kimwe cya kabiri bagaragayeho myeloma baramba nyuma y'imyaka itanu basanzwe bayirwaye.

Hariho izindi ndwara nyinshi za kanseri y'amaraso muri buri imwe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amashuri busabwa kugira ngo umuntu abe ``(Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso)``?

Buri muganga agomba kwiga imyaka ine mu ishuri ry’ubuganga kugira ngo ahabwe impamyabumenyi y’ubuganga. Kugira ngo ube "umuhanga mu by’amaraso", ugomba guhabwa andi mahugurwa:

• Amahugurwa y'imyaka itatu yo gutura (`(Residency)`) : Aya ni amahugurwa y'ubuganga nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo. Aya mahugurwa akorwa hakoreshejwe gukorana n'abarwayi. Abaganga benshi ba `(Inzobere mu by'amaraso)` barangiza aya mahugurwa yo gutura mu `(Ubuvuzi bw'imbere)` cyangwa `(Pediatrics`).
• Ubusabane: Iki ni igihe cy'imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu cy'amahugurwa yihariye mu ishami ry'ubuvuzi runaka. Muri iki gihe, abaganga bahabwa amahugurwa yihariye mu bijyanye n'amaraso, cyangwa indwara z'amaraso. Hari abaganga bakora amahugurwa ya Oncology hamwe na Hematology.

Ubwoko bw'amahugurwa y'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi bw'amaraso

Abaganga bashobora kwibanda ku nzego zitandukanye z'ishami rya "Hematology":

• Inzobere mu kuvura indwara z'amaraso ku bantu bakuru : Aya mahugurwa agufasha kuvura indwara z'amaraso, indwara z'umusemburo w'amagufwa, n'indwara z'imitsi ifata abantu bakuru.
• Ubumenyi bw'amaraso mu bana : Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, aya mahugurwa agamije kuvura abana bafite indwara z'amaraso.
• Inzobere mu gufunga amaraso (`(Gufunga amaraso)`) : Iri shami ryihariye mu ndwara zigira ingaruka ku kubumba amaraso.
• Inzobere mu ndwara z'amaraso na kanseri y'amaraso (`(Hematology/Oncology)`) : Aya mahugurwa agufasha kuvura indwara z'amaraso ndetse na kanseri y'amaraso.

Nyuma yo kurangiza aya mahugurwa yihariye, abaganga bemerewe kubona icyemezo cy’inama y’ubutegetsi gitangwa n’Inama y’Abanyamerika ishinzwe Ubuvuzi bw’imbere. (Abaganga b’indwara z’amaraso mu bana bemejwe n’Inama y’Abanyamerika ishinzwe Ubuvuzi bw’Abana.) Byongeye kandi, buri muganga agomba gutsinda ikizamini cy’impushya z’ubuvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no kubona uruhushya rutangwa na leta bakoreramo. Muri Sri Lanka, inzobere ziremwa binyuze mu buryo nk’ubwo bwemewe.

Ni iki wakwitega iyo ugiye kubonana na ``(Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso)``?

Urimo kujya kwa muganga w’amaraso kuko ibizamini byawe byerekana ikintu gifitanye isano n’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe. Umuganga wawe w’amaraso ashobora kuba yaragusabye ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku maraso yawe. Nujya kwa muganga, azakora ibi bikurikira:

• Baza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange .
• Baza ku mpinduka ziheruka mu mubiri wawe n'ibimenyetso (bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara y'amaraso).
• Nzasuzuma ibisubizo by'amaraso yawe hamwe nawe.
• Arasobanura icyo abona ari cyo cyateye iyo misaruro.
• Bazaganira ku bindi bizamini ushobora gukenera .
• Niba ashobora gusuzuma indwara, azasobanura indwara kandi amugire inama yo kuyivura .

Ni ibihe bipimo by'amaraso bikunze gupimwa?

Amaraso yacu afite ibice byinshi. Abaganga bashobora gupima amaraso yose uko yakabaye, cyangwa bagapima ibice bitandukanye by'amaraso ukwabyo. Dore bimwe mu bipimo bisanzwe abaganga b'amaraso bashobora gutumiza kugira ngo bamenye indwara y'amaraso cyangwa kanseri y'amaraso:

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC) : Iki ni ikizamini cy'ibanze cy'amaraso. Kibarura uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, uturemangingo tw'umweru, na plaquettes.
• Ikizamini cy'itandukaniro ry'amaraso : Iki gipimo kigenzura umubare wa buri bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Ibi bishobora gukorwa icyarimwe na CBC.
• Ikizamini cya Prothrombin (PTT) : Iki kizasuzuma uburyo amaraso yawe yihuta cyane.
• Umubare wa reticulocytes : Ibi bipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tukiri duto, tudakuze (reticulocytes) mu maraso yawe.
• Gupima amaraso mu maraso (PBS) : Muri ubu buryo, abaganga basuzuma uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura n’utw’umweru hamwe n’udupira tw’amaraso duto dukoresheje mikorosikopi.

Ni ibihe bipimo by'amaraso bya kanseri?

Gupima amaraso ya kanseri ni kimwe mu bikoresho byinshi abaganga bakoresha mu gusuzuma no kuvura kanseri. Inzobere mu by'amaraso ishobora gukoresha ibipimo by'amaraso kugira ngo:

• Suzuma mu maraso yawe niba hari imiti na poroteyine bigaragaza kanseri.
• Genzura urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso .
• IbyaweSuzuma uko ubuzima buhagaze muri rusange.

Niba urwaye kanseri y'amaraso, uzakenera gukorerwa ibindi bipimo by'amaraso. Muganga wawe (umuganga w'amaraso) azakoresha ibi bipimo kugira ngo:

• Gupima kanseri bifasha kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri . Iyo abaganga bapima kanseri, bareba ingano n'aho ikibyimba giherereye. Bakoresha ayo makuru kugira ngo bashyire kanseri mu cyiciro runaka, cyangwa icyiciro, cyanditseho imibare n'inyuguti. Gupima kanseri bigena icyiciro cyo kuvura kanseri.
• Afata icyemezo ku buryo bwo kuvura kanseri .
• Isuzuma niba indwara igenda irushaho kuba nziza cyangwa irushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita ndetse/cyangwa iyo umuntu avuwe.
• Igenzura niba kanseri yagarutse (`(isubira)`) .

Ni ibihe bibazo nkwiye kubaza umuganga wanjye w’amaraso?

Urimo kujya kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso kuko ibizamini by’amaraso byagaragaje ko hari ikibazo mu maraso yawe. Bityo rero ufite ibibazo byinshi. Dore bimwe mu bibazo ushobora gutekerezaho:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso yanjye byagaragaje iki?
• Ibyo bisubizo bivuze iki?
• Ingeso yanjye imeze ite?
• Ese iki kibazo kirakomeye?
• Impamvu y'iki kibazo ni iyihe?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kwitondera?
• Nkwiye gukora iki nimbona ibyo bimenyetso?
• Ese nkeneye gupimwa amaraso menshi cyangwa ibindi bipimo?
• Ni iki wifuza kubona muri ibi bizamini?
• Ni ryari nzakira ibisubizo by'ibizamini?
• Ese nzagomba gukora ibindi bizamini nyuma?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura wangiriye inama? Kuki?
• Ni ryari nzatangira kuvurwa? Bizamara igihe kingana iki?
• Ni iki nkwiye kumenya ku bijyanye n'imiti utanga?
• Hari ingaruka mbi?
• Ni izihe ngaruka n'inyungu z'ubu buvuzi?
• Ese hari ubundi buryo bwo kuvura?

Urimo kujya kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso kuko ibizamini bigaragaza ko uturemangingo tw’amaraso, umwotsi w’amagufwa, cyangwa sisitemu y’imitsi idakora neza. Ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’inzobere mu ndwara z’amaraso, harimo na kanseri y’amaraso. Niba ufite ibibazo ku bisubizo by’ibizamini byawe, baza muganga w’indwara z’amaraso ku bisubizo byabyo n’icyo arimo gukora kugira ngo amenye ikibitera. Azakwishimira gusubiza ibibazo byawe no gusobanura icyo wakora nyuma yaho. Ntutinye kubaza ikintu cyose kikuje mu mutwe. Ni uburenganzira bwawe.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

"Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso" ni umuganga wihariye mu ndwara ziterwa n'amaraso, kuva ku kubura amaraso kugeza kuri kanseri y'amaraso. Koherezwa kwa "Umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso" ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri buri gihe. Akenshi, ibisubizo by'isuzuma ry'amaraso ry'ibanze bizasobanurwa neza.

Igikuru ni ukuganira na muganga wawe nta guhishanya no kubaza ibibazo byose ufite. Gusobanukirwa neza ubuzima bwawe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubuvuzi bwawe bugende neza. Rero ntutinye, shaka amakuru ukeneye.

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