Tekereza ku ngirabuzimafatizo z'amaraso zitukura mu mubiri wawe nk''serivisi yo gutanga'' itwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe wose. Noneho, niba umubare w'izi ngirabuzimafatizo zitukura ugabanutse, cyangwa niba zidakora neza, ingingo z'umubiri ntizibona umwuka wa ogisijeni ukenewe. Iyi ni yo ndwara twita gusa 'anemia' cyangwa 'kubura amaraso'. Hanyuma uhora wumva unaniwe, ufite intege nke, kandi nta buzima ufite. Abenshi muri twe tuzi indwara ya anemia iterwa no kubura icyuma. Ariko hari n'ubwoko bwa anemia buterwa n'abantu bake cyane kandi tutarabyumva cyane. Uyu munsi, turaganira ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa anemia budasanzwe.
Aplastic Anemia ni iki?
Uturemangingo tw’amaraso yacu tugizwe n’uturemangingo tw’amaraso mu musemburo w’amagufwa. Izi ni zo mbuto z’umwimerere z’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twose. Ku muntu ufite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu musemburo w’amagufwa, utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso mu musemburo w’amagufwa turangirika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubiri ntushobora gukora uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso (uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw’umweru, na plaquettes) kugira ngo duhuze n’ibyo ukeneye.
Iyi ndwara ishobora kuvukanwa, bivuze ko ishobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu ngirabuzimafatizo z'ababyeyi. Cyangwa ishobora kuvuka mu buzima. Ubu bwoko bwa kabiri bukunze kugaragara. Hari igihe bushobora kuba ubw'igihe gito.
Impamvu ziturutse inyuma:
- Indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri nka lupus na rubagimpande.
- Guhura n'imiti nk'imiti yica udukoko, arsenic, na benzene. (Niba ukeka ko wanyoye imiti, hamagara ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe amakuru ku burozi mu bitaro by'igihugu bya Colombo.)
- Indwara nka hepatite, virusi ya Epstein-Barr, na virusi itera SIDA.
- Imirasire na chimiotherapie kuri kanseri.
Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara birimo guhumeka nabi, kuribwa umutwe, kuribwa umutwe, uruhu rwerurutse, kubabara mu gituza, tachycardia, no gukonja amaboko n'ibirenge. Ubuvuzi burimo guterwa amaraso no guterwa uturemangingo tw'umubiri.
Anemia ya Sideroblastic
Iyi nayo ni indwara y'amaraso. Ikibaho hano ni uko, nubwo umubiri ufite icyuma, udashobora gukoresha icyo cyuma mu gukora hemoglobin. Hemoglobine ni poroteyine ifasha uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso gutwara ogisijeni. Kubera ko icyuma kidashobora gukoreshwa, icyuma cyirundanya mu musokoro w'amagufwa maze kikarema ubwoko budasanzwe bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twitwa sideroblasts.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibi. Bumwe buterwa no guhura n'ibintu bikomoka ku kinyabutabire cyangwa imiti biturutse hanze. Ubundi buterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo ihererekanywa mu bisekuru, ibyo bigatuma hemoglobine ikorwa nabi. Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu gituza, umutima utera cyane, kuribwa umutwe, no kugorwa no guhumeka.
Igikuru ni ukumenya icyateye iyi ndwara. Iyo iyi ndwara itewe n'umuti cyangwa imiti runaka, igomba kwirindwa ku bujyanama bwa muganga.
Uburyo bwo kuvura Vitamine B6 no gutera umwongo mu magufwa nabyo ni uburyo bwo kuvura ibi.
Ubundi bwoko budasanzwe bw'amaraso adahagije
Uretse ubwoko bwavuzwe haruguru, hari ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa anemia tutarabyumva cyane. Reka turebere hamwe na bwo muri make.
| Ubwoko bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso | Ibisobanuro byoroshye | Ibintu bisanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Indwara ya Myelodysplastic (MDS) | Indwara aho umwongo w'amagufwa wangirika kandi ntushobore gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima. Iyi ifatwa nk'ubwoko bwa kanseri. | Kubyimba, kuva amaraso, kwandura, umuriro, ubukonje, umunaniro, kugabanya ibiro. |
| Anemia yo mu maraso iterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri | Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwite busenya uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, bukadusenya vuba kurusha uko twasimburwa. | Umunaniro, uruhu rwerurutse, umutima utera cyane, isereri, ubukonje, ububabare bw'umugongo, ihinduka ry'umuhondo w'uruhu (jaundice). |
| Anemia ya Megaloblastic | Uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso twakozwe n’umusemburo w’amagufwa tuba tunini cyane kandi tudakuze. Ibi bituma tudatwara umwuka wa ogisijeni. Biterwa no kubura vitamine B12 cyangwa B9 (folate). | Kuzunguruka, umunaniro, impiswi, isesemi, umutima utera vuba, kubabara imitsi, isesemi. |
| Anemia ya Fanconi | Indwara y’uturemangingo ihererekanywa mu bisekuruza. Umwobo w’amagufwa ntukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso duhagije. | Amano manini adasanzwe, gukomereka/kuva amaraso byoroshye, kwandura indwara kenshi, umutima, impyiko, ibibazo by'amagufwa, ibara ry'uruhu. Ingaruka zo kurwara kanseri (cyane cyane AML) ziyongera. |
Izindi ndwara zidasanzwe nka Diamond-Blackfan na CDA
- Anemia ya Diamond-Blackfan: Ibi kandi biterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo. Umwongo w'amagufwa ntushobora gukora uturemangingo dutukura duhagije. Aba bana ni bagufi, bafite amagufwa adakomeye, kandi bashobora kugira imiborogo y'umutima.
- Anemia yo mu maraso ivukanwa (CDA): Iyi nayo ni ubwoko bw'amaraso abura amaraso avuka. Igabanya umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Hari abantu bashobora kudakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko indwara zikomeye zishobora gukenera guterwa amaraso cyangwa guterwa uturemangingo.
Ukora iki mu bihe nk'ibi?
Nkuko mubibona, ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'ubu bwoko bwose bw'amaraso abura amaraso ni umunaniro ukabije, ububabare, guhumeka nabi, no gutera k'umutima vuba. Niba rero ufite ibi bimenyetso buri gihe, ntukabirengagize gusa.
Kwibwira no gufata ibinini bya fer muri farumasi ntabwo bizakemura ikibazo gikomeye nk'iki. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugusuzuma neza indwara.
Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukubonana na muganga wawe. Azakora ibizamini by'amaraso no gupima umwongo w'amagufwa, nibiba ngombwa, kugira ngo amenye impamvu nyayo y'indwara. Ubuvuzi buzaterwa n'impamvu. Nubwo hari indwara zishobora kuvurwa n'imiti, mu bihe bikomeye, ushobora gukenera kuvurwa cyane nko guterwa umwongo w'amagufwa. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye (urugero: kuribwa umutwe cyane, kubabara mu gatuza), ni ngombwa kujya mu bitaro byihutirwa (ETU) byihuse.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- 'Anemia' ntabwo iterwa buri gihe no kubura icyuma. Hari ubwoko budakunze kugaragara ariko bukomeye.
- Niba ukomeje kugira ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa guhoraho, umunaniro, uruhu rwera, no kuzerera, ntukabirengagize.
- Gusuzuma neza indwara ni ingenzi cyane. Kugira ngo ubigereho, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga wujuje ibisabwa. Ntugerageze kwivura.
- Inyinshi muri izi ndwara ni indwara zikomoka ku maraso, bivuze ko zishobora kwanduzwa mu bisekuruza bitandukanye. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite izo ndwara z'amaraso, menyesha muganga wawe.
- Iyo uvuwe neza, indwara nyinshi muri izi zishobora kugenzurwa, zimwe zigakira burundu. Ntutinye rero kandi ukurikize inama za muganga wawe.
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