Ese nawe ubyuka uhumeka umwuka? Noneho ugomba kumenya AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index)!

Ese wari uzi ko hari abantu bakunze kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka nijoro? Wenda nawe waragihuye. Cyangwa se hari umuntu uzi wagihuye. Kugona, kumva udashobora guhumeka igihe runaka, cyangwa kubyuka uhumeka bigoranye byose bishobora kuba impamvu z'ibi. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku gipimo cy'ingenzi gifasha kumenya niba ufite ikibazo nk'iki cyo guhumeka mu gihe usinziriye, cyane cyane indwara nka Obstructive Sleep Apnea , kandi niba ari byo, uburemere bwacyo. Iyo ni AHI, isobanura (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) .

AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) ni igipimo cy'inshuro guhumeka kwawe guhagarara (apnea) ku isaha kandi kukaba guto cyane (hypopnea) mu gihe usinziriye. Ubu ni bwo buryo abaganga basuzuma niba ufite indwara yitwa Obstructive Sleep Apnea, kandi niba ari uko bimeze, niba ari yo ikomeye.

Apnea na Hypopnea ni iki?

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza icyo indwara yo kubura umwuka (apnea) n'indwara yo kubura umwuka (hypopnea) ari cyo. Reka tubiganireho neza kurushaho.

• Apnea: Iki ni cyo gihe uhagarika guhumeka burundu. Apnea ni igihe uhagarika guhumeka amasegonda 10 cyangwa arenga mu gihe usinziriye. Muri icyo gihe, ingano y'umwuka winjira mu mubiri wawe iragabanuka. Ukumva nk'aho umwuka wawe urimo uhagarara igihe runaka.

• Hypopnea: Iki ni igihe umwuka wawe uhumeka udafunze neza, ariko umuvuduko wawe wo guhumeka ugabanuka cyane bitewe n'uburyo runaka bwo kubuza guhumeka. Muri iki gihe, ntuhumeka bihagije, bigatuma urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe rugabanuka. Tekereza nk'umuyoboro w'amazi ufunze gato, bigatuma amazi asohoka agabanuka.

Noneho ushobora kuba urimo kwibaza uti "None se bigenda bite iyo uhagaritse guhumeka gutya?" Ubwonko bwacu ni umunyabwenge cyane. Buhora bukurikirana imiterere y'umubiri wacu, nko gutera k'umutima, umuvuduko w'amaraso, guhumeka. Rero iyo ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kwiheba, ubwonko burabyumva. Hanyuma ubwonko bukora ikintu cyo kubyuka gato kugira ngo wongere uhumeke neza. Ariko uku gukanguka akenshi kuba mu buryo butoroshye. Ushobora no kutabyumva. Iyo utangiye guhumeka nanone, ubwonko bugufasha kongera gusinzira. Bityo rero, AHI ipima inshuro zingana iki mu isaha uku guhagarara no guhumeka buhoro. Uko indwara irushaho kuba mbi cyane (Sleep Apnea), niko kenshi uku guhagarara kubaho.

Ni gute iki gipimo cya AHI kibarwa?

Iyi AHI iboneka na (Sleep Study)Imwe muri zo ni inyigo yo gusinzira. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha imashini kugira ngo zigenzure imikorere y'umubiri wawe mu gihe cyo gusinzira nijoro, harimo uburyo uhumeka, umuvuduko w'umutima, imiraba y'ubwonko, n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso. Ibi bishobora gukorwa muri laboratwari yo gusinzira , cyangwa rimwe na rimwe hari ibikoresho byoroshye ushobora gukorera mu rugo (Urugendo rwo Guhagarara k'Ubusinzi mu Rugo) . Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko amakuru yavuye mu bizamini byo mu rugo ari make kandi ashobora kuba atari yo.

Hanyuma umuganga abara amanota yawe ya AHI agabanya umubare w'indwara zo mu mutwe (apnea) n'indwara zo mu mutwe (hypopnea) wagize n'amasaha yose wasinziriye.

Mu magambo make: AHI = (Ibibazo byose byo guhumeka neza kw'uruhu + Ibibazo byose byo kubura umwuka) / Amasaha yose yasinze

Uburemere bw'indwara yo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira bupimwa bute hakoreshejwe agaciro ka AHI? - Ku bantu bakuru

Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ry’Ubuvuzi bwo Gusinzira rikoresha igipimo gikurikira kugira ngo rishyire mu byiciro uburemere bw’ibi bibazo byo guhumeka ku bantu bakuru:

• Indwara yoroheje: Munsi y'ibintu 5 kugeza kuri 15 mu isaha.
• Imiterere iri hagati: Munsi y'ibikorwa 15 kugeza kuri 30 mu isaha.
• Ibihe bikomeye: Ibihe 30 cyangwa birenga ku isaha.

Muganga wawe azakoresha ibi bipimo kugira ngo amenye ubukana bw'indwara yo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira. Urugero, niba AHI yawe ari 25, bivuze ko ufite indwara yo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira mu buryo buri ku rugero.

None se agaciro k'ikigereranyo cya AHI ku muntu mukuru ni akahe?

Ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Igipimo gisanzwe cya AHI ku muntu mukuru ni ikihe?" Igipimo gisanzwe cya AHI ku muntu mukuru ni munsi y'ibihe bitanu byo guhumeka no kubura umwuka mu mubiri ku isaha (AHI < 5). Niba agaciro kawe kari muri uru rwego, bivuze ko udafite indwara yo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira.

Ese agaciro ka AHI gatandukanye n'ak'abana bato?

Yego, agaciro ka AHI n'ubukana bwayo biratandukanye ku bana bato n'abantu bakuru. Kubera ko uburyo bw'ubuhumekero bw'abana bukiri gukura, ndetse n'aho guhumeka gake bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa AHI ku bana bato ni ubu bukurikira:

• Indwara yoroheje: Munsi y'ibintu 1 kugeza kuri 5 mu isaha.
• Imiterere iri hagati: Munsi y'ibikorwa 5 kugeza ku 10 mu isaha.
• Ibikomeye: Ibintu 10 cyangwa birenga ku isaha.

Niba umwana wawe afite AHI imwe cyangwa irenga, muganga ashobora kumusuzuma arwaye Obstructive Sleep Apnea. AHI isanzwe ku mwana muto igomba kuba munsi ya imwe (AHI < 1). Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, ku bana bakuru, bivuze koAbaganga bashobora gukoresha igipimo kimwe cya AHI ku bana bato (ingimbi n'abangavu) nk'uko bimeze ku bantu bakuru.

Ni ikihe giciro cyiza cya AHI kirimo imashini ya CPAP?

Imashini ya CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi kandi bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yo guhagarara kw'umwuka mu gihe usinziriye. Iyi mashini ifasha mu kuguma ufunguye umwuka wawe mu gihe usinziriye. Bityo rero, intego y'umuntu mukuru ukoresha iyi mashini ya CPAP ni ugukomeza agaciro ka AHI kari munsi ya gatanu (AHI < 5). Ariko, wowe na muganga wawe muzahitamo hamwe igihe ugomba kuba uri munsi y'agaciro kanditswe mu Inyigo yawe yo Gusinzira, n'agaciro runaka ugomba kugeraho.

Icyiza ni uko iyo ukoresheje imashini yawe ya CPAP, ishobora gukurikirana AHI yawe ku rugero runaka, bivuze ko ishobora kuyifata. Imashini nyinshi nshya za CPAP zishobora kubona impinduka mu guhumeka kwawe, kandi zigakoresha ayo makuru kugira ngo zibare agaciro ka AHI gateganijwe. Iki si igipimo cy’ukuri 100% nk’inyigo yo gusinzira. Ariko gishobora gufasha muganga wawe kubona andi makuru y’inyongera ku buryo ubuvuzi bwawe bwa CPAP bufite akamaro n’uburyo bugufasha.

Ni izihe mbogamizi za AHI? Ese ivuga byose?

Nubwo AHI ari igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro cyane, ntabwo ishobora kwiringirwa mu gufata ibyemezo kuri buri kintu cyose. Ifite kandi imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo:

• Ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku bijyanye no kubura umwuka uhagije: Nubwo hari ukuri rusange hagati y’abaganga ku bijyanye n’icyo indwara yo kubura umwuka ifata, ibisobanuro bya hypopnea biragoye gato. Ibi biterwa nuko hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuri yo, nko kumenya ingano y’umwuka ugomba kugabanuka, urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso rugomba kuba ruri hasi (oxygen desaturation) , cyangwa inshuro ubyuka nijoro (arousals) . Rero, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho itandukaniro rito mu bisobanuro.
• Imbogamizi: AHI ipima gusa umubare w'indwara zo mu mutwe zifata apnea no mu gihe usinziriye. Ntabwo itanga amakuru y'inyongera, nko ku buryo ibyo bice biremereye, igihe guhumeka kwawe guhagarara, cyangwa uburyo umwuka wawe wa ogisijeni wagabanutse. Urugero, umuntu ashobora kuba afite AHI ya 10, ariko buri gice gishobora kumara amasegonda 10-15 gusa. Undi muntu ashobora kuba afite AHI ya 10, ariko ibice bye bishobora kumara amasegonda 40-50 kandi umwuka we wa ogisijeni ushobora kugabanuka cyane. Rero kureba AHI byonyine ntabwo bitanga itandukaniro.
• Ibisubizo Bishoboka Bitari Byukuri: Ibisubizo bivuye mu bizamini bimwe na bimwe byoroshye byo kubura umwuka wo gusinzira mu rugo , cyane cyane ibyakorewe mu rugo, bishobora kuba bitari ukuri nk'ibyavuye muri laboratwari yo gusinzira. Ibi biterwa nuko ingano y'amakuru n'ukuri bishobora kuba bike. Nanone, hari abantu bashobora kuba badasinzira neza iyo bakoze ikizamini mu rugo.

Nubwo rero AHI itanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'ubwiza bw'ibitotsi urya nijoro, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko AHI ari kimwe mu bintu bigize ikibazo cyo gusinzira no kumenya ubukana bwacyo.

Itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rizasuzuma amanota yawe ya AHI, aho uryama (waba uryamye ugaramye cyangwa uryamye ku ruhande), amanota yawe ya AHI mu bihe bitandukanye byo gusinzira (urugero: gusinzira mu gihe cyo kuruhuka), hamwe n’ibindi bisubizo byinshi kugira ngo bafate icyemezo gishingiye ku buzima bwawe.

None se, ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi cyane dukwiye kujyana muri iyi nkuru?

Noneho, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana kuri AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) twavuzeho:

• AHI ni ikimenyetso gipima inshuro mu isaha guhumeka kwawe guhagarara (apnea) no kuba gutonyanga (hypopnea) mu gihe usinziriye.
• Ibi bifasha kumenya indwara nka Obstructive Sleep Apnea no gupima ubukana bwazo.
• Igipimo mpuzandengo cya AHI ku muntu mukuru kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya 5. Ku bana, kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya 1.
• Uko igipimo cya AHI kiri hejuru, niko indwara (Sleep Apnea) ishobora gukomera cyane.
• Intego ku bakoresha imashini ya CPAP ni ukugerageza kugumana agaciro ka AHI kari munsi ya 5.
• Nubwo AHI ari igipimo cy'ingenzi, si cyo cyonyine; abaganga bakoresha ibindi bintu byinshi kugira ngo bakore isuzuma ryuzuye.

Niba kandi wumva ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nijoro, niba urimo uryamira, niba wumva urimo kubura umwuka, cyangwa niba ufite ibitotsi byinshi ku manywa, shakisha inama kwa muganga. Kuko gusinzira neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubeho neza! Nanone, kumenya iyi AHI bizagufasha cyane mu gihe uganira na muganga wawe ku kibazo cyawe.

Gusinzira , guhumeka, ubumuga bwo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira, AHI, ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka wo mu mutwe, indwara zo gusinzira, CPAP