Twese twumvise ibya cholesterol, sibyo? Tuzi ko urugero rwinshi rwa "cholesterol mbi" (LDL) mu maraso rwongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima na stroke. Ariko se wari uzi ko hari ikindi gipimo cy'amaraso cyihariye gishobora kukubwira byinshi ku byago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima kuruta gupima cholesterol mbi yawe? Icyo gipimo ni ikizamini cya Apo B. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Apo B ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi?

Mu magambo make, Apo B (apolipoprotein B) ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine. Tekereza nka "taxi." Iyi taxi itwara ibinure (cholesterol mbi, nka LDL na VLDL) mu maraso. Ni ukuvuga ko iyi poroteyine yitwa Apo B ifatanye n'uduce twa cholesterol mbi.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi hano ni uko hari agace kamwe gusa ka Apo B mu gace kamwe ka LDL. Ibi bivuze ko hari igipimo cya one-to-one hagati ya byombi.

Ubusanzwe, ikizamini cya cholesterol dukora (lipid panel) gipima ingano ya cholesterol mu maraso. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane ku bantu barwaye diyabete cyangwa indwara ya metabolike, utunyangingo twa cholesterol mbi dushobora kuba duto kandi twinshi. Hanyuma, nubwo agaciro k'ikizamini gisanzwe cya cholesterol kaba kari mu rugero rusanzwe, mu by'ukuri hashobora kuba hari utunyangingo twinshi twangiza mu maraso.

Muri iki gihe, ikizamini cya Apo B ni cyo cy’ukuri cyane. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bamwe bizera ikizamini cya Apo B kurusha ikizamini gisanzwe cya cholesterol kugira ngo bapime ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima.

Ni ryari wagombye gukora ikizamini cya Apo B?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma muganga wawe agusaba iki kizamini:

• Menya byinshi ku byago byo kurwara umutima: Iki kizamini gishobora gukoreshwa nk'inyongera mu gihe bigoye kubona ishusho isobanutse y'ibyago byawe ukurikije ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyoroshye cya cholesterol.
• Niba ufite amateka y'indwara y'umutima mu muryango wawe: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warwaye indwara y'umutima akiri muto, ibi bishobora kuba ingenzi kugira ngo umenye ibyago byo kurwara.
• Niba ufite izindi ndwara, nka diyabete: Abantu bafite indwara nka diyabete, umubyibuho ukabije, cyangwa indwara ya metabolike bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima. Ikizamini cya Apo B gishobora kugufasha gusuzuma neza ibyago byabo.
• Reba uko imiti igabanya cholesterol imera:Niba ufata imiti nka statins kugira ngo ugabanye cholesterol yawe, iki kizamini kinakoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe uburyo ubwo buryo bwo kuvura bufite akamaro.

Witegura ute iki kizamini?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Niba ukora ikizamini cya Apo B gusa, ntugomba kwiyiriza ubusa mbere yo gukora ikizamini.

Ariko, abaganga benshi bazakora ikizamini rusange cya cholesterol (lipid panel) hamwe n'iki kizamini. Nibibaho, ugomba kwirinda kurya cyangwa kunywa mu gihe cy'amasaha agera kuri 12. Kunywa amazi ni byiza. Mu by'ukuri, kunywa amazi menshi mbere yo gufata amaraso byorohereza umuntu ufata amaraso kubona umutsi mu mubiri wawe.

Bizakoroha kwambara ishati y'amaboko magufi ku munsi wo kwipimisha. Muri ubwo buryo, bizakoroha gukururwa amaraso.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gupimwa na nyuma yacyo?

Ibi ni nko gupimwa amaraso. Nta kintu na kimwe cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo.

1. Bagutera kwicara ku ntebe bakakubwira kurambura ukuboko kwawe.

2. Hanyuma, umugozi wa rubber (tourniquet) uhambirwa ku kuboko kwawe ko hejuru, ushyira ahagaragara umutsi.

3. Sukura aho urushinge rushyirwa ukoresheje agapfundikizo k'uburozi.

4. Hanyuma, urushinge ruto rushyirwa mu mutsi maze amaraso akenewe agakusanywa mu muyoboro.

5. Iyo amaraso amaze gukurwa, agapira k'umugozi karakurwaho, urushinge rugakurwaho, hanyuma agace k'ipamba gashyirwa aho kari kari kakanzweho gato. Hanyuma hagashyirwa plaster nto aho yari yashyizwe.

Abantu benshi ntibaba bumva bamerewe nabi nyuma yo gukurwamo amaraso. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kumva batameze neza cyangwa badafite amaso neza. Ibi nibibaho, icara gato. Kumanura umutwe hagati y'amavi cyangwa kunywa amazi bishobora gufasha.

Hashobora kubaho igikomere gito aho amaraso yakuwe mu mubiri mu gihe cy'iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. Ibi ni ibisanzwe.

Nsobanukirwa nte ibyavuye muri raporo?

Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya Apo B-100 byatanzwe muri mililitiro kuri desilita (mg/dL). Iyi mbonerahamwe izagufasha gusobanukirwa ibisubizo.

Icy'ingenzi: Amabwiriza amwe n'amwe y'abaganga b'indwara z'umutima atanga inama ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 75 basanzwe bafata imiti igabanya cholesterol (statins) bagamije kugumana urugero rwa Apo B ruri munsi ya 65 mg/dL cyangwa 80 mg/dL . Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi.

Izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera impinduka mu rugero rwa Apo B

Uretse ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, hari izindi ndwara zishobora gutuma urugero rwa Apo B ruzamuka cyangwa rugabanuka.

Niba urugero rwa Apo B ruri hejuru, ni iki wakora nyuma yaho?

Niba igipimo cya Apo B kiri hejuru, ntugatinye. Bivuze ko uri mu kaga kandi ugomba gukurikiranwa. Inama zitangwa hano ni zimwe n'izo muganga yatanga iyo cholesterol mbi yawe (LDL) iri hejuru.

Ni:

• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 30 ku munsi. Ushobora gukora ikintu nko kugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, cyangwa kugendera ku igare.
• Kurya neza: Kurya indyo ikungahaye ku mbuto n'imboga. Gabanya ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi, ibiryo bikaranze, ibiryo byatunganyijwe, n'ibinure by'inyamaswa (ibinure byuzuye).
• Kugumana ibiro byiza: Gerageza kugumana ibiro byiza bijyanye n'uburebure bwawe.
• Irinde kunywa itabi: Niba unywa itabi, ni ngombwa kurireka burundu.
• Imiti: Hari igihe guhindura imibereho byonyine bidahagije. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga ashobora kukwandikira umuti ugabanya cholesterol, nka statin .

Mbere yo gutangira ibi, ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe mu buryo bwimbitse ku bisubizo byawe n'intambwe zikurikiraho.