Ese twavuga ku ndwara ya asbestosis, yangiza ibihaha byawe bucece?

Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu gikomeye gato, ariko twese tugomba kumenya. Hari igihe, bitewe n'akazi dukora, cyangwa ibidukikije dutuyemo, ibintu byangiza bishobora kwinjira mu mibiri yacu. Nubwo bitatera indwara ako kanya, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima nyuma y'imyaka myinshi. Asbestosis ni imwe muri izo ndwara yangiza ibihaha byacu bucece.

Asbestosis ni iki?

Muri make, asbestosis ni indwara y'ibihaha iterwa no kumara igihe kinini umuntu ahura n'umukungugu n'imigozi bya asbestos. Asbestos ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bito, biramba kandi biguruka mu kirere. Mu bihe byashize, cyane cyane mbere y'imyaka ya 1970, abantu bakoraga mu bwubatsi, mu nganda, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu nganda, nk'abatekinisiye, n'abakora mu by'amashanyarazi bari mu kaga gakomeye. Abantu bakuyemo ibintu birimo asbestos kandi bagakora ku mato yo mu bwato bwa Navy (bwakoreshaga asbestos ku mato icyo gihe) nabo bari mu kaga gakomeye.

Iyo iyi migozi ya asbestos yinjiye mu bihaha byawe, ishobora gutera indwara yitwa "fibrosis", ikaba ari ukwiyongera no gucika kw'ibihaha . Hari igihe urugingo rukikije ibihaha, "pleura", narwo rushobora kwiyongera. Iyo uru rugingo rw'ibihaha rubaye inkovu kandi rugakomera, biragorana guhumeka. Mu bihe bikomeye, ibi bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga ndetse bikaba byanahitana. Si ibyo gusa, kuba wahura na asbestos byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha.

Asibesitosi ni iki?

Noneho reka turebe icyo asbestos ari cyo. Ni icyegeranyo cy'imigozi itandatu y'amabuye y'agaciro isanzwe. Iyi migozi irakomeye cyane, irinda umuriro, kandi irwanya imiti. Kubera iyo miterere, ikoreshwa mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi no mu nganda zikora.

• Komeza ibintu nka sima na pulasitiki.
• Nk'icyuma gikingira ubushyuhe.
• Kurinda inyubako, imyenda, n'imodoka za gisirikare inkongi y'umuriro.
• Shyira amatwi ijwi.

Izi fibre za asbestos zishobora kuba umweru, ubururu, umukara, imvi, cyangwa icyatsi. Fibre za asbestos zera (zitwa "chrysotile") nizo zikoreshwa cyane ku isi yose.

Ni gute asbestos ikwirakwira? Ni gute asbestos ikwirakwira?

Mu by’ukuri, twese tugerwaho n’asidebestos mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwacu. Asbestos iboneka hafi ya hose mu rugero ruto. Ariko abantu benshi ntibarwara indwara iyo ari yo yose. Izi ndwara zigaragara gusa ku bantu bahura n’asidebestos igihe kirekire kandi gihoraho.

Ingaruka zo kwandura asbestos mu kazi zari nyinshi cyane mbere y’imyaka ya 1970. Ariko, ibyago biracyahari na n’ubu. Kubera ko bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigaragare, abaganga baracyasuzuma abantu bashya barwaye asbestos. Nubwo hari amategeko agenga uburyo asbestos ikwirakwira mu kazi, rimwe na rimwe abakozi bashobora kugaragaramo amakosa.

Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bahura n’asidebetosi, cyane cyane mu kazi. Biragoye kumenya neza umubare w’abantu barwaye asidebetosi n’izindi ndwara zifitanye isano na yo. Ibi biterwa nuko ibimenyetso bishobora gufata imyaka 30 kugeza kuri 40 kugira ngo bigaragare. Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekana ko hafi 20% by’abakozi bahumeka asidebetosi barwara ubwoko runaka bw’indwara. Ariko, si buri wese urwara asidebetosi. Hari izindi ndwara zishobora guterwa na asidebetosi. Urugero:

• Indwara y'ibihaha yo hagati mu gihe cy'ubuhumekero (ILD)
• Kuvubura amaraso mu bihaha (ibi bibaho iyo ikintu nk'amazi cyuzuye hirya no hino mu bihaha)
• Amoko amwe na amwe ya kanseri y'ibihaha, cyane cyane mesothelioma ya pleural

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya asbestosis? (Ibi bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bigaragare!)

Ibimenyetso bya asbestose biratandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara. Hari igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara nyuma y'imyaka 20-30 cyangwa irenga nyuma yo kwandura asbestos. Inkovu mu bihaha zikunze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Kubwibyo, ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso ako kanya.

Ikimenyetso cya mbere cya asbestosis ni ukugorwa no guhumeka , cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kubabara mu gituza no gufungana.
• Kuzunguruka impera z'inzara (ibi byitwa `(Guhuza inzara zawe)`).
• Inkorora (wenda inkorora yumye idakira).
• Iyo umuntu ahumeka, urusaku rusakuza mu gituza.
• Umunaniro ukabije no kugorwa no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu.

Ni iki gitera asbestosis?

Impamvu nyamukuru itera asbestosis ni guhumeka uduce duto twa asbestos cyangwa umukungugu. Utu duce twa asbestos ntabwo tugira ingaruka mbi kugeza igihe turekuwe mu kirere. Ariko, iyo turekuwe mu kirere, tuvamo uduce duto. Utu duce twinjira mu kirere tukinjira mu bihaha iyo duhumeka. Hanyuma twirundanya mu bihaha, bigatera inkovu no kubyimba. Inkovu z'ibihaha ziba zikomeye cyane kandi ntizishobora kwaguka neza. Niyo mpamvu biba bigoye guhumeka.

Ingaruka zo kurwara asbestosis ziriyongera bitewe n'igihe wamaze uhura na asbestos n'uburyo yahuye na yo cyane. Mu bihe byashize, asbestos yakoreshwaga cyane mu nganda z'ubwubatsi n'inganda. Abantu bakora muri izi nganda kandi bahora bahumeka uduce twa asbestos ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko asbestos, iboneka gusa mu byuma bikingira cyangwa mu mabati, urugero, idatera iyi ndwara. Ingaruka ziba gusa iyo irekuwe mu kirere.

Ni ibihe bicuruzwa bishobora kuba bigifite asibesitosi?

Dore bimwe mu bikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba bigifite asibesitosi:

• Amapine yo gufunga (clutch pads) n'imigozi yo gufunga feri mu modoka.
• Sima, putti, na sima yo kubaka.
• Ubwishingizi bw'ubushyuhe.
• Ku gupfunyika imiyoboro.
• Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amabati akoreshwa mu gusakara ibisenge, n'urukuta rukoreshwa mu gusakara inkuta (ushobora kubibona no mu mazu ashaje yo muri Sri Lanka).
• Amatafari yo hasi ya vinyl.
• Insinga z'amashanyarazi.
• Millboard.
• Gutera no guhuza imvange.
• Amatafari anyuramo n'ubwoko bwa kole zifata.
• Ibikoresho bikurura amajwi.

Nanone, bimwe mu bintu bikoreshwa mu rugo bishobora kuba birimo asibesitosi:

• Ivu ry'ubukorano n'ibishashi mu mashyiga akoresha gazi.
• Udupira twa feri y'imodoka, imitako, udupira two gufatana, gasket.
• Uturindantoki tudashya, uturindantoki two guteka, uturindantoki two ku meza, n'imyenda idashya (nk'ibiringiti n'amarido).
• Amwe mu mapulasitiki, amarangi, irangi, ishinya.
• Vermiculite ikoreshwa mu gukingira ibidukikije mu gisenge ndetse no mu kugura ibintu byo guhinga.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu agire asbestosis?

Hari igihe abaganga basuzuma indwara ya asbestosis ku bantu bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo badakora kuri asbestos. Bishobora gufata imyaka 30 kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigaragare. Tekereza ko, niba waragaragaye mu bwana bwawe kandi uri mu kigero cy'imyaka yo hagati, ushobora kutamenya iyo ndwara.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara asbestosis? Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Muri iki gihe, hari amategeko agamije kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura asibesitosi mu kazi. Ariko, hari imirimo imwe n'imwe iracyagutera ibyago byo kwandura asibesitosi. Ibi nibyo bikomeye cyane cyane iyo usenya cyangwa uvugurura inyubako zubatswe mbere ya 1970. Ndetse n'amazu yubatswe mbere ya 1977 ashobora kuba arimo asibesitosi mu bintu nk'imiyoboro, ibisenge, n'amatafari yo hasi. Ariko, niba utuye mu nzu yubatswe mbere ya 1977, ntabwo ari ibyago. Ingaruka zibaho gusa iyo asibesitosi iri mu kirere nk'umukungugu kandi ishobora guhumekwa. Nta ngaruka zibaho iyo iri mu buryo bukomeye.

Ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara asbestose niba umaze igihe kinini uhura na asbestos, cyane cyane niba akazi kawe karimo gukorana n'ibikoresho birimo asbestos.

Ingaruka zijyanye n'akazi

Abantu bakora imirimo nk'iyi bari mu kaga gakomeye:

• Abantu bakora mu birombe bya asbestos, abantu bashyiraho bakanakuraho asbestos.
• Abatekinisiye b'imodoka n'indege (imodoka zishaje zari zifite asbestos mu bintu nka feri n'udupira).
• Abakozi b'ubwubatsi (cyane cyane abasenya bakanavugurura inyubako zishaje).
• Abakora amashanyarazi (ibikoresho bishaje byo gukingira birimo asbestos).
• Abantu bakora ku mihanda ya gari ya moshi n'aho bakoreraga amato (kubaka no gusana amato).

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo gutabara no gusukura mu gihe cy'ibitero byagabwe ku Kigo cy'Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga (WTC) mu Mujyi wa New York nabo bashobora kurwara indwara ziterwa na asbestos nka asbestos.

Izindi mpamvu zigira ingaruka ku

Ibi bintu bigira ingaruka ku byago byawe:

• Igihe wamaze uhura na asibesitosi: Igihe wamaze uhura na zo. Muri rusange, uko wamaranye igihe kirekire, niko ibyago birushaho kwiyongera.
• Uburemere bw'isura: Ingano ya asibesitosi wahuye nayo.
• Ubwoko bw'inganda: Iyo asibesitosi iri mu gicuruzwa (nk'inkuta, amatafari), ingaruka ziba nke. Ariko, iyo asibesitosi irekuwe mu kirere, nko mu gihe iciwe cyangwa ivunitswe n'umukero, ingaruka ziba nyinshi.
• Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara ku giti cyawe: Ingaruka ziba nyinshi cyane niba unywa itabi cyangwa niba ufite indwara y'ibihaha yari isanzweho.
• Impamvu za genetiki: Iyo habayeho impinduka muri gene yitwa `(gene ya BAP1)`.

Abantu barwaye iyi ndwara bakunze guhura n’asidebasi mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi binyuze mu mirimo yabo. Urugero, niba warahuye n’asidebasi mu gihe warimo uvugurura iwawe, ntabwo ushobora kurwara asidebasi.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na asbestosis?

Abantu benshi barwaye asbestosis bagorwa no guhumeka no gukorora bidashira. Mu bihe bikomeye, ingorane zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ingorane zishobora guterwa na asbestosis ni izi:

• Kanseri y'ibihaha: Abantu bafite asbestosis n'abanywa itabi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha.
• Mesothelioma: Ubwoko bwa kanseri ikura mu nda, mu gituza cyangwa mu bihaha. Ifitanye isano rikomeye no kwanduzwa na asbestos.
• Kunanirwa guhumeka: Ibihaha byawe ntibishobora kwinjiza ogisijeni ihagije mu maraso yawe, kandi dioxyde de carbone irakomeza kwiyongera mu ngingo zawe.
• Umutima ucika intege uruhande rw'iburyo: Uruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima wawe ruhagarara gukora neza.

Ni gute asbestosis ipimwa? (Isuzuma)

Muganga wawe azagusuzuma kandi akubaze amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Menya neza ko wabwiye muganga wawe niba warigeze guhura n'ibintu byangiza, nka asbestos. Ni ngombwa cyane kumubwira akazi kawe n'aho wakoreraga.

Byongeye kandi, muganga ashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo kugira ngo arangize gusuzuma. Ibi birimo:

• X-ray yo mu gituza.
• Gupima CT (Computed Tomography - CT scan) (ibi bigufasha kubona neza imiterere y'ibihaha).
• Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha (kugira ngo harebwe uko ibihaha byawe bikora) nka spirometry.
• Bronchoscopy (ni gake cyane, kamera ishyirwa mu bihaha kugira ngo irebe imbere, kandi nibiba ngombwa, hashobora gufatwa icyitegererezo gito cy'umubiri (biopsy).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura asbestosis?

Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura asbestosis ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso no kubungabunga imikorere y'ibihaha.

Ikibabaje ni uko ibyangiritse ku bihaha byatewe na asbestos bidashobora gusubizwa inyuma.

Kuvura indwara ziterwa na asbestos bigamije kugabanya ibimenyetso, kuvura ingorane zijyanye n'iyi ndwara, no kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.

Uburyo bwo kuvura buzaterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara yawe. Ushobora kuvura nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Kuvura umwuka wa ogisijeni: Kuguha umwuka wa ogisijeni wiyongereye unyuze mu muyoboro ushyizwe mu mazuru cyangwa unyuze mu gapfukamunwa bishobora kugufasha guhumeka neza.
• Kuvugurura ibihaha: Ibi bikubiyemo kukwigisha imyitozo yihariye n'uburyo bwo guhumeka bushobora kuzamura ubuzima bwawe.
• Kubaga ibihaha: Ni gake cyane, ku bantu bafite indwara zikomeye, gutera ibihaha bishobora koroshya ibimenyetso no kongera igihe cyo kubaho binyuze mu gutanga ibihaha bishya kandi bifite ubuzima bwiza.
• Imiti: Imiti yitwa "Anti-fibrotic" ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'inkovu mu bihaha. Ariko, ntabwo ivura inkovu zisanzwe. Muganga wawe azaganira nawe ku ngaruka n'ibyiza by'iyi miti kandi agufashe guhitamo icyakugirira akamaro ubuzima bwawe.

Ni gute wakwihanganira ibimenyetso mu rugo?

Niba ufite asbestosis, ushobora gukora ibi bintu kugira ngo urusheho kumererwa neza:

• Ntukanywe itabi. Niba unywa itabi, shaka ubufasha bwo kurireka uyu munsi. Kunywa itabi bishobora gutuma indwara irushaho kwiyongera no gukwirakwira vuba.
• Irinde guhumeka ibintu bitera ubwivumbure, ihumana ry’ibidukikije, n’umwotsi w’itabi.
• Irinde abantu barwaye kandi ugire ingeso nziza zo gukaraba intoki (karaba intoki kenshi, cyane cyane mbere yo kurya na nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero).
• Nywa amazi menshi.
• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri (nk'imboga, imbuto, amafi meza, n'inyama).
• Vugana na muganga wawe, kora gahunda y'imyitozo ngororamubiri ikubereye, kandi ugire imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.

Wakwirinda gute asbestosis?

Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara asbestosis wirinda kwandura asbestosis igihe kirekire. Niba akazi kawe karimo kwandura iyi myunyu ngugu, ugomba kwambara agakoresho ko guhumeka (agapfukamunwa kadasanzwe gasukura uduce duto mu kirere). Iyi mask ikurinda izagufasha guhumeka insinga za asbestosis cyangwa umukungugu.

Niba uzi ko wahuye na asibesitosi, ugomba kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe no gupimwa X-ray mu gituza. Ibi bizamini ntibishobora gukumira asbestosi, ariko bishobora kugufasha kuyimenya hakiri kare.

Niba unywa itabi kandi ukaba warigeze guhura n’asidebasi, ikintu cyiza wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ni ukureka kunywa itabi.

Ese ibintu byose bikomoka kuri asbestos bigomba kwirindwa?

Imigozi ya Asbestos irangiza gusa iyo igiye mu kirere. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byinshi by'ubwubatsi n'ibindi bikoresho bikoresha asbestos ifatanye. Ubu buryo butuma idasohoka mu kirere. Ingaruka mbi ku buzima zikomoka kuri ibyo bikoresho ni nke cyane, niba zihari. Ariko, ugomba kwirinda gusya, gushwanyaguza, cyangwa kwangiza ibikoresho no kubimenagura. Kubikora bishobora kurekura imigozi mu kirere.

Ese ngomba gukura asbestos mu rugo rwanjye?

Niba ufite ibikoresho birimo asibesitosi biri mu mimerere myiza (urugero, igisenge gishaje cya asibesitosi) mu nzu yawe, ni byiza kubireka. Iyo ubikozeho cyangwa wangiza ibi bikoresho (ubimene, ubikuremo), hari ibyago byo kurekura insinga mu kirere. Reba ibi bikoresho buri gihe kugira ngo urebe niba byangiritse cyangwa byarangiritse. Niba ari ngombwa kubikuraho, shaka ubufasha bw'abakozi babyigiye.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku muntu urwaye asbestosis? (Icyitegererezo)

Nta muti uhari wo kuvura asbestosis, kandi ibyangiritse bitewe n’iyi ndwara ntibishobora gusubizwa inyuma. Iyo umaze guhumeka imiyoboro ya asbestos, iguma mu mubiri wawe. Ahazaza hawe haterwa n’igihe n’ingano y’ibyo bice by’umubiri wahuye na byo.

Abantu benshi barwaye asbestosis yoroheje babaho imyaka myinshi bafite ubuzima bwiza nyuma yo gupimwa. Hari abantu barushaho kugira ibibazo bikomeye bityo bakaba bakeneye ubuvuzi bw'ubuzima bwabo bwose.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini bya X-ray mu gituza no gupima imikorere y'ibihaha buri myaka mike kugira ngo arebe niba hari impinduka mu nkovu mu bihaha byawe. Uko indwara yawe ikomeza, ibisubizo by'ibizamini bizahinduka.

Bivugwa ko igihe cyo kubaho nyuma yo gupimwa ari imyaka 10. Ariko, ibi biterwa ahanini n'uburemere bw'indwara n'uburyo ikwirakwira vuba.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba warigeze guhura n'asidebas kandi ukaba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kubabara mu gatuza, cyangwa inkorora idashira,Shaka muganga wawe ako kanya. Menya neza ko wabwiye muganga wawe uburyo wahuye na asibesitosi (urugero, binyuze mu kazi kawe), nubwo byaba byarakubayeho.

Ese umuryango wanjye uri mu kaga ko kwandura asbestos bitewe n'akazi kanjye?

"Asbestos yakoreshejwe" ishobora kubaho. Iyo umuntu akoresha ibikoresho birimo asibestos, ashobora kuzana uduce twa asibestos mu rugo ku nkweto ze, ku myenda, ku ruhu no ku musatsi.

Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, ahantu henshi hakoreshwa asbestos hatuma abakozi bahindura imyenda iyo baje ku kazi n'iyo bavuye. Amasosiyete menshi afite n'ubwiherero aho abakozi bashobora gukaraba utwo duce tw'umusatsi n'uruhu rwabo. Izi ngamba zigabanya ibyago byo kurwara ku bagize umuryango.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya asbestosis na mesothelioma?

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya asbestosis na mesothelioma ni uko mesothelioma ari kanseri, mu gihe asbestosis atari yo. Asbestosis ibaho mu bihaha byawe no mu gice cy'ibihaha byawe (pleura). Mesothelioma itangirira mu ngingo z'ibihaha byawe no mu nda. Ishobora gukwirakwira mu mubiri wawe wose.

Niba warigeze guhura n'asidebestos, nubwo waba udafite ibimenyetso kandi ukumva umeze neza, vugana na muganga wawe. Hari ibintu muganga wawe ashobora gukora ubu kugira ngo agufashe mu gucunga ibyangiritse by'ibihaha asbestos ishobora gutera. Ushobora kandi kwifasha mu kureka kunywa itabi cyangwa kureka kunywa itabi. Kunywa itabi bishobora gutuma asbestos irushaho kuba mbi. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka gishya, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya.

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka turebere hamwe bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi cyane ku bijyanye na asbestosis twavuzeho.

• Asbestosis ni indwara y'ibihaha iterwa no kumara igihe kinini umuntu akoresha insinga za asbestos. Ntabwo igaragara mu buryo butunguranye, ariko ishobora gufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo ikure.
• Izi ngaruka ni nyinshi ku bakora imirimo imwe n'imwe, nko kubaka, kubaka amato, no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane abakoraga bakoresheje uburyo bwa kera.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka, inkorora idashira, no kubabara mu gatuza ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi.
• Nta muti ufatika w'ibi kugeza ubu. Ubuvuzi bugamije kugenzura ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima.
• Igikuru ni ukwirinda. Niba ukorera ahantu ushobora guhura n'asidebas, menya neza ko wambaye ibikoresho byo kwirinda.
• Niba utekereza ko wahuye na asibesitosi, gana muganga kugira ngo akugire inama, nubwo waba nta bimenyetso ufite. Niba unywa itabi, menya neza ko uriretse.

Nubwo iki ari ikibazo giteye ubwoba, kumenya amakuru ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Wite ku buzima bwawe kandi ushake inama z'abaganga niba bibaye ngombwa.

"Asbestosis, asbestos, indwara z'ibihaha, ibibazo byo guhumeka, indwara zikomoka ku kazi, inkovu z'ibihaha, mesothelioma