Ese umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kwibanda ku kintu kimwe? Ese byaba ari ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)?

Ese umwana wawe ahora ahinda umushyitsi adahagaze ahantu hamwe? Ese umwarimu akunda kwinubira ko atitaye ku ishuri? Cyangwa atangira ikintu kimwe nyuma y’ikindi adarangije akazi ke? Nk'umubyeyi, iyo ubonye ibintu nk'ibi, ushobora kumva ufite impungenge nyinshi n'umutima uremereye. Mu by'ukuri, ibi si ikosa ry'umwana, cyangwa se si ikosa ryawe mu kumurera. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri ADHD, indwara igaragaza ibimenyetso nk'ibyo kandi ikunze kugaragara mu bana.

Mu magambo make, ADHD ni iki?

ADHD isobanura indwara yo kudakora neza mu mutwe . Mu rurimi rwa Sinhala, bivuze 'indwara yo kudakora neza mu mutwe no kudakora neza mu mutwe'. Iyi ni indwara ifitanye isano n'imikorere y'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umuntu bwo kwita ku bintu, gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu kimwe no kugenzura imyitwarire ye.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bato n'abakuze, kandi rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukomeza kugeza umuntu akuze. Akenshi igaragara bwa mbere iyo umwana atangiye ishuri, iyo afite ikibazo cyo kwibanda ku mirimo y'ishuri.

Ubwoko n'ibimenyetso bya ADHD biboneka mu bana

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa ADHD bushobora kumenyekana mu bana. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo n'ibimenyetso byabyo.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya ADD na ADHD?

Hari abantu bagikoresha izina ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). Iryo ni ryo zina ry’umwimerere ry’iyo ndwara. Nyuma, ijambo hyperactivity ryongeweho ku izina maze izina rihinduka ADHD. Rero, aya magambo yombi yerekeza ku ndwara imwe.

Ese ibimenyetso bya ADHD biratandukanye ku bantu bakuru?

Yego, ibimenyetso bya ADHD birashobora guhinduka uko tugenda dukura. Abantu bakuru bashobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Guhora ukererwa cyangwa ukibagirwa ibintu.
• Kubura amahoro , kudashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe.
• Kugorwa no kugenzura uburakari.
• Gufata ibyemezo uhubutse, utabanje gutekereza.
• Kugorwa no gutegura akazi.
• Gutinda gukora ibintu.
• Biroroshye kurakara.
• Kurambirwa igihe cyose.
• Kugorwa no kwita ku byo umuntu asoma mu gihe asoma igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru.
• Amarangamutima ahinduka nta mpamvu.
• Kwiheba.

Izi ngeso zishobora guteza ibibazo ku kazi no mu mibanire y'abantu ku giti cyabo.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ADHD?

Impuguke ntiziramenya neza icyatera ADHD, ariko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ifite igice cy’uturemangingo.Ibyo bivuze ko niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara, nawe ushobora kuyirwara. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bikurikira bishobora kugira uruhare:

• Niba hari impanuka yabereye mu bwonko.
• Niba umubyeyi yaranywaga itabi cyangwa yanyoye inzoga mu gihe yari atwite.
• Niba waravutse ufite ibiro bike cyangwa utarigeze uvuka.
• Niba wahuye n'ibintu bihumanya nka lisansi mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe wari uri mu nda.

Ni gute ADHD ipimwa?

ADHD, cyane cyane ku bana, iragoye kuyisuzuma. Ntibishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe ikizamini kimwe. Abaganga bapima ADHD baganira n'umwana, ababyeyi be n'abarimu ku bimenyetso byayo mu buryo burambuye, no kureba imyitwarire y'umwana.

Muri ibi, muganga asuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Ibimenyetso byinshi wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite n'igihe bimaze bihari.
• Kugira ngo hatabaho izindi ndwara (urugero: kwiheba, guhangayika, indwara ya tiroyide) zishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso.
• Hari igihe ibibazo byo kubona, kumva, cyangwa ibindi byumviro bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa na ADHD. Bityo muganga ashobora gukora isuzuma ry'umubiri n'isuzuma ry'imitsi.
• Ibizamini bisuzuma ibintu nk'ubwenge, ubuhanga, n'imico y'umuntu nabyo bishobora rimwe na rimwe kuba inama.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ADHD?

Mu kuvura ADHD, si uburyo bumwe gusa, ahubwo no guhuza uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura biragira icyo bigeraho.

Uburyo bwo koroshya ubuzima ufite ADHD

Uretse ubuvuzi, impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu mibereho yawe n'umwana wawe zishobora gufasha cyane mu kuvura ibimenyetso bya ADHD.

• Imirire:Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo poroteyine nyinshi na fibre n'isukari nkeya. Hitamo ibiryo bisanzwe kuruta ibiryo byatunganyijwe. Nywa amazi menshi, kuko kubura amazi mu mubiri bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku kwibanda ku bintu.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe byongera ubushobozi bwo kwibanda ku kintu runaka, bigabanya uburakari, kandi bikongera amarangamutima.
• Gusinzira: Kubura ibitotsi bishobora kongera ibimenyetso bya ADHD. Abana bakeneye gusinzira amasaha 9-13 ku munsi, abana bato amasaha 8-10, naho abantu bakuru amasaha 7-9.
• Stress: Stress ishobora no kongera ibimenyetso. Ibintu nka yoga, gutekereza cyane, n'imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka cyane bishobora kugabanya stress.
• Inyongeramusaruro: Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko omega-3, iboneka mu mavuta y'amafi, ishobora gufasha mu kuvura ibimenyetso bya ADHD. Ariko, ibi ntabwo bigira ingaruka nziza nk'imiti yandikiwe na muganga. Menya neza ko waganiriye na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira inyongeramusaruro iyo ari yo yose.

Icyo ababyeyi bashobora gukora kugira ngo bafashe umwana wabo

• Gabanya ibintu bikurangaza, nk'ibikinisho, mu cyumba cy'umwana wawe kandi ugikomeze kugitunganya.
• Komeza gahunda isobanutse neza n'amategeko akurikizwa.
• Mu gihe utanga amabwiriza, jya uyatanga mu buryo bworoshye, busobanutse neza, kandi rimwe rimwe. Aho kuvuga ngo "Itegure kujya ku ishuri," gabanyamo ibice, nk'aho uti "Koza amenyo yawe. Noneho mbara."
• Muhe ibihembo kandi mutere inkunga imyitwarire myiza y'umwana wanyu.
• Huza icyizere cy'umwana wawe. Ashobora kumva ko ari hasi kuko ahora anengwa. Bityo rero shima umwana wawe ku bw'imbaraga ze .
• Shishikariza umwana wawe impano zidasanzwe (siporo, ubuhanzi).
• Komeza kuvugana na muganga w'umwana wawe, abarimu be n'abavuzi b'indwara z'umwana wawe buri gihe.

Kubana na ADHD nk'umuntu mukuru

• Koresha urutonde n'igenamigambi kugira ngo ibintu nk'akazi kawe n'inama zawe bikomeze gutegurwa.
• Gabanya imirimo minini mo ibice hanyuma uyikore buhoro buhoro.
• Hitamo ahantu hatuje hatagira ibintu byinshi bikurangaza mu gihe ukorera.
• Kora igikorwa kimwe gusa icyarimwe. Kirangize, fata ikiruhuko gito, hanyuma ukomeze ku gikorwa gikurikira.
• Niba ufite icyizere, ganira n'umuryango wawe, inshuti n'abo mukorana ku kibazo cyawe. Inkunga yabo izaba isoko ikomeye y'imbaraga.
• Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha igihe bikenewe.