Ese hari igihe wumva umwana wawe atandukanye gato n'abandi bana? Ese ntakunda gusabana, kuganira, cyangwa gukina n'abandi? Wenda wigeze wumva ijambo 'autisme' igihe wajyaga kwa muganga. Cyangwa ushobora kuba warabonye amazina nka ' Asperger 's' mugihe ureba kuri interineti. Mu by'ukuri, ababyeyi benshi barashoberwa cyane kubera aya mazina menshi. Ese aya yose ni indwara imwe? Cyangwa ni ibintu bitandukanye? Ntugahangayike. Uyu munsi turaganira kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.
'Autism Spectrum' ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Ubwa mbere, reka dusobanukirwe icyo ijambo 'Spectrum' risobanura. Tekereza ku mukororombya. Umukororombya ntugira ibara rimwe gusa. Ufite amabara menshi nk'umutuku, umuhondo, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi bivanze. Kandi ntibishoboka kumenya neza aho ibara rimwe rirangirira n'irindi ritangirira, sibyo? Autism ni uko.
Mu magambo make, indwara ya Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ni uruhurirane rw'ibibazo bibaho mu mikurire y'umwana. Ibi bibazo bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi:
1. Ingorane zo mu muryango : Kudashaka cyangwa kudashobora gusabana n'abandi cyangwa kugira inshuti. Urugero, guhitamo kuba wenyine aho gukina n'abandi bana. Ntareba isura y'undi muntu iyo avuga. Agorwa no gusobanukirwa amarangamutima y'abandi (ibyishimo, agahinda).
2. Ingorane zo kuvugana: Kugorwa no kuvugana n'abandi. Hari abana bashobora gutinda kuvugana. Abandi bashobora kuvuga neza, ariko ntibazi uburyo bwo gukomeza ikiganiro. Aho kuvuga icyo bashaka, bafata ukuboko kwa nyina cyangwa kwa se bakabakurura aho bashaka kujya. Bamwe basubiramo ibintu nk'amatangazo kuri televiziyo.
3. Imyitwarire isubiramo n'ibyo umuntu akunda: Gusubiramo ibintu bimwe no kugaragaza ko hari icyo umuntu ashishikajwe na byo gusa. Urugero, gukina n'igikinisho kimwe amasaha menshi. Bashobora gukora ibintu nko kuzunguza amaboko yabo nta mpamvu, kugenda ku mano, cyangwa kuzunguruka ahantu hamwe. Hari abana bakunda kurya ubwoko bumwe bw'ibiryo gusa.
Igikuru ni uko ibi bintu bitaba bimwe kuri buri mwana. Hari abana bashobora kugira ibibazo byoroheje cyane. Abandi bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye . Abandi bashobora kugira ikintu kiri hagati yabo. Niyo mpamvu tubyita 'spectrum'.
Amazina yakoreshwaga kera n'ibisobanuro byayo
Muri iki gihe, abaganga bita izi ndwara zose izina rimwe, 'autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Ariko mu myaka mike ishize, izi ndwara zahawe amazina atandukanye, bitewe n'ubukana bwazo. Ushobora kumva abantu bakoresha aya mazina ya kera, bityo ni ingirakamaro kumenya icyo asobanura.
Reka turebe uko iryo shyirahamwe rya kera ryari rimeze.
| Igihe cya kera | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Indwara ya Asperger | Ibi bifatwa nk'indwara yoroheje mu buryo bw'umubiri. Aba bana bafite ubwenge busanzwe cyangwa burenga ubw'umubiri. Bafite ubuhanga mu kuvuga neza. Ariko bafite imbogamizi zikomeye mu mibanire n'abandi. Urugero, bashobora kugorwa no kumva urwenya cyangwa gusoma isura. Bashobora kandi kuganira buri gihe ku ngingo bakunda (urugero: dinosaure, gari ya moshi). |
| Indwara y'iterambere ikwirakwira - Ntivugwaho ukundi (PDD-NOS) | Iri zina ni rigoye. Mu magambo make, umwana afite autism, ariko ntabwo ari yoroshye cyane ku buryo yitwa 'Asperger', cyangwa ngo ibe ikomeye cyane ku buryo yitwa 'Autistic Disorder'. Iri zina ryakoreshwaga mu kuvuga abana bari hagati ya . |
| Indwara ya Autistic | Iyi ni yo ndwara abantu benshi bakundaga kwita 'autisme'. Irimo ibibazo bikomeye mu nzego zose uko ari eshatu: imibanire, itumanaho, n'imyitwarire. |
| Indwara yo kwangirika kw'abana | Ibi nibyo byari ku rwego rwo hejuru.Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane kandi ikomeye cyane. Muri iyi ndwara, umwana akura neza kugeza afite hagati y'imyaka 2 na 4, hanyuma agatakaza ubuhanga bwose yize (imivugire, ubuhanga bwo kubana n'abandi, no gukina). Akenshi, abo bana barwara indwara yo gucika intege. |
None se kuki aya mazina adakoreshwa ubu?
Abaganga n'abashakashatsi babonye ko ubwo bwoko bwo gushyira mu byiciro ntacyo bumaze cyane. Kubera ko aba bana bose bafite ubwoko bumwe bw'ibibazo, ariko ku rugero rutandukanye. Bityo ubu bose babashyize munsi y'umwenda umwe, witwa 'autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Iyo umwana asuzumwe , ubu ashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe urwego rw'ubufasha akeneye.
Ese Rett Syndrome na yo ni ubwoko bwa autism?
Iki kandi ni ikibazo abantu benshi bahura nacyo. Mu bihe byashize, indwara yitwa Rett Syndrome nayo yafatwaga nk'indwara ya autism spectrum. Ibi biterwa nuko ibimenyetso byayo bisa cyane n'ibya autisme.
Ariko ubu siyansi yarateye imbere. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko impamvu ya Rett Syndrome ari ihinduka ry’uturemangingo . Ibyo bivuze ko impamvu nyayo izwi. Ku ndwara ya autism spectrum, hari impamvu imwe y’uturemangingo itaraboneka. Kubwibyo, Rett Syndrome ntabwo ifatwa nk’indwara ya autism spectrum (ASD).
Kuki kumenya indwara hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane?
Niba ubonye impinduka cyangwa gutinda mu myitwarire y'umwana wawe, imvugo ye, cyangwa imikurire ye, ntubyirengagize. Ntugategereze gusa ngo "Bizagenda neza uko igihe kigenda gihita." Uko ubonye indwara nk'iyi vuba, niko umusaruro uba mwiza.
Gusuzuma indwara si ugushyiraho ikimenyetso ku mwana, ahubwo ni ugusobanukirwa neza ubufasha umwana akeneye.
Iyo umwana abimenye hakiri kare, ashobora gutangira kuvurwa no kuvura byihutirwa vuba. Urugero:
- Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire : Kunoza imivugire.
- Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Gufasha mu mirimo ya buri munsi, gukina, no kwiga ku giti cyawe.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire: Kugenzura imyitwarire idakwiye no guteza imbere ubumenyi bwiza.
Uko ubu buvuzi butangira kare, niko bugira ingaruka nyinshi ku mikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana. Niba rero ufite gushidikanya na gato ku mwana wawe, ndakwinginze.Shaka inama ku Muganga w’Abaganga b’Abana cyangwa Inzobere mu by’indwara zo mu mutwe z’abana n’ingimbi . Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza ushobora gukorera umwana wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) si indwara imwe. Ifite urwego rutandukanye, kuva ku rworoshye kugeza ku rukomeye, nk'amabara y'umukororombya.
- Nubwo abaganga batagikoresha amazina ya kera nka Asperger na PDD-NOS, kumenya icyo asobanura bishobora kuguha ubumenyi.
- Rett Syndrome ntabwo ikiri indwara iri mu cyiciro cya autism, kuko ubu byagaragaye ko iterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo.
- Niba ufite impungenge ku mikurire y'umwana wawe cyangwa imyitwarire ye, ntubyirengagize. Shaka muganga wujuje ibisabwa vuba bishoboka. Gusuzuma hakiri kare no kumuvura vuba ni zo mpano nziza ushobora guha umwana wawe.
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