Ese twavuga ku buryo bwo kuvura bufasha abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe?

Ni ibisanzwe kumva uremerewe kandi uhangayitse iyo umenye ko umwana wawe afite autisme. Ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Nkore iki ubu?" Ariko ntugatinye cyangwa ngo wumve uri wenyine. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha umwana wawe guteza imbere ubumenyi bwe , kugabanya ibimenyetso bye, no koroshya ubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi. Ibisubizo biba byiza cyane iyo ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gutangira hakiri kare, nko mu gihe cy'amashuri y'incuke. Ariko ntibitinda cyane, kandi ubuvuzi bushobora gutangira mu myaka iyo ari yo yose.

Mu by’ukuri, abahanga bakugira inama yo gusuzuma ubu buryo bw’ubuvuzi ukimara gukeka ko ufite autisme, aho gutegereza ko muganga akwemeza ko umwana wawe ayirwaye (gusuzuma byemewe). Kuko bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo ubone isuzuma nyaryo, harimo ibizamini no kubonana n’abaganga b’inzobere. Reka turebere hamwe uburyo buzwi kandi butanga umusaruro bushobora gufasha umwana ufite autisme.

Uburyo bwo kuvura umukino

Abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bakunze gukina mu buryo butandukanye gato n'ubw'abandi bana. Bashobora kwibanda ku gice kimwe gusa cy'igikinisho (nk'amapine y'imodoka) aho gukoresha igikinisho cyose. Nanone ntibakora "imikino yo kwiyitirira" nk'abandi bana. Bashobora no kudashaka gukina n'abandi.

Ariko ku bana benshi bafite indwara ya Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), gukina ni uburyo bwo kugaragaza amarangamutima yabo. Ibikinisho byabo n'ibikorwa byabo bishobora kuba amagambo yabo. Binyuze muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura, abana biga ibintu bishya kandi bakubaka umubano ufite akamaro n'abantu bakuru n'abandi bana.

Ni izihe nyungu z'ubu buryo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe?

• Ubumenyi mu mibanire n'abandi no mu byiyumvo burimo gukura.
• Bifasha gutekereza mu buryo butandukanye.
• Ubumenyi bw'ururimi n'itumanaho buratera imbere.
• Uburyo ibikinisho bikoreshwa n'uko bikorana n'abandi buri kwiyongera.

Ubuvuzi bw'akazi (OT)

Nubwo byitwa "ubuvuzi bw'akazi", ntabwo ari ibijyanye n'akazi. Bifasha umwana mu bikorwa bye bya buri munsi . Mu magambo make, ibintu nko gupfunyika amapfundo ku ishati, gufata ikiyiko cyangwa ikanya neza, gufunga imishumi y'inkweto, nibindi. Bishobora kandi kuba birimo ubuhanga ubwo aribwo bwose bukenewe ku ishuri, ku kazi, cyangwa mu mikino.

Umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima bw’umwana yitonze, agasuzuma ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora imirimo ijyanye n’imyaka ye, hanyuma agategura gahunda y’ubuvuzi yihariye ku mwana kandi ihuye n’ibyo akeneye n’intego ze.

Ni ibihe bintu ubuvuzi bw'akazi bushobora gufasha?

• Imirimo ya buri munsi: Ibintu nko kwimenyereza ubwiherero, kwambara, koza amenyo.
• Ubuhanga mu mikorere y'umubiri: Ibintu nko gufata ikaramu no kwandika, gukata ukoresheje imikasi.
• Ubuhanga mu mikorere y'umubiri : Kugenda n'amaguru, kuzamuka ingazi, kugendera ku igare.
• Gukomeza imiterere, ubuhanga bwo gutekereza: gutandukanya amabara n'imiterere.
• Kumenya umubiri: Gusobanukirwa umubiri wawe n'ahantu hawukikije.
• Ubuhanga nko gukina, gukemura ibibazo, no gutumanaho .

Guteza imbere ubu buhanga bifasha umwana kubaka umubano n'abandi, gukomeza kwibanda ku kazi, no gucunga amarangamutima ye.

Ubuvuzi bw'Imivugire

Abana benshi bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bafite ibibazo bikomeye mu itumanaho ritari iryo mu magambo, ndetse no mu mivugire. Urugero, bashobora kugorwa no kureba mu maso, gukoresha ibimenyetso by'intoki, no gutegereza igihe cyabo igihe undi muntu arimo kuvuga. Niyo mpamvu uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe ari igice cy'ingenzi cyane mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe.

Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu mivugire no mu itumanaho ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe harimo:

• Ntavuga na gato.
• Gukora amajwi atandukanye (urusaku, induru).
• Kuvuga mu gihe baririmba mu buryo bw'umuziki.
• Gusubiramo ibyo abandi bavuga (ibi byitwa `echolalia`).
• Kuvuga nk'imashini ya roboti, nta marangamutima, nubwo avuga amagambo n'interuro.
• Kutareba mu maso iyo uvuga.
• Kudasobanukirwa neza icyo amagambo asobanura.

Umuganga w’indwara z’ururimi rw’imivugire azamenya ibyo bibazo kandi ashake uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza ubuhanga bw’umwana mu itumanaho. Bashobora kandi gutanga inama ku bundi buryo mu gihe umwana atavuga.

• Gusobanura ibitekerezo hakoreshejwe amashusho.
• Ururimi rw'amarenga.
• "Abavugana b'ikoranabuhanga".

Isesengura ry'Imyitwarire Ikoreshwa (ABA)

Ubu kandi ni uburyo bwo kuvura buzwi cyane kandi bugira ingaruka nziza. Mu magambo make, iyo umwana akoze ikintu cyiza, cyangwa yitwaye mu buryo twiteze, tumushishikariza iyo myitwarire tumuha 'ibihembo'. Iki gihembo gishobora kuba igikinisho akunda, utuntu duto two kurya, cyangwa ishimwe nka "Byiza cyane."

Muri ubu buryo, ababyeyi banatozwa gukorana n'abana babo mu rugo muri ubu buryo. Ibi bishobora kunoza uburyo umwana aganira n'abandi, ubuhanga bwe mu mibanire n'abandi, ndetse no gukora ibintu byinshi, nko ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora. Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwa ABA therapy:

• Amahugurwa yo mu igerageza ryihariye (DTT):Imyitwarire cyangwa ubuhanga byigishwa mu kubigabanyamo intambwe zoroshye zishoboka.
• Uburyo bwo Kwita ku Myifatire mu Buryo Bukomeye (EIBI): Ubu buryo bwa ABA bwagenewe abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura umwana mu buryo bw’ingenzi (PRT): Kwibanda ku bintu by’ingenzi cyane mu mikurire ye (urugero: kwicunga, gufata iya mbere mu mibanire ye n’abandi).
• Uburyo bwo Kwita ku Myifatire mu Mivugo (VBI): Intego ni ukunoza ubuhanga bw'umwana mu kuvuga.

Gutembera ku Ifarashi mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi

Abaganga nabo babyita "hippotherapy." Ubu buryo butandukanye gato, ariko bufite akamaro cyane. Bukubiyemo umwana ugendera ku ifarashi ayobowe n'umuvuzi. Uko ifarashi igenda, umwana agomba kuringaniza umubiri we no gusubiza iyo ngendo. Ni nk'ubuvuzi bw'umubiri. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibi byongera ubushobozi bw'abana mu mibanire n'abandi no mu itumanaho, kandi bigafasha kugabanya kuruhuka no gukora cyane.