Ese umwana wawe azaba ari mu kaga mu gihe cyo kuvuka? Reka twige ku bijyanye n'imvune zo mu gihe cyo kuvuka.

Buri mubyeyi na se bagira ubwoba iyo bategereje umwana, si byo se? Baribaza niba umwana azaba ameze neza, niba hari ikibazo kizabaho. Akenshi ibintu byose bigenda neza, ariko rimwe na rimwe iyo umwana aje muri iyi si, hashobora kubaho imvune nto, byitwa 'imvune zo mu gihe cyo kubyara'. Ariko ntugahangayike, ibi akenshi biba ari ibintu bito.

Iki gikomere cyo kubyara ni iki?

Mu magambo make, imvune yo kubyara, cyangwa nk'uko abaganga babyita, 'ihungabana ryo kubyara umwana ukiri muto', ni ingaruka iyo ari yo yose ibaho ku mwana uri kuvuka. Ibi ntabwo bikunze kubaho cyane, kandi akenshi biba ari imvune nto. Ariko, ni gake cyane, indwara zikomeye zishobora kubaho kandi zigasaba ubundi buvuzi.

Abaganga n'abaforomo bavura wowe n'umwana wawe bose bagerageza gukumira izi ngaruka cyangwa nibura kugabanya ingaruka zazo. Ariko ibuka ko nta muntu ushobora kugenzura neza uko kubyara kwawe bizagenda. Nanone, ibuka ko niba ikintu nk'iki kibaye, atari wowe ubyiteye na gato .

Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko ntacyo wakora. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku bijyanye no kubyara, baza umuganga wawe w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi. Ashobora kugufasha ndetse wenda no kukwigisha uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kubyara bigoranye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kubyara bishobora kugabanywamo amoko menshi y'ingenzi. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

• Ibikomere byo ku ruhu rw'umwana: Ibikomere ku ruhu rw'umutwe w'umwana. Ibi nibyo bikunze kugaragara cyane.
• Kuvunika kw'amagufwa: Hari igihe, iyo umwana asohotse, igufwa ryo ku kuboko, ku kuguru, cyangwa ku igufwa ry'umugongo rishobora kuvunika.
• Ibikomere byo mu maso: Ibikomere bito mu maso no kuva amaraso mu maso bishobora kubaho.
• Kuva amaraso mu gahanga: Iyi ni indwara isaba impungenge.
• Kwangirika kw'imitsi: Mu gihe cyo kubyara, hari imitsi ishobora kwangirika bitewe no gukandamizwa.
• Ibikomere byo mu bwonko: Ibi nabyo ni gake cyane, ariko bishobora kuba bikomeye iyo bibaye.

Muri rusange, ibikomere byo kubyara si ibintu bidasanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2021 bwagaragaje ko hari ibikomere 29 gusa ku bana 1000 bavutse ari bazima. Muri abo 29, 23 byari ibikomere byo ku mutwe. Nta byinshi byo guhangayikishwa na byo, si byo se?

Ni ibihe bikomere bikunze kugaragara mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Reka noneho tuvuge kuri zimwe mu nkovu zikunze kugaragara mu gihe cyo kubyara. Ushobora kuba warumvise zimwe muri zo.

• Amagufwa yo mu kagozi/imitsi yo mu kagozi yavunitse:Ibi bikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo kubyara iyo umwana afite ikibazo cyo gusohoka, nko mu gihe urutugu rwafashe. Ariko rukira vuba, kandi rimwe na rimwe nta buvuzi bwihariye bukenewe.
• 'Caput Succedaneum': Iki ni cyo gihe uruhu rwo ku mutwe w'umwana uvutse rubyimba. Rusa n'ikibyimba ku mutwe. Ibi bizashira ubwabyo mu minsi mike. Nta mpungenge bifite.
• Cephalohematoma: Iyi ni agace gato k'amaraso munsi y'uruhu rw'umutwe w'umwana. Iboneka ahantu henshi kuruta 'caput'. Ibi kandi akenshi bikira ubwabyo mu byumweru bike.
• Erb's Palsy: Ibi bibaho iyo brachial plexus, urusobe rw'imitsi iva mu ijosi ijya ku kuboko, yangiritse. Ibi bishobora gutera intege nke cyangwa ubumuga mu kuboko k'umwana. Ibi bishobora gusaba ubuvuzi nko kuvurwa n'umubiri.
• Kubyimba kw'amaso: Iki nacyo ni ikintu gito kandi kizakira vuba.
• Uruhu rw'uruhago rw'umwana ukiri mu nda: Aka ni agace gato k'ibinure biri munsi y'uruhu rw'umwana byangiritse. Bishobora kugaragara nk'utubyimba duto ku ruhu. Ibi akenshi bikira ubwabyo.
• Kurema imitsi yo mu maso: Muri iki gihe, imitsi yo ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura y'umwana irakandamizwa, bigatuma urwo ruhande rugwa gato. Urugero, umunwa ushobora kunama ujya ku ruhande rumwe iyo urira. Akenshi, ibi biba iby'igihe gito kandi bigashira mu minsi mike.
• Kuvunika kw'igufwa ryo hejuru ry'ukuboko (Humerus).
• Kuvunika kw'inyuma y'umugongo. Ibi ntibikunze kugaragara cyane nk'ivunika ry'igufwa ry'umugongo.
• Kuva amaraso mu bwonko - urugero, kuva amaraso mu bwonko. Ibi ni indwara zisaba kwitabwaho.
• Gucika kw'isura cyangwa umutwe.
• Urugero, gukomereka ku mazuru, ni ukuvuga septum yavuye mu mazuru.
• Kuva amaraso mu maso cyangwa mu gice cy'amaso. Ibi bikunze gutera gutukura mu maso, ariko bigakira vuba kandi ntibigira ingaruka ku kureba.
• Kuvunika kw'agahanga. Ibi ni gake cyane.

Ibikomere bidasanzwe kandi bidakunze kugaragara ku bana batwite

Noneho reka turebe zimwe mu mvune zo mu gihe cyo kubyara zidakunze kugaragara cyangwa zidakunze kugaragara. Zimwe muri zo zishobora kuba zikomeye cyane, bityo ni byiza kuzimenya.

• Ubwoko bw'amaraso ava mu bwonko, nko kuva amaraso mu gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko cyangwa mu gice cya kabiri cy'ubwonko, ni indwara zisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.
• Kwangirika k'ubwonko guterwa no kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni (Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy / HIE).Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo umwana afite ikibazo cy'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni uboneka mu gihe cyo kubyara.
• Kwangirika kw'ingingo z'imbere, urugero, kuva amaraso mu mwijima cyangwa mu muhogo.
• Kuvunika kw'imbavu.
• Ibikomere byo mu mugongo. Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe cyane, ariko ikomeye cyane.
• Kuva amaraso mu gice cy'umutwe: Uku kuva amaraso menshi hagati y'uruhu rw'umutwe n'ururabyo rutwikiriye umutwe. Iyi ni indwara isaba kwitabwaho byihuse.

Zimwe muri izi mpanuka zidasanzwe zishobora kuba zikomeye cyane. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira neza uburyo impanuka iteye ku mwana wawe. Ni ngombwa kumva ibyo bavuga nta bwoba.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'igikomere cyo mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Igikomere cyo mu gihe cy'ivuka gishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye, bitewe n'imiterere y'igikomere. Dore ingero nke:

• Impinduka zo hanze: Kubyimba (Ecchymosis) , kubyimba (Edema) , utudomo duto twahinduye ibara ry'uruhu (Petechiae) . Hari ibice bimwe by'uruhinja bishobora kuba bifite ubururu kandi bikabyimba.
• Kudashobora kwimura ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri: Ibi bishobora guterwa no kuvunika kw'igufwa cyangwa kwangirika kw'imitsi. Urugero, niba udashobora kwimura ukuboko kumwe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yitwa Erb's Palsy.
• Ingorane zo konsa. Niba umwana adakonka neza cyangwa arimo kuruka nyuma yo konsa, ibyo nabyo bigomba gusuzumwa.
• Impinduka mu myitwarire, nko kurira kenshi no kubura ituze. Niba umwana wawe arira kenshi cyangwa bigoye kumuhumuriza, bibwira muganga wawe na byo.
• Ijwi rituje, guhuha iyo urira (Stridor).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Indwara zimeze nk'iz'icyorezo.

Ubonye kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ni byiza guhita ugisha inama kwa muganga.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ibikomere mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zitera ibikomere mu gihe cyo kubyara. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo:

• Iyo umwana afite ikibazo cyo gusohoka mu nzira y'ivuka: Urugero, mu bihe nka dystocia yo mu matugu cyangwa macrocephaly , umutwe w'umwana uba munini cyane. Uko umwana agenda akura, biragoye gusohoka mu nzira y'ivuka ya nyina.
• Mu gihe abaganga bagerageza kwimura umwana no kumushyira mu mwanya we neza mu gihe cyo kubyara, hari igihe bagomba guhindura aho umwana ahagaze.
• Bitewe n'ingaruka zo kubyimba mu nzira y'imbyaro. Uku kubyimba ni byo bituma umwana asohoka, ariko rimwe na rimwe uwo muvuduko ushobora no gutera imvune nto.
• Mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho by'ubufasha: Urugero, iyo ukuraho umwana ukoresheje 'vacuum' (Vacuum Extraction Delivery)Gutanga ibyuma bikingira umwana , cyangwa kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa C-section rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera imvune nto. Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa, ku bw'umutekano w'umubyeyi n'umwana.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera imvune mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera imvune mu gihe cyo kubyara. Ibyo ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ubwinshi bw'ibiro mu gihe cyo kuvuka: Ibi byago biri hejuru ku bana bapima ibiro birenga 4 (ibiro 8 na ounces 13), ni ukuvuga abana bafite ' fetal macrosomia '.
• Kubyara umwana udafite ibiro byinshi cyangwa umwana utaravuka: Ibi byago biri hejuru ku bana bavutse igihe kitageze cyangwa abana bato cyane, kuko imibiri yabo iba yoroshye cyane.
• Aho umwana ahagaze: Iyo umwana adashyizwe neza, urugero, mu mwanya wo ku kanwa , hari amahirwe menshi yo kugira impanuka.
• Ingano y'umutwe: Ibi bishobora kubaho ku bana bafite umutwe munini. Nanone, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera umutwe munini.
• Kubyara bigoranye: Iyo kubyara bigoye kandi bigafata igihe kirekire cyane, amahirwe yo gukora impanuka aba menshi.
• Kubyara vuba: Ibi bishobora kubaho nubwo umwana yavuka vuba cyane kuruta uko bisanzwe.
• Diyabete: Abana bavutse ku babyeyi barwaye diyabete baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuvukana imvune. Ibi biterwa nuko diyabete ishobora gutuma umwana aba munini. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• Imiterere y'umubiri wa nyina: Hari igihe, imiterere imwe n'imwe y'umubiri wa nyina, urugero nk'imiterere y'ikibuno , ishobora gutuma kubyara bigorana. Nanone, ingano y'umutwe w'umwana n'ikibuno cya nyina bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri we.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kubyara bishobora gutera ingorane zitandukanye. Zimwe muri zo ni:

• Indwara yo mu bwonko: Iki ni ikibazo cyo kugenda no guhagarara neza giterwa no kwangirika k'ubwonko.
• Ihungabana ry'umwana uri mu nda: Umwana agira ikibazo cyo kumererwa nabi mu gihe ari mu nda.
• Umuhondo w'umuhondo uvuka uterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'ibipimo bya bilirubini (hyperbilirubinemia).
• Meconium Aspiration Syndrome: Ibi bibaho iyo umwana yiyuhagiye akiri mu nda agahumeka amazi. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara zo mu bihaha.
• Indwara yo guhumeka: Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Hakenewe imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu guhumeka cyangwa CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure).
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Sepsis: Indwara ikomeye ikwirakwira mu mubiri wose.
• Tachypnea y'igihe gito: Guhumeka vuba by'igihe gito.

Izi ngorane ntizibaho muri buri mpanuka y'ivuka, ariko ni ngombwa kuzimenya.

Ni gute umuntu yamenya igikomere yatewe n'ivuka?

Abaganga b'inzobere mu kubyara n'abaganga b'abagore (Ob/Gyns), abaganga b'abana bato, cyangwa abaganga b'indwara zo mu nda basuzuma izi mvune zo kubyara. Bakoresha uburyo butandukanye:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma umwana ako kanya nyuma yo kuvuka. Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba afite ibibazo byo kuvuka n'ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kuvuka. Umutwe, amaguru n'igituza byose bisuzumwa neza.
• Ishusho yo gusuzuma: Ibizamini nka ultrasound yo mu bwonko, CT scan , cyangwa X-rays bishobora gufasha kumenya ibikomere n'imvune mu mubiri w'umwana. Ni gake cyane , MRI nazo zikoreshwa.
• Gupima amaraso: Gupima amaraso muri laboratwari bishobora gufasha abaganga kubona imvune zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu gihe cyo kubyara, nk'indwara zandurira mu maraso n'urugero rwa bilirubin.

Ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa bitewe n'uko ibintu bimeze. Muganga w'umwana wawe ashobora kukubwira byinshi kuri ibi bizamini n'impamvu ari ingirakamaro.

Igikomere cyo mu gihe cyo kuvuka givurwa gite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura igikomere cyo mu gihe cyo kubyara buterwa ahanini n'imiterere y'igikomere. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kwitegereza no Kwitegereza: Ibikomere byinshi byo kubyara bikira ubwabyo. Urugero, kuvunika guto kw'amagufwa yo mu gituza, caput succedaneum, no kwangirika guto kw'imitsi yo mu gituza. Abaganga bazabikurikirana kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by'ibikomere.
• Kudakora: Iyo igufwa ryo ku kuboko cyangwa ku kuguru ryavunitse, umwana azakenera kugorwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi kugeza akize. Ibi bishobora gusaba kwambara agakoresho kabigenewe cyangwa umukandara.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri bufasha cyane ku mvune zo mu mitsi yo mu bwonko. Bufasha mu kwirinda ingorane nko kwangirika kw'imitsi cyangwa intege nke z'imitsi. Umwana ahabwa imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo akomeze imitsi.
• Kubaga:Hari ubwo kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu nk'ibisebe. Kubagwa kandi bikorwa kugira ngo amaraso adaterana mu gahanga k'umwana kandi bigashyira igitutu ku bwonko. Hari ubwo kubagwa bishobora no gufasha kwangirika kw'imitsi binyuze mu kohereza ibimenyetso by'imitsi hirya no hino mu bwonko.

Bitewe n'uko ibintu bimeze, itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rishobora kukugira inama y'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Muganga w'umwana wawe ashobora kukubwira byinshi kuri ibi no kukugira inama y'uburyo bwo kuvura.

Bigenda bite iyo umwana wanjye agize imvune mu gihe cyo kubyara?

Uko igikomere cyo kubyara gihagaze biterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bw'igikomere n'uburemere bwacyo. Ariko muri rusange, igipimo cy'igikomere kinini cyo kubyara—cyane cyane ibikunze kugaragara—ni cyiza cyane. Mu myaka mike ishize, impuguke zakoze cyane kugira ngo zongere ibyago byo kubyara n'uburyo bivurwa. Ibikomere bikomeye byo kubyara ntibikunze kugaragara cyane ubu ugereranyije n'uko byari bimeze mu myaka 30 ishize. Mu 1993, ibikomere byo kubyara byari impamvu ya 11 y'impfu mu bana bavutse. Ariko kuva mu 2007, ibikomere byo kubyara ntabwo byari kuri urwo rutonde. Si byiza se?

Ni iki nkwiye kwitega mu gihe umwana wanjye agize imvune mu gihe yavutse?

Niba umwana wawe afite imvune mu gihe cyo kubyara, itsinda ry’abaganga rizakora uko rishoboye kose kugira ngo ricunge imvune kandi rikuganirize ku biri kuba. Imvune nyinshi mu gihe cyo kubyara ziba ari nto kandi ntizisaba kwitabwaho cyane. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuguma mu bitaro n’umwana wawe kugeza igihe umwana wawe azaba akize bihagije kugira ngo atahe.

Ugiye mu rugo, muganga wawe azakubwira uburyo bwo kwita ku mwana wawe, ibyo ugomba kwitondera, n'ibindi. Biroroshye kwibagirwa ibintu birimo kubura ibitotsi bizanwa no kubyara, bityo byaba byiza kwandika aya mabwiriza cyangwa gusaba kopi yacapwe.

Igikuru ni uko, niba hari ikintu udasobanukiwe, niba ufite ubwoba cyangwa gushidikanya, ntugatinye kubibwira muganga. Ntibabangamirwa no kugusobanurira ibintu no gutuma wumva umerewe neza. Kuko nabo bashaka gukora icyakugirira akamaro wowe n'umwana wawe.

Ese ibikomere byo kubyara bishobora kwirindwa?

Ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kubyara ntibishobora kwirindwa burundu, ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ushobora gukora mu gihe utwite bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara ibi bikomere.

• Vugana n'umuganga w'abagore/inzobere mu by'abagore vuba bishoboka. Ashobora kugufasha kwitegura mbere yuko utwita. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora kukwohereza ku baganga b'inzobere nka perinatologists.
• Genzura indwara zawe zidakira.Umuganga wawe w’inzobere mu kubyara cyangwa abaganga b’inda bashobora kugufasha kumenya uburyo bwo guhangana n’izi ndwara. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo gukomereka mu gihe cyo kubyara biterwa n’indwara nka diyabete.
• Kora gahunda yo kubyara. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ku buryo bwihariye cyangwa uburyo bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo gukomereka mu gihe cyo kubyara. Bashobora kandi kukubwira gahunda zo gutabara, urugero nko kubagwa mu kibuno ari amahitamo meza kuri wowe n'umwana wawe.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo gukomereka mu gihe cyo kubyara. Abaganga, abaforomo, n'abandi bakozi bo kwa muganga bose bazakorana kugira ngo bagufashe wowe n'umwana wawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga w'umwana wanjye?

Ni byiza kubaza muganga w'umwana wawe ibi bibazo:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imvune umwana wanjye afite mu gihe cyo kubyara?
• Ni ikintu gikomeye gute?
• Ese ikeneye kuvurwa?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura (niba buhari) usaba?
• Ni ryari umwana wanjye ashobora gutaha?
• Ni iki nkwiye kwitondera iyo njyanye umwana wanjye mu rugo?
• Ni ryari nkwiye guhamagara ibiro byawe cyangwa kuzana umwana mu bitaro?

Ni ryari nkwiye kujyana umwana wanjye kwa muganga?

Muganga w'umwana wawe azashyiraho gahunda yo gukurikirana umwana, cyangwa akwohereze kwa muganga w'abana ushobora gukomeza kwita ku mwana wawe. Bazajya bamusura buri gihe kugira ngo bakurikirane uko umwana wawe akira kandi barebe neza ko ibintu byose bigenda neza. Bashobora kandi guhindura gahunda yo kumuvura bibaye ngombwa.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujyana umwana wanjye kwa muganga?

Muganga w'umwana wawe azakubwira ibintu bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Urugero (ariko ntibigarukira kuri):

• Iyo umwana afite ikibazo cyo guhumeka .
• Niba ibikorwa byaragabanutse (Ubunebwe) , ni ukuvuga niba hari ikintu kidakora kandi kidafite ubuzima.
• Iyo uruhu rukonje, rusa n'urujijo, cyangwa rwahinduye ibara .
• Niba agatambaro kamaze amasaha 12 cyangwa arenga karumye (ni ukuvuga niba nta nkweto zabayeho).
• Niba udatuje cyangwa usinziriye mu buryo budasanzwe .
• Niba utanywa amata.

Nubona ibintu nk'ibi, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba kandi nibiba ngombwa, ubijyane kwa muganga.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Ushobora kuba waratekereje ko ivuka ry'umwana wawe ari igihe cyiza kandi gishimishije. Kumenya ko umwana wawe yakomeretse mu gihe cyo kubyara si ikintu umubyeyi mushya yifuza kumva. Ibikomere mu gihe cyo kubyara si ibintu bidasanzwe. Ariko nubwo wowe n'abandi bose bakwitaho hamwe n'umwana wawe mukora byose neza, hari igihe ibintu nk'ibi bishobora kubaho.

Ariko ikintu gishimishije ni uko,Inshuro nyinshi z'imvune zo mu gihe cyo kubyara ziba ari nto kandi zikemuka ubwazo nta bufasha buhagije cyangwa nta n'ubwo zihari. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, abaganga b'umwana wawe bazaba bahari kugira ngo batangire kuvura vuba bishoboka.

Niba hari ikintu utumva, cyangwa niba hari ikintu gihangayikishije cyangwa giteye ubwoba, vugana na muganga w'umwana wawe. Bashobora kugusobanurira ibintu no kuguhuza n'abandi bahanga bashobora kugufasha guhangana n'iki kibazo. Ntugahangayike, nturi wenyine!

` Impanuka z'abana bavutse, ibikomere by'abana bavutse, umwana ukiri muto, kubyara, ibikomere by'abana, ibikomere by'umutwe, kwangirika kw'imitsi, inama z'abaganga