Ese wigeze wumva umuntu avuga ko afite 'ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko' cyangwa 'ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko'? Wenda wigeze wumva muganga abivuga ubwo yarebaga raporo y'inshuti ye. Bityo ushobora kuba ufite ikibazo ku bijyanye n'icyo 'ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko' ari cyo. Muri make, aha ni ahantu ingingo z'ubwonko zangiritse mu buryo runaka. Uku kwangirika gushobora guterwa n'impanuka ku mutwe, cyangwa bitewe n'indwara cyangwa ikibazo runaka. Urugero, stroke ni indwara yangiza ubwonko, ni ukuvuga itera ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko.
Bigenda bite iyo ubwonko bwangiritse?
Tekereza ko ubwonko bwacu bumeze nk'ikigo cy'itumanaho gikuru mu gihugu. Ibintu byose biri mu mubiri biragenzurwa, amakuru yose anyura muri iki kigo. Iri tumanaho rikorwa binyuze mu majwi y'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire. Noneho tekereza, bigenda bite iyo insinga icitse ahantu hamwe muri iki kigo, cyangwa niba hari ubwoko bw'imbogamizi? Ibyo bibaho iyo igice cy'ubwonko cyangiritse. Itumanaho muri icyo gice cyangiritse rirangirika. Uko ibyangiritse bigenda birushaho kwiyongera, iri hagarara naryo ririyongera. Niyo mpamvu buri kimenyetso, urugero nko kubura ibyiyumvo by'umubiri, impinduka mu maso, no kuvuga nabi, bibaho.
Igikuru ni uko ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bigenzura imikorere itandukanye. Kubwibyo, ibimenyetso biratandukana bitewe n'aho byangiritse. Muganga azatega amatwi ibimenyetso byawe maze arebe aho ikibazo kiri mu bwonko.
Ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko n'ibimenyetso by'ibyangiritse
Reka turebe ibimenyetso bigaragara iyo ibice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko byangiritse. Ibi biragoye gato, ariko nzabisobanura mu mbonerahamwe nk'iyi kugira ngo byoroshye kubisobanukirwa.
| Agace k'ubwonko | Imikorere igenzurwa | Ibimenyetso iyo byangiritse |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwonko - Ijisho ry'imbere (imbere y'umutwe) | Gutegura, kwita ku bandi, kwiga, imico, kugenzura ingendo, kuvuga (gushinga amagambo) | - Ingorane zo kwiga - Ibibazo byo kwita ku bintu - Kurakara, impinduka mu myitwarire - Kudatuza, kugorwa no kuvuga (Broca's Aphasia) - Gutakaza ubwenge ku ruhande rumwe cyangwa igice kimwe cy'umubiri - Kubura impumuro (Anosmia) |
| Ubwenge - Ijisho ry'igihe gito (Ku mpande zombi z'umutwe) | Gusobanukirwa gutega amatwi, kwibuka, gusobanukirwa ururimi | - Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibivugwa (Wernicke's Aphasia) - Ibibazo byo kumenya neza ibyo wumvise |
| Ubwenge - Parietal Lobe (Hejuru y'umutwe) | Ibyumviro nko gukoraho, ububabare, ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwo kwandika no kwandika | - Kubura ibinya mu ngingo (ariko ibi akenshi biba ikibazo cy'imitsi) - Kutabasha kwandika (Agraphia) - Kudashobora kubara (Acalculia) - Kudashobora kumenya intoki zawe bwite - Guhinduranya ibumoso ujya iburyo |
| Ubwonko - Occipital Lobe (Umutwe w'inyuma) | Iyerekwa, kumenya icyo umuntu abona | - Kubura amaso bitewe n'ikibazo mu bwonko, nubwo amaso ameze neza (Cortical blindness) - Kudashobora kumenya amabara (Achromatopsia) - Kudashobora kumenya amasura (Prosopagnosia) - Kugorwa no kumenya icyo ubona |
| Cerebellum (Inyuma y'agahanga, igice cyo hasi) | Kuringaniza umubiri, kugenzura neza ingendo, kunyeganyega kw'amaso | - Kugorwa no kugenzura imitsi mu gihe uvuga (Dysartria) - Kuzungera - Ubumuga - Guhinda imishyitsi - Kubona ibintu bibiri icyarimwe (Diplopia) |
| Umuyoboro w'ubwonko (Igice gihuza ubwonko n'umugongo) | Guhumeka, umuvuduko w'umutima, umuvuduko w'amaraso, gukomeza gutekereza | - Ibibazo byo guhumeka n'umutima utera cyane - Impinduka mu muvuduko w'amaraso - Kugorwa no gukomeza kureba imbere - Gutakaza ubwenge cyangwa koma |
Ni iki gitera ubu bwoko bw'ubwonko kwangirika?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ubwonko bugira ikibazo. Reka tubicemo ibice bibiri.
Bitewe n'uburwayi
- Ibitero by'indwara ya Stroke cyangwa inshinge y'igihe gito (TIAs).
- Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko bishobora kuba kanseri cyangwa se bikaba ari bibi.
- Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nka Multiple Sclerosis (MS) .
- Indwara ziterwa n'izabukuru, nka Alzheimer's disease na Parkinson's disease .
- Indwara y'igicuri n'indwara zo mu mutwe.
- Indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n'udukoko nka bagiteri, virusi n'ibihumyo.
- Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zivukanwa.
Bitewe n'impamvu n'impanuka ziturutse hanze
- Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane kubabara mu mutwe no gukomereka bikomeye mu bwonko.
- Nk'ingaruka mbi zo kubagwa, kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire, cyangwa imiti ivura indwara ya chimiotherapie.
- Kurya uburozi nk'ibyuma biremereye.
Ni gute umuganga asuzuma iyi ndwara?
Ubusanzwe, nyuma yuko muganga arangije kumva ibimenyetso byawe, azakora isuzuma ry’imitsi. Ibi bizasuzuma imbaraga z’ukuboko n’amaguru yawe, imbaraga z’umubiri wawe, n’uko wumva ibintu (niba hari icyo wumva).
Nyuma y'iki gipimo ni bwo bwoherezwa gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe neza niba hari ibyangiritse mu bwonko.
- Isuzuma rya CT (Computed Tomography)
- Isuzuma rya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Isuzuma rya PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa scan bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira birambuye ibizamini ukeneye gukora n'impamvu.
Ivurwa ite?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera kwangirika k'ubwonko, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye. Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'icyateye kwangirika.
- Hari igihe ikintu nk'indwara yo mu mutwe ikira ubwacyo iyo umuntu aruhutse bihagije.
- Iyo byatewe n'ubwandu, bishobora kuvurwa n'imiti igabanya ubukana.
- Niba ari ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko, birashoboka kuyikuraho ukoresheje kubagwa, bitewe n'aho iherereye.
- Hari udusebe duto cyane ku buryo tutanatera ibimenyetso, bityo ntibisaba kuvurwa.
Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyo kwangirika k'ubwonko gukomeye cyangwa guterwa n'indwara idakira nka Alzheimer's, biragoye gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse. Rero, ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe ku buryo bwiza bwo kuvura.
Ese ibintu nk'ibi bishobora kwirindwa?
Dushobora gukumira kwangirika k'ubwonko guterwa n'impamvu zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane impanuka n'ibindi bifitanye isano n'imibereho yacu.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye. Indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera kwangirika k'ubwonko. Indyo nziza ishobora kugabanya iyo ngaruka binyuze mu gutuma imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe ikomeza kubaho neza.
- Komeza gukora siporo kandi ugire ibiro byiza. Imyitozo ngororamubiri no kugenzura ibiro bishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
- Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda. Kwambara ingofero ni itegeko iyo utwaye igare cyangwa moto. Kwambara umukandara w'imodoka iyo utwaye imodoka bishobora kugufasha kurokora ubuzima. Ibi bikurinda imvune zo mu mutwe.
- Gufata neza indwara zawe zidakira. Urugero, niba umuntu urwaye igicuri afashe imiti ye neza nk'uko muganga we yabimutegetse kandi akagenzura indwara ze zo mu bwonko, bishobora kugabanya kwangirika k'ubwonko.
Ni ryari ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga?
Kwangirika k'ubwonko ni ikibazo gihangayikishije ubuzima. Indwara yo mu bwonko ni ikibazo gisaba kwitabwaho byihutirwa. Niba umuntu wa hafi yawe agaragaje ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko (urugero: umunwa urembye ugana ku ruhande rumwe, kubura ukuboko kumwe, kuvuga nabi), mujyane mu bitaro byita ku barwayi ba ETU ako kanya.
Byongeye kandi, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso bikurikira:
- Umutwe utunguranye, utameze neza, kandi urushaho gukomera.
- Impinduka mu kureba zitasobanuwe (kubona kabiri, kuziba, kubona urumuri imbere y'amaso).
- Indwara yo mu mutwe imara iminota irenga 5 cyangwa indwara nyinshi zikurikiranye.
- Gutakaza ubwenge, isesemi, cyangwa kuribwa umutwe nyuma yo gukubitwa ku mutwe cyangwa ku mubiri.
- Impinduka itunguranye mu myitwarire cyangwa uko umuntu yiyumva.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Igisebe mu bwonko ni ahantu hangiritse ingingo z'ubwonko.
- Ibimenyetso biterwa n'aho ubwonko bwangiritse.
- Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kubaho, harimo impanuka, indwara zo mu bwonko, indwara zandura, n'indwara nka Alzheimer.
- Ibipimo nka MRI na CT scans bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibi.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'icyateye kwangirika. Bimwe birakira, ibindi ntibikira.
- Niba ugize ibimenyetso nko kubabara umutwe bitunguranye, guhinduka k'amaso, guta ubwenge, cyangwa gukubita ibisebe, hita ubonana na muganga wawe.
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