Tekereza ukubita ivi ahantu runaka. Nyuma y'igihe runaka, ahantu habyimba, sibyo? Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Dushyiraho umuti , wenda tugashyiraho agapaki k'urubura, maze bigakira. Ariko se byagenda bite niba ubwonko bwawe bwakomeretse kandi ubwonko bwawe bukabyimba? Icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane, gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Kubera ko ubwonko bwacu buri mu gahanga gakomeye cyane kandi gafite amagufwa. Bityo nta mwanya munini bufite wo kubyimba nk'ivi. Uku kubura umwanya bishobora gutuma ubwonko bukandamizwa bigatera ibibazo bikomeye.
Kubyimba k'ubwonko ni iki?
Mu magambo make, kubyimba k'ubwonko ni indwara aho amazi yirundanya mu bwonko ku mpamvu runaka, bigatuma ubwonko bubyimba. Ibi byitwa amazina menshi mu buvuzi.
- Kubyimba k'ubwonko
- Umuvuduko wo mu mutwe uri hejuru cyane
Iyo ubwonko bubyimbye muri ubu buryo, umwanya uri mu gahanga gakomeye urushaho kuba muto. Ibi bituma umuvuduko uri mu bwonko, uzwi nka Intracranial Pressure (ICP), wiyongera cyane. Iyo uyu muvuduko wiyongereye, imiyoboro yoroheje y'amaraso ijyana amaraso mu bwonko itangira kubyimba. Ubwonko buhita buhagarika kwakira ogisijeni n'intungamubiri bukeneye. Ibi bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw'ubwonko, cyangwa se bigatuma dupfa. Byongeye kandi, inzira zituma andi mazi yo mu bwonko asohokamo na zo zishobora gukumirwa n'uku kubyimba, bigatuma ikibazo kirushaho kuba kibi.
Ibi ni nko gushyira umupira wuzuye amazi mu gasanduku gato ukawukanda. Umupira ushobora guturika, si byo se? Ni nako bigenda ku bwonko.
Ni iki gitera kubyimba ubwonko?
Nta mpamvu n'imwe itera kubyimba ubwonko, ariko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kubitera. Hari impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye, kuva ku gukomereka mu mutwe kugeza ku ndwara zitandukanye. Reka turebere hamwe neza izi mpamvu.
| Impamvu | Ibisobanuro Byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa (TBI) | Ubwonko bushobora kwangirika no kubyimba bitewe n'ibintu nk'impanuka y'imodoka, kugwa, gukubitwa bikomeye ku mutwe, cyangwa gukubitwa. Ibi bishobora no kubaho iyo amagufwa y'agahanga yavunitse kandi imiyoboro y'amaraso ikangirika. |
| Indwara ya Ischemic Stroke | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa stroke. Bubaho iyo umutsi w'amaraso mu bwonko ufunzwe n'amaraso apfutse. Iyo amaraso ahagaze gutembera, uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dutangira gupfa, bigatera kubyimba. |
| Indwara yo kuva amaraso mu bwonko | Umutsi w'amaraso mu bwonko uraturika ugatangira kuva amaraso. Aya maraso aterana mu bwonko, yongera umuvuduko w'amaraso bigatuma habaho kubyimba. Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije ni wo utera ibi. |
| Indwara zandurira mu mubiri | Indwara za virusi cyangwa bagiteri zishobora gutera kubyimba ubwonko. Ingero: Meningite - kubyimba kw'udusimba dutwikiriye ubwonko, Encephalitis - kubyimba k'ubwonko ubwabwo, Toxoplasmosis - indwara iterwa n'udukoko. |
| Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko | Ikibyimba kigaragara mu bwonko gishobora gutera kubyimba gikanda ku ngingo z’ubwonko zikikije maze kikabuza amazi yo mu bwonko gutembera. |
| Ubutumburuke Burebure | Hari abantu bashobora kugira iyi ndwara iyo bagiye mu turere turi hejuru ya metero 1.900 uvuye ku nyanja (urugero: mu misozi iri hejuru ya Nuwara Eliya). Ibi kandi byitwa High-Altitude Clear Edema (HACE) . |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kubyimba ubwonko?
Ibimenyetso byo kubyimba ubwonko bikunze kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'icyabiteye n'urugero rw'ikibyimba. Ushobora guhura na kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira:
- Kuribwa umutwe cyane
- Kubabara ijosi cyangwa gukomera
- Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
- Kuzungera
- Guhumeka nabi
- Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyangwa guhindura imiterere y'amaso (nk'uko ubona ibintu bibiri)
- Gutakaza kwibuka
- Kugorwa no kugenda
- Kugorwa no kuvuga, kwihambira ku rurimi
- Gusinzira, iyo umuntu atazi ibiri kuba hirya no hino
- Indwara zo mu mutwe
- Gutakaza ubwenge
Icy'ingenzi cyane: Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, bigomba gufatwa nk'ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi. Jyana umurwayi mu bitaro bikuru byita ku barwayi barembye (ETU) vuba.
Ni gute umuganga asuzuma iyi ndwara?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, abaganga bazakora ibizamini byinshi bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'icyabiteye.
- Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Ubwa mbere, umuganga azasuzuma neza umutwe wawe, ijosi ryawe n'umubiri wawe.
- Isuzuma ry'imitsi: Ubwenge bwawe, kureba, kuringaniza, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutekereza biragenzurwa.
- CT scan: Ibi bishobora kumenya vuba aho ubwonko bubyimbye n'urugero rwabyo.
- MRI scan: Ibi bishobora gutanga ishusho isobanutse neza kandi irambuye y’ingingo z’ubwonko.
- Gupima amaraso: Gupima amaraso bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe izindi mpamvu, nko kwandura indwara.
- Gutobora mu bwonko: Hari ubwo iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari indwara cyangwa ibindi bibazo.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura kubyimba ubwonko?
Hari intego ebyiri z'ingenzi zo kuvura kubyimba ubwonko. Imwe ni uguha ubwonko umwuka wa ogisijeni n'amaraso bikenewe. Indi ni ukugabanya umuvuduko uri mu gahanga no kugenzura kubyimba. Ibi bishobora gusaba uburyo bwo kuvura buvanze n'ubuvuzi n'ubuganga. Uko ubuvuzi butangira vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo gukira no gukira neza aba menshi.
| Uburyo bwo Kuvura | Ibisobanuro byoroshye (Icyo bikora) |
|---|---|
| Ubuvuzi bwa ogisijeni | Ogisijeni nyinshi itangwa binyuze mu cyuma gifasha guhumeka kugira ngo ogisijeni ikomeze kuba nziza mu maraso. |
| Ibinyobwa biva mu mitsi (IV Fluids) | Ibintu nk'umunyu bitangwa mu mitsi (IV) kugira ngo umuvuduko w'amaraso udagabanuka. Ariko, hari ibinyobwa bishobora kongera kubyimba, bityo abaganga bakabitanga witonze cyane. |
| Umuti | Imiti itandukanye itangwa kugira ngo igabanye kubyimba, ishongeshe amaraso afunganye, cyangwa igenzure uko umubiri witwara. |
| Ventrikulostomy | Ubu ni uburyo bwo kubaga. Hakorwa umwobo muto mu gahanga, hagashyirwamo umuyoboro wa pulasitiki mu bwonko, hanyuma amazi arenze agakurwamo, umuvuduko ukagabanuka. |
| Kubaga | Ibi birimo gukuraho by'agateganyo igice cy'agahanga kugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko w'amaraso (decompression craniectomy) , gusana imitsi iva amaraso, cyangwa gukuraho ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko. |
Ese hari ingaruka z'igihe kirekire nyuma yo kubyimba ubwonko?
Yego, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho ingaruka z'igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukubitwa n'indwara yo mu bwonko. Izi ngaruka ziterwa n'uburemere bw'ubwonko bwangiritse ndetse n'igice cy'ubwonko cyangiritse.
- Ibibazo byo gusinzira
- Kugorwa no gutekereza no kwibanda ku bintu
- Kuribwa umutwe kenshi
- Ihungabana
- Kugorwa no kuvuga
- Ibibazo bijyanye n'ingendo z'umubiri
- Kugorwa no kugenzura inkari
Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizagufasha guhangana n'ibi bibazo. Nubwo hari ibibazo bishobora kugenda birushaho kuba byiza uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibindi bishobora gusaba ubuvuzi buhoraho.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kubyimba ubwonko ni indwara iteje akaga cyane isaba kuvurwa vuba, kuko umuvuduko uri mu gihanga wiyongera.
- Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, gucika imitsi, indwara zandura, n'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko bishobora kuba impamvu nyamukuru y'ibi.
- Niba ugize ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe cyane, kuruka, isereri, impinduka mu maso, cyangwa guta ubwenge , jya kwa muganga wita ku barwayi ba ETU byihutirwa.
- Guhabwa ubuvuzi ku gihe kandi bukwiye bishobora kurokora ubuzima no kugabanya ingaruka z'igihe kirekire. Bityo rero ntuzigere wirengagiza ibi bimenyetso.
- Ibi bishobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe ibintu byoroshye nko gukoresha ingofero, umukandara wo mu modoka, kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso no kwirinda kunywa itabi.
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