Ese amaso yawe arimo kugaragara nabi? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ya cataract!

Ese hari igihe wumva ureba isi unyuze mu idirishya ryanduye? Cyangwa wumva amaso yawe arimo kuba ubururu bitewe n'amatara iyo utwaye imodoka nijoro? Wenda ukeneye urumuri rwinshi kugira ngo usome ikinyamakuru. Ibi si ibintu bidasanzwe gusa, ushobora no kuba utazi ko ufite cataract mu maso yawe. Ntugahangayike, tuzabiganiraho birambuye uyu munsi.

Mu magambo make, cataract ni iki?

Mu magambo make, cataract ni agace gato, cyangwa ubushyuhe, gakorera kuri lens imbere mu jisho ryawe. Lens yawe ubusanzwe iba isobanutse neza kandi yoroshye kuyihindura. Igizwe ahanini na poroteyine , cyane cyane poroteyine zitwa crystallines . Uko tugenda dusaza, izi poroteyine zirasenyuka zigakora ibyo twita ibicu, utudomo twera kuri lens. Ibyo nibyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kureba kwawe.

Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi ndwara ishobora kuzamba kandi ubushobozi bwawe bwo kureba bugakomeza kuba bubi. Ibi bishobora gutuma bigorana gukora n'imirimo y'ibanze ya buri munsi. Abaganga bavuga ko indwara ya cataract idashobora kwirindwa uko umuntu agenda akura. Niyo mpamvu indwara ya cataract iterwa n'ubusaza ari yo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri iyi ndwara.

Ariko ntugahangayike! Ntabwo ugomba gutegereza ko kureba kwawe kugenda buhoro buhoro. Abaganga b'amaso bashobora kubaga kugira ngo bakureho izi cataracts kandi bagusubize ubushobozi bwo kureba.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa cataract?

Yego, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa cataract. Ariko muri iyi nkuru, tuzavuga cyane cyane ku ndwara ya cataract ibaho uko umuntu akura. Reka turebere hamwe n'ubundi bwoko muri make:

• Indwara z'amaso mu bana: Izi ndwara ziba mu bana bato n'abana. Hari abana bashobora kuvukana iyi ndwara bavukanye , cyangwa bashobora kuyikura nyuma gato yo kuvuka. Akenshi, izi ndwara ziba zikomoka ku nkomoko y'umubiri. Ariko zishobora no guterwa n'ibikomere by'amaso cyangwa izindi ndwara z'amaso. Iyo iyi ndwara ibaye mu bana bato n'abana, igomba kuvurwa vuba. Bitabaye ibyo, ibibazo nka amblyopia , cyangwa 'ijisho ry'ubunebwe', bishobora kubaho.
• Indwara zo mu maso ziterwa n’ihungabana: Izi ndwara zivuka iyo ijisho ryawe rikubiswe n’ikintu runaka. Kuzivura biragoye cyane kuko n’ibindi bice by’ijisho bishobora kwangirika.
• Indwara ya kanseri y'inyongera: Iyi ni ukwijima kw'ikirahuri, si lensi ubwayo, ahubwo ni agapfukamunwa k'ikirahuri , membrane itwikira lensi. Irindi zina ry'ibi ni opacification y'inyuma y'ikirahuri . Iyi ni indwara ikunze kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa ikirahuri, ariko ivurwa byoroshye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibibazo bizanwa no gusaza?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa cataract bukura uko umuntu akura. Amazina akurikije aho agaragara muri lens. Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, ni byiza kumenya gato Aufbau y'lens yawe.

Tekereza ko lensi yawe imeze nk'ipome:

• Nucleus: Iyi iherereye hagati muri lens, nk'inyuma y'ipome.
• Cortex: Uru ni urwego rukikije ipfundo ry'imbere. Rumeze nk'umuyoboro w'ipome turya.
• Agapfukamunwa k'ijisho: Aka ni agapfukamunwa gato gatwikira cornea. Mu by'ukuri si igice cy'ijisho ubwaryo, ariko kakora nk'uruhu rurinda ijisho, gatwikira kandi kagakingira ijisho. Kameze nk'uruhu rw'ipome.

Abaganga b'amaso bashyira mu byiciro indwara ya cataract bakurikije aho iri muri lens. Akenshi, abantu bashobora kugira ubwoko burenze bumwe icyarimwe. Ibi biterwa nuko ibi bicu bikunze kubaho ahantu henshi kuri lens. Ubwoko butatu bukunze kugaragara bwa cataract uko tugenda dusaza ni ubu:

• Katarakteri ya sclerotic ya nuclear: Iyi ikura hagati (nucleus) y'ikirahure.
• Katarakte y'umutima: Iyi ikura muri cortex.
• Katarakte y'inyuma y'ikirahure: Iyi igaragara inyuma y'ikirahure . "Inyuma" hano bivuze "inyuma" y'ikirahure. Ni ukuvuga igice cyegereye retina yawe (iri inyuma y'ikirahure). "Ikirahure" bivuze ko iyi katarakte igaragara inyuma y'ikirahure, munsi gato y'ikirahure cy'ikirahure.

Ni mu kihe kigero indwara ya cataract itangira kugaragara?

Ubusanzwe, poroteyine zo mu jisho ry'ijisho zitangira gushwanyuka mu gihe cy'imyaka 40. Ariko ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso kugeza ugeze ku myaka 60 cyangwa urengejeho. Ariko, niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe, nka diyabete , ushobora kugaragaraho ibimenyetso mbere y'igihe.

Iki kibazo gikunze kugaragara gute?

Indwara ya cataract ikunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka no ku isi yose. Nk’uko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ribivuga, hafi 17% by’abatuye isi bafite indwara ya cataract igira ingaruka ku maso yabo. Ariko, uyu mubare uratandukanye bitewe n’igihugu n’uturere. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite amikoro yo hagati n’akennye. Ibi biterwa nuko abo bantu bafite ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibyago kandi bakaba bake mu bijyanye no kuvura cataract.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umuntu 1 kuri 5 ufite hagati y'imyaka 65 na 74 afite indwara ya katarakte igira ingaruka ku maso ye. Abantu barenga 50% barengeje imyaka 80 baba bafite indwara ya katarakte cyangwa bakaba barakorewe kubagwa kugira ngo bayikuremo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya cataract?

Niba ufite indwara ya katarakte, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Kureba bisa n'ibicu, bidafite ishingiro, cyangwa bifite igihu .
• Impinduka mu buryo amabara agaragara (amabara ashobora kugaragara nk'ayashize cyangwa afite urumuri ruto).
• ByizaAmaso arushaho kumva urumuri rw'izuba, amatara y'imodoka n'amatara.
• Amaso ahinduka ubururu iyo areba urumuri, abona indorerwamo zikikije amatara, kandi akabona imirongo.
• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kubona nijoro .
• Impinduka mu miti yawe y'indorerwamo z'amaso, cyane cyane kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kureba kure no kwiyongera k'ubushobozi bwo kureba hafi .
• Ukeneye urumuri rwinshi rwo gusoma.
• Kureba kabiri .

Ese indwara ya cataract itera ububabare?

Indwara ya cataracts ubusanzwe ntabwo ibabaza, ariko ushobora kumva utameze neza uko amaso yawe arushaho kugira ubworoherane.

Kuki indwara ya cataract itera?

Impamvu nyamukuru itera cataract ni ukugabanuka buhoro buhoro kwa poroteyine mu jisho. Ariko, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara cataract ukiri muto cyangwa urengeje imyaka y'abandi.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya cataract?

Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara ya cataract bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: ibidukikije, ubuvuzi, n'imiterere y'umubiri.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka ku bidukikije

Ibi ni ibintu uhura nabyo mu bidukikije. Hari igihe ibi bishobora kuba uburozi uhumeka kandi ukanywa. Ibintu bidukikije ni bibi kuko byongera ingano ya radicals zidafite ishingiro mu mubiri wawe, ari zo duce tudahindagurika twangiza uturemangingo tuzima. Izi radicals zidafite ishingiro zishobora kwangiza uturemangingo turi mu jisho ryawe, bigatera cataract.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka ku bidukikije ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ihumana ry'ikirere.
• Umwotsi w'itabi .
• Inzoga.
• Ibinyabutabire biva mu nganda.
• Udukoko twica udukoko.
• Kumara igihe kirekire uhura n'imirasire ya ultraviolet (urumuri rwa UV) ituruka ku zuba.
• Niba warigeze guterwa imiti ikoresha imirasire mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri wawe.

Kugabanya ibyo bibazo byo mu bidukikije bishobora gufasha gutinza iterambere rya cataract. Abashakashatsi baracyakora iperereza ku buryo ubu buryo bwo kwirinda bufite akamaro.

Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago by'uburwayi

Ibintu by’ubuvuzi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya katarakte ni ibi bikurikira:

• Diyabete Mellitus cyangwa isukari nyinshi mu maraso.
• Kuba warakorewe operasiyo zimwe na zimwe z'amaso, nka glaucoma.
• Gukoresha imiti ya corticosteroids nk'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe (urugero: rubagimpande).
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso, nka Retina pigmentosa cyangwa Uveitis .

Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago mu ngirabuzimafatizo

Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite cataract, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara cataract. Impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora gutera cataract yo mu muryango. Ku ndwara ya cataract iterwa n'imyaka, impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora gutuma lens yawe yibasirwa n'ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka ku bidukikije. Abashakashatsi bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi kuri izi sano.

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibyago byo kwandura indwara zandurira mu ngirabuzimafatizo, ni ngombwa kumenya amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe no kuyabwira muganga wawe.

Wamenya ute ko ufite indwara ya katarakte?

Abaganga b'amaso n'abaganga b'amaso basuzuma indwara ya cataract binyuze mu isuzuma ry'amaso rirambuye. Muganga wawe azasuzuma amaso yawe neza kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibimenyetso bya cataract n'ubukana bwayo. Bazakubaza kandi ibijyanye n'amaso yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, ndetse niba amaso yawe atari meza nkuko yahoze, bigatuma bigorana gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Ibizamini byihariye bikoreshwa mu gupima indwara ya katarakte ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cy'itara ry'urumuri.
• Ikizamini cy'ubuhanga bwo kureba.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara ya cataract?

Kubaga cataract ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukuraho cataract no gusubiza amaso yawe neza. Mu gihe cyo kubaga cataract, inzobere mu by'amaso ikuraho lens yawe karemano y'ibicu ikayisimbuza lens y'ubukorano (lens intraocular - IOL) . IOL ni lens y'ubukorano ishyirwa mu jisho ryawe burundu. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa IOL, kandi muganga wawe ashobora kukuganiriza kuri zo.

Akamaro gakomeye ka IOL ni uko igaragara neza nk'indorerwamo karemano. Ikindi cyiza ni uko ishobora gukosora amakosa yo kugarura isura , ari na zo mpamvu zituma umuntu yambara indorerwamo. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kugabanya gukenera indorerwamo cyangwa contact lenses nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ese kubagwa kwa cataract ni akaga?

Kubaga ishaza ry'amaso ni bumwe mu bubaji bwizewe kandi bukunze gukorwa ku isi. Abantu benshi ntibahura n'ingorane zikomeye. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ingaruka zose zishobora guterwa n'ijisho ry'amaso no kwandura.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso cyangwa izindi ndwara zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara. Kubwibyo, ugomba kuganira na muganga wawe ku birebana n'ingaruka zawe bwite mbere yo kubagwa. Nanone, mubaza uko ibibazo bishobora kuvurwa.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kubagwa?

Ushobora kumva ububabare cyangwa kutamererwa neza nyuma yo kubagwa. Muganga wawe azaguha imiti igabanya ububabare yo gufata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Bifata ibyumweru bine kugeza ku munani kugira ngo ukire neza, ariko uzatangira kubona impinduka mu maso yawe vuba cyane. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe cyiza cyo gusubira mu mirimo yawe isanzwe.

Ni iki wakwitega niba ufite indwara ya cataract?

Umuganga w'amaso cyangwa umuganga w'amaso ashobora kukubwira neza uko umerewe. Azasuzuma amaso yawe kandi arebe ubukana bw'indwara ya cataract ufite.

Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kudakenera kubagwa. Impinduka mu kureba kwawe zishobora kuba nto. Ariko uko indwara ya cataract ikura uko igihe kigenda gihita, ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane. Iyo ibimenyetso byawe bitangiye kubangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubagwa kugira ngo bigufashe gukomeza imirimo yawe isanzwe mu mutekano.

Ese indwara ya cataract ishobora kwirindwa?

Indwara zo mu maso ni ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza. Ariko hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora kugira ngo urinde ubuzima bw'amaso yawe ndetse wenda ugatinda gato:

• Ntukanywe itabi. Umwotsi w'itabi wongera ibyago byo kurwara cataract. Niba unywa itabi ubu, saba muganga wawe ubufasha bwo kurireka.
• Rinda amaso yawe izuba. Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba cyangwa amadarubindi afite irangi rirwanya imirasire y'izuba. Kwambara ingofero ifite umugozi nabyo birafasha.
• Jya usuzuma amaso buri gihe. Baza muganga wawe inshuro ugomba kuza kwipimisha. Ntucikwe n'itariki zo kwipimisha, kandi ubwire muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa bihinduka.

Ni iki umuntu urwaye cataract yakora kugira ngo yirwaneho?

Niba ufite ishaza, hari byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wite ku buzima bwawe. Dore bimwe muri byo:

• Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba zikozwe muri polarized kugira ngo ugabanye urumuri rw'izuba ryinshi.
• Koresha ikirahuri gikurura ibintu kugira ngo kigufashe gusoma.
• Kugira ngo ubone neza mu gihe usoma, shyira amatara yawe agaragara cyane .
• Nta kibazo niba amatara atuma amaso yawe aba ubururu iyo utwaye imodoka nijoro, ariko niba ari ikibazo, gerageza kwirinda gutwara imodoka nijoro .
• Shaka muganga w'amaso yawe ukurikije gahunda ye kandi uvugurure indorerwamo zawe nibiba ngombwa.
• Komeza ugenzure neza indwara iyo ari yo yose itera ikibazo, nka diyabete .

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya cataract, cyangwa niba ubonye impinduka mu kureba kwawe, gana muganga wawe. Ibibazo nko kutabona neza bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'izindi ndwara nyinshi z'amaso, harimo na cataract. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo umenye icyateye ibimenyetso byawe kandi ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Kigo cyita ku Buvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Gutandukanya retinalNiba ufite ibimenyetso, hita ushakisha abaganga bihutirwa. Iki ni ikibazo kidakunze kubaho ariko gikomeye gishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa cataract. Kigira ingaruka ku muntu umwe mu 100. Ibimenyetso by'umuburo birimo:

• Utangiye kubona ibintu birebire n'urumuri imbere y'amaso yawe.
• Kubona urumuri amaso yawe afunguye cyangwa afunze.
• Kumva igicucu cyangwa agakingirizo gakwirakwira mu maso yawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe w'amaso?

Dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza muganga wawe:

• Ese mfite ibimenyetso by'indwara ya cataract?
• Indwara ya cataract ikabije gute?
• Ni ubwoko ki kandi ziherereye he kuri lensi yanjye yo mu bwoko bwa contact lens?
• Ese bizagira ingaruka ku maso yanjye yombi?
• Utekereza ko nzakenera kubagwa ryari?
• Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa no kubagwa?
• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa IOL bubereye kuri njye?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngaragare neza kugeza igihe nzabagwa?
• Ni izihe mpinduka mu mibereho ngomba kugira?

Nubwo indwara ya cataract ari ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza, gusuzuma iyi ndwara si byiza buri gihe. Gutekereza kubagwa amaso bishobora gutuma wumva ufite ubwoba kandi uhangayikishijwe n'uko kureba kwawe kuzaba kumeze nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ntugahangayike cyane. Wibuke ko kubaga cataract ari kimwe mu bikorwa bikunze kugaragara kandi bisanzwe ku isi. Ushobora kuba uzi nibura umuntu umwe wigeze kubagwa, kandi ashobora kuba ari umuntu mwiza wo kuganira na we kuri ibyo. Ganira na we kandi umubaze ibyamubayeho. Ariko ntugashake ko uhatirwa cyangwa ngo wihutishwe no kubagwa. Vugana na muganga wawe hanyuma uhitemo igihe cyiza kuri wewe.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Nubwo indwara ya cataract ari ikintu kizanwa no gusaza, si ikintu cyo kwirengagiza. Niba wumva ko kureba kwawe kugenda kugabanuka buhoro buhoro, ntugatinye ngo ushakishe umuganga w'amaso . Iyo bigaragaye hakiri kare, ushobora kubona ubuvuzi bukenewe kandi ukabaho ubuzima bwawe busanzwe, ufite amaso asobanutse neza. Ni ngombwa cyane kwipimisha amaso ku gihe no kwita ku maso yawe . Wibuke ko amaso yawe ari yo mutungo w'agaciro kanini ufite kugira ngo ubone isi!

Indwara z'amaso, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba, indorerwamo z'amaso, kubagwa amaso, gusaza, ubuzima bw'amaso